Mining, environmental degradation and archaeology. Minas Gerais, Brazil 18th Century

A partir do final do século XVII a região central do Brasil foi palco de umintenso processo de exploração mineral -ouro e diamantes- que passou àhistória, identificado através da denominação de “Ciclo do Ouro”. Utilizandotécnicas desenvolvidas em função das condições ambientais, a atividademineraria provocou impactos no ambiente/ paisagem que ainda hoje podemser identificados como vestígios arqueológicos. A destruição da coberturavegetal, as alterações radicais no relevo, o assoreamento e o ressecamentodos cursos d’água, são alguns dos impactos provocados por aquele processoextrativo. As antigas áreas exploradas apresentam hoje evidências de umprocesso natural de recuperação colocando os vestígios arqueológicos nacondição de elementos a serem preservados, tanto na perspectiva patrimonialquanto ambiental. Este trabalho pretende abordar a forma como tais vestígiosse apresentam bem como sua relevância para o estudo da história da mineração,da degradação ambiental e da questão patrimonial.By late 17th century Brazil’s central region was the scenario of an intensive process of mineral exploitation -gold and diamonds- which came to be known as “Golden Cycle”. Using techniques developed due to environmental conditions, the mining activity provoked impact on the landscape and environment which can be identified as archaeological records at present. Destruction of the vegetation cover, radical changes in the natural form of the land, the silting and dryness of watercourses are some of the consequences the extraction process caused. Nowadays, the old exploited areas present evidences of a natural recovery, placing the archaeological remains as elements to be preserved, both from a patrimonial and environmental perspective. This paper studies the way in which these vestiges are presented as well as its relevance for the study of the history of mining, environmental degradation and patrimonial issues

Impact of Care Interventions on the Survival of Patients with Cardiac Chest Pain

Background: Chest pain is considered the second most frequent complaint among patients seeking emergency services. However, there is limited information in the literature about how the care provided to patients with chest pain, when being attended to in the emergency room, influences their clinical outcomes. Aims: To assess the relationship between care interventions performed on patients with cardiac chest pain and their immediate and late clinical outcomes and to identify which care interventions were essential to survival. Methods: In this retrospective study. We analyzed 153 medical records of patients presenting with chest pain at an emergency service center, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were divided into two groups: (G1) remained hospitalized for a maximum of 24 h and (G2) remained hospitalized for between 25 h and 30 days. Results: Most of the participants were male 99 (64.7%), with a mean age of 63.2 years. The interventions central venous catheter, non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, pulse oximetry, and monitoring peripheral perfusion were commonly associated with survival at 24 h and 30 days. Advanced cardiovascular life support and basic support life (p = 0.0145; OR = 8053; 95% CI = 1385–46,833), blood transfusion (p < 0.0077; OR = 34,367; 95% CI = 6489–182,106), central venous catheter (p < 0.0001; OR = 7.69: 95% CI 1853–31,905), and monitoring peripheral perfusion (p < 0.0001; OR = 6835; 95% CI 1349–34,634) were independently associated with survival at 30 days by Cox Regression. Conclusions: Even though there have been many technological advances over the past decades, this study demonstrated that immediate and long-term survival depended on interventions received in an emergency room for many patients

Lipid Nanostructured Carriers Systems For Ivermectin And Methoprene Aiming Parasite Control

The study of characteristics of nanoscale structures and applications now has great interest of researchers from different areas. In this regard, lipid carriers can improve the bioavailability of drugs and the reduction of possible toxicological effects. Thus, the development of nanostructured systems for the agricultural sector, aimed at combating parasites may reduce extensive damage caused to livestock producers and animal health. This study aimed to prepare and characterize lipid carrier systems, such as Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), as well as evaluate the potential of cyto and genotoxicity of these systems in order to improve and produce alternatives to the use targeting these compounds in veterinary applications. Lipid nanoparticles had become spherical with an average size of 250 nm and remained stable over 120 days. The encapsulation efficiency was greater than 99% for both drugs and release tests showed a strong interaction between drugs and nanoparticles. Cyto- and genotoxicity tests show that nanoparticles made possible changes in cellular viability of the tested cells. Thus, the results showed that the nanoparticles had good colloidal characteristics without changes in its characteristics, enabling the development of carrier systems for these drugs , aiming veterinary applications.3991034104

Profile and characteristics of violence against older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico y las características de la violencia interpersonal contra los adultos mayores en el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19 en una ciudad capital de la región sureste de Brasil. Método: investigación descriptiva, exploratoria con diseño transversal a partir del análisis de las notificaciones de casos sospechosos o confirmados de violencia contra el adulto mayor, ocurridos entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021. Se realizó un análisis estadístico univariado y la prueba exacta de Fisher (p< 0,05). Resultados: hubo 2681 notificaciones en el período. Las principales víctimas fueron personas entre 60 y 64 años, de sexo femenino, blancas y con baja escolaridad. La mayoría de los casos se registró en el hogar. La violencia física y psicológica fueron las más comunes, con uso de fuerza física/golpes y amenaza, respectivamente. El agresor era generalmente del sexo masculino, más joven que la víctima, hijo o pareja. Las agresiones se produjeron más de una vez y fueron motivadas por conflictos generacionales. Hubo baja derivación a organismos de protección de adultos mayores. Conclusión: el perfil sociodemográfico obtenido revela que son víctimas vulnerables, sujetas a múltiples formas de violencia y que la integridad de su salud está en riesgo potencial.Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e as características da violência interpessoal contra a pessoa idosa no primeiro ano da pandemia COVID-19 em uma capital da região sudeste do Brasil. Método: pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, com delineamento transversal a partir da análise das notificações de casos suspeitos ou confirmados de violência contra a pessoa idosa, ocorridas entre março de 2020 e março de 2021. Foi realizada a análise estatística univariada e teste exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados: houve 2681 notificações no período. As principais vítimas foram pessoas com idade entre 60 e 64 anos, do sexo feminino, brancas e com baixa escolaridade. As ocorrências tiveram maior frequência nos domicílios. As violências físicas e psicológicas foram as mais comuns, com uso de força física/espancamento e ameaça, respectivamente. O agressor era, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino, mais jovem do que a vítima, geralmente filho ou parceiro íntimo. As agressões ocorreram mais de uma vez e foram motivadas por conflitos geracionais. Houve baixo encaminhamento para órgãos de proteção a pessoa idosa. Conclusão: o perfil sociodemográfico encontrado evidencia vítimas vulneráveis, sujeitas a muitas formas de violência e com potenciais riscos à integralidade de sua saúde.Objective: to identify the sociodemographic profile and the characteristics of interpersonal violence against older adults during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in a capital city from the Brazilian Southeast region. Method: a descriptive and exploratory research study with a cross-sectional design based on the notifications of suspected or confirmed cases of violence against older adults between March 2020 and March 2021. A univariate statistical analysis and Fisher’s exact test (p<0.05) were performed. Results: a total of 2,681 notifications were recorded during the period. The main victims were individuals aged between 60 and 64 years old, female, white-skinned and with low schooling levels. The instances of violence were more frequent in the victims’ homes. Physical and psychological violence predominated, through physical force/beatings and threats, respectively. Most of the aggressors were male, younger than the victims and generally their children or intimate partners. The aggressions were perpetrated more than once and were driven by generational conflicts. There was low referral to entities for the protection of older adults. Conclusion: the sociodemographic profile found evidences vulnerable victims, subjected to many types of violence, and at a potential risk against their overall health

Interações entre meio ambiente, atendimentos antirrábicos e acidentes por animais peçonhentos no município de Petrolina (PE)

Alterações e intervenções sobre o ambiente em que a sociedade se insere são consideradas partes e consequências do desordenado crescimento e os efeitos causados sobre a saúde e o próprio ambiente tornam-se cada dia mais crescentes. Indicadores ocorrem aumentando as implicações na saúde da população em geral e foi diante tantas problemáticas, que surgiu o interesse em realizar um levantamento de dados relacionando ambiente, acidentes por animais peçonhentos e atendimentos antirrábicos. Para realização deste, foram levantados e coletados dados em bases de informações como DATASUS/SIAB e IBGE para relacionar dados sociais e crescimento urbano, bem como, de saúde. O método descritivo foi utilizado, com variáveis independente e dependente, e a análise interpretativa e crítica procurou associar as ideias expressas através da descrição de doenças notificadas no SINAN no período de 2003 a 2013, e que pudessem estar diretamente envolvidas na relação saúde, ambiente e crescimento urbano. Dentro dos resultados pode-se deparar com um rápido crescimento urbano levado por uma rápida ocupação que desencadeou em degradação ambiental e invasão de espaços de forma desordenada e inapropriada à saúde humana; também foram relacionados problemas de saúde pública diretamente ligados ao ambiente devido essa ocupação como: acidentes por animais peçonhentos e o elevado número de atendimentos antirrábicos; além da própria degradação do Rio São Francisco. Contudo, dados sociais afirmam que a população local vive em condições consideradas favoráveis onde 95% dela habita em residências de alvenaria, grande parte possui coleta de lixo, esgotamento sanitário, mas 28,3% dessa mesma população, consome água sem tratamento. Estudos mais extensos e aprofundados no Município Petrolinense e região do Vale do Submédio São Francisco são necessários para busca de melhorias efetivas em relação ao ambiente e a saúde da população. A aproximação entre a educação e saúde com inovações metodológicas e apoio das políticas públicas poderiam ser de grande relevância visando não apenas a redução de dados estatísticos, mas principalmente, a vulnerabilidade do ambiente em que a população se encontra.Palavras-chave: Saúde. Ambiente. Animais peçonhentos. Atendimentos antirrábicos. 

Lipid nanostructured carriers systems for ivermectin and methoprene aiming parasite control

The study of characteristics of nanoscale structures and applications now has great interest of researchers from different areas. In this regard, lipid carriers can improve the bioavailability of drugs and the reduction of possible toxicological effects. Thus, the development of nanostructured systems for the agricultural sector, aimed at combating parasites may reduce extensive damage caused to livestock producers and animal health. This study aimed to prepare and characterize lipid carrier systems, such as Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), as well as evaluate the potential of cyto and genotoxicity of these systems in order to improve and produce alternatives to the use targeting these compounds in veterinary applications. Lipid nanoparticles had become spherical with an average size of 250 nm and remained stable over 120 days. The encapsulation efficiency was greater than 99% for both drugs and release tests showed a strong interaction between drugs and nanoparticles. Cyto- and genotoxicity tests show that nanoparticles made possible changes in cellular viability of the tested cells. Thus, the results showed that the nanoparticles had good colloidal characteristics without changes in its characteristics, enabling the development of carrier systems for these drugs , aiming veterinary applications39910341043FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP#2013/12322-2; #2015/15617-9; #2013/24788-

Grupos reflexivos com mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade: uma prática extensionista

This is an experience report that describes the journey experienced by monitors in an extension practice through an extension project linked to the Research Group on Women, Gender and Health at the State University of Bahia (UNEB). The RG actions were initiated in five moments, with a fortnightly interval between them. The meetings had themes that provoked reflections on women's health and gender disparity, as well as on the psychologies in their social relationships. The formation of the RG with women in vulnerable situations as an educational space dealt with discussions and reflections that sought to encourage women to autonomy, self-care and suffering from the affects of gender inequality in their health conditions. In addition, these spaces can contribute to the integrality of women's health care, with the exchange of information about their bodies, self-care actions and encouragement of autonomy.Trata-se de um relato de experiência que descreve o percurso vivenciado por monitoras em uma prática extensionista através de um projeto de extensão vinculado ao Grupo de pesquisa sobre Mulher, Gênero e Saúde da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB). As ações do GR foram planejadas em cinco momentos, com um intervalo quinzenal entre os mesmos. Os encontros contaram com temáticas que provocaram reflexões acerca da saúde da mulher e disparidade de gênero, bem como sobre as implicações destas nas suas relações sociais. A formação do GR com mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade como um espaço educativo proporcionou discussões e reflexões que buscaram incentivar as mulheres a autonomia, autocuidado e compressão dos impactos da desigualdade de gênero nas suas condições de saúde. Além disso, esses espaços podem contribuir para a integralidade da assistência à saúde da mulher, com troca de informações sobre o seu corpo, ações de autocuidado e incentivo a autonomia

15d-PGJ(2)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of pharmacological effects on inflammation

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has physiological properties including pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, though it binds strongly to serum albumin. The use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) can improve therapeutic properties increasing drug efficiency and availability. 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN was therefore developed and investigated in terms of its immunomodulatory potential. 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN and unloaded SLN were physicochemically characterized and experiments in vivo were performed. Animals were pretreated with 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN at concentrations of 3, 10 or 30 mu g.kg(-1) before inflammatory stimulus with carrageenan (Cg), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or mBSA (immune response). Interleukins (IL-1 beta, IL-10 and IL-17) levels were also evaluated in exudates. The 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN system showed good colloidal parameters and encapsulation efficiency of 96%. The results showed that the formulation was stable for up to 120 days with low hemolytic effects. The 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN formulation was able to reduce neutrophil migration in three inflammation models tested using low concentrations of 15d-PGJ(2). Additionally, 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN increased IL-10 levels and reduced IL-1 beta as well as IL-17 in peritoneal fluid. The new 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN formulation highlights perspectives of a potent anti-inflammatory system using low concentrations of 15d-PGJ(2).15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, has physiological properties including pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, though it binds strongly to serum albumin. The use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) can improve therapeutic properties increasing drug efficiency and availability. 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN was therefore developed and investigated in terms of its immunomodulatory potential. 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN and unloaded SLN were physicochemically characterized and experiments in vivo were performed. Animals were pretreated with 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN at concentrations of 3, 10 or 30 mu g.kg(-1) before inflammatory stimulus with carrageenan (Cg), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or mBSA (immune response). Interleukins (IL-1 beta, IL-10 and IL-17) levels were also evaluated in exudates. The 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN system showed good colloidal parameters and encapsulation efficiency of 96%. The results showed that the formulation was stable for up to 120 days with low hemolytic effects. The 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN formulation was able to reduce neutrophil migration in three inflammation models tested using low concentrations of 15d-PGJ(2). Additionally, 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN increased IL-10 levels and reduced IL-1 beta as well as IL-17 in peritoneal fluid. The new 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN formulation highlights perspectives of a potent anti-inflammatory system using low concentrations of 15d-PGJ(2)118e0161796FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2014/11016-8303555/2013-