Estudo comparativo para gestão das atividades de manutenção e reabilitação de pavimentos em SIG

Num contexto de sustentabilidade urbana, as ruas pavimentadas representam um valioso patrimônio, cuja conservação é essencial para garantir diversos objetivos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. Quando os custos de conservação são maiores que os recursos disponíveis, as prioridades podem ser definidas com base em um conjunto de critérios técnicos, mensuráveis ou aspectos relativos a condições subjetivas e dependentes do contexto de cada cidade. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é comparar cenários gerados com base em diferentes mapas de prioridades, desenvolvidos através de um modelo que recorre à Análise Multicriterial e ao Sistema de Informação Geográfica. No estudo de caso foi adotada uma base de dados georreferenciados da cidade de São Carlos-SP, com as características associadas às ruas pavimentadas. Pode-se destacar a flexibilidade quando se insere ou se retira algum critério da estrutura de decisão, aliada à facilidade de trabalhar com mapas representativos de alternativas que condicionam a análise

Performance Evaluation of Network Anomaly Detection Systems

Nowadays, there is a huge and growing concern about security in information and communication technology (ICT) among the scientific community because any attack or anomaly in the network can greatly affect many domains such as national security, private data storage, social welfare, economic issues, and so on. Therefore, the anomaly detection domain is a broad research area, and many different techniques and approaches for this purpose have emerged through the years. Attacks, problems, and internal failures when not detected early may badly harm an entire Network system. Thus, this thesis presents an autonomous profile-based anomaly detection system based on the statistical method Principal Component Analysis (PCADS-AD). This approach creates a network profile called Digital Signature of Network Segment using Flow Analysis (DSNSF) that denotes the predicted normal behavior of a network traffic activity through historical data analysis. That digital signature is used as a threshold for volume anomaly detection to detect disparities in the normal traffic trend. The proposed system uses seven traffic flow attributes: Bits, Packets and Number of Flows to detect problems, and Source and Destination IP addresses and Ports, to provides the network administrator necessary information to solve them. Via evaluation techniques, addition of a different anomaly detection approach, and comparisons to other methods performed in this thesis using real network traffic data, results showed good traffic prediction by the DSNSF and encouraging false alarm generation and detection accuracy on the detection schema. The observed results seek to contribute to the advance of the state of the art in methods and strategies for anomaly detection that aim to surpass some challenges that emerge from the constant growth in complexity, speed and size of today’s large scale networks, also providing high-value results for a better detection in real time.Atualmente, existe uma enorme e crescente preocupação com segurança em tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC) entre a comunidade científica. Isto porque qualquer ataque ou anomalia na rede pode afetar a qualidade, interoperabilidade, disponibilidade, e integridade em muitos domínios, como segurança nacional, armazenamento de dados privados, bem-estar social, questões econômicas, e assim por diante. Portanto, a deteção de anomalias é uma ampla área de pesquisa, e muitas técnicas e abordagens diferentes para esse propósito surgiram ao longo dos anos. Ataques, problemas e falhas internas quando não detetados precocemente podem prejudicar gravemente todo um sistema de rede. Assim, esta Tese apresenta um sistema autônomo de deteção de anomalias baseado em perfil utilizando o método estatístico Análise de Componentes Principais (PCADS-AD). Essa abordagem cria um perfil de rede chamado Assinatura Digital do Segmento de Rede usando Análise de Fluxos (DSNSF) que denota o comportamento normal previsto de uma atividade de tráfego de rede por meio da análise de dados históricos. Essa assinatura digital é utilizada como um limiar para deteção de anomalia de volume e identificar disparidades na tendência de tráfego normal. O sistema proposto utiliza sete atributos de fluxo de tráfego: bits, pacotes e número de fluxos para detetar problemas, além de endereços IP e portas de origem e destino para fornecer ao administrador de rede as informações necessárias para resolvê-los. Por meio da utilização de métricas de avaliação, do acrescimento de uma abordagem de deteção distinta da proposta principal e comparações com outros métodos realizados nesta tese usando dados reais de tráfego de rede, os resultados mostraram boas previsões de tráfego pelo DSNSF e resultados encorajadores quanto a geração de alarmes falsos e precisão de deteção. Com os resultados observados nesta tese, este trabalho de doutoramento busca contribuir para o avanço do estado da arte em métodos e estratégias de deteção de anomalias, visando superar alguns desafios que emergem do constante crescimento em complexidade, velocidade e tamanho das redes de grande porte da atualidade, proporcionando também alta performance. Ainda, a baixa complexidade e agilidade do sistema proposto contribuem para que possa ser aplicado a deteção em tempo real

On the semi-dynamical reflection equation: solutions and structure matrices

Explicit solutions of the non-constant semi-dynamical reflection equation are constructed, together with suitable parametrizations of their structure matrices. Considering the semi-dynamical reflection equation with rational non-constant Arutyunov-Chekhov-Frolov structure matrices, and a specific meromorphic ansatz, it is found that only two sets of the previously found constant solutions are extendible to the non-constant case. In order to simplify future constructions of spin-chain Hamiltonians, a parametrization procedure is applied explicitly to all elements of the semi-dynamical reflection equation available. Interesting expressions for `twists' and R-matrices entering the parametrization procedure are found. In particular, some expressions for the R-matrices seem to appear here for the first time. In addition, a new set of consistent structure matrices for the semi-dynamical reflection equation is obtained.Comment: typos corrected and some comments adde

Evaluation of the Non-Conventional Yeast Starmerella Bacillaris as Biocontrol Agent and Selected Starter for Alcoholic Beverages Production

Yeasts are the main protagonists of the alcoholic fermentation and strongly influence the final characteristics of wine and other alcoholic beverages. In winemaking, during spontaneous fermentation, this process is carried out by indigenous yeasts present on the grape berry and there is a progressive growth pattern of different yeast species, with the final stages invariably being dominated by the alcohol-tolerant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This species is universally known as the ‘wine yeast’ and is widely preferred for initiating wine fermentations. From a technological point of view spontaneous grape juice fermentations sometime become stuck or sluggish. This lack of reproducibility and predictability has favored, in the past, the use of yeast starters, generally composed of single strains of S. cerevisiae. Selected S. cerevisiae strains predominate during must fermentation, ensure rapid and reliable grape juice fermentation and, as consequence, consistent and predictable wine quality. However, there has been increasing recognition that wines made with Saccharomyces starter cultures are less complex, producing standardized wines. In fact, during spontaneous fermentation many other species (the so call non–Saccharomyces yeasts) are present in the grape must and traditionally they were considered deleterious as responsible for some wine off-flavors. Recently, the role of non-Saccharomyces species has been re-evaluated as some of them has been proposed as co-starter to simulate natural must fermentation and to confer greater complexity and specificity to the wine. In this context, the thesis project was developed in order to select new non-Saccharomyces yeast strains from fermenting musts of overripe grape berries. This stage of grape ripening is characterized to be more susceptible to infection of fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, whom yeasts present on the berry surface have to compete with. Thirty-six isolates were identified as Starmerella bacillaris isolated from destemmed dried grape of Raboso Piave variety, grown on Bagnoli DOC (Appellation of Origin) area (North-East of Italy). This species is recently proven to be of oenological interest mainly for its high glycerol production. Among them, 14 strains were phenotypically characterized and, for the first time, the antifungal activity of S. bacillaris species against B. cinerea and P. expansum were demonstrated. Moreover, fermentation performances of S. bacillaris strains were evaluated in synthetic, grape and apple musts (for the first time in cider production). When tested in sequential fermentations with S. cerevisiae this yeast improved the quality of wine and cider. The obtained results indicate that S. bacillaris can be proposed as biocontrol agent on grape in vineyard and during postharvest on stored apples and its presence on fruit surface positively influences the following juice fermentation. Therefore the released of this yeast in the vineyard can increase the sustainability of the production process and the final wine quality. The obtained results provide a solid basis for a new management of yeast used for winemaking and other alcoholic beverage production and open new prospects for a more integrated strategy to increase wine quality. Then, in this thesis, new S. bacillaris characteristics were evaluated in order to improve alcoholic beverages quality, such as mannoproteins and glutathione production. The quantification of these compounds was determined at the end of fermentation in synthetic must. S. bacillaris was proved to produce different mannoproteins with functional characteristics related to wine stability. Mannoproteins extracted from S. bacillaris cultures presented great potential in increasing the protein stabilization, while if they were produced during sequential fermentation with S. cerevisiae, enhanced the tartaric stabilization. Moreover, in this thesis, a very high glutathione content was demonstrated in S. bacillaris cells after fermentation. Therefore, yeast lees obtained from S. bacillaris fermentations can be proposed as as glutathione source. In the last part of this thesis the aim was to understand the genomic determinants of S. bacillaris technological traits described in the previous parts. Therefore. the whole-genome sequence of two relevant S. bacillaris strains was performed. By means of genome comparisons between the two S. bacillaris strains and between S. bacillaris, S. cerevisiae and other oenological yeasts, specific genes and metabolic pathways involved in technologically-relevant traits were identified and studied

Characteristics of the dairy goat primary sector at the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

A survey was done based on 19 goat shepherds at counties of Centre-highlands, Northern and North-western regions of the Rio de Janeiro State and at the county of Pedra Dourada, Zona da Mata region, State of Minas Gerais. We aimed to characterise the primary sector of the goat milk production chain settled at those regions. Therefore, questionnaires were applied in order to depict profiles of the shepherds, their families, the role of the wife in the activity, the resources available, dependence on income generated by the activity, and how producers administrate their business. Farms were distributed in five strata according to the following daily milk production averages and standard deviations: 8.8 ± 0.9, 15.7 ± 3.9, 22.6 ± 2.7, 34.4 ± 3.4, and 183.8 ± 54.2 L/d. Approximately 42% of the interviewed producers conducted their activities according to a household production model and the income earned was exclusively from the dairy goat husbandry. Sons and daughters performed an important role in the business (27.80%), but most of them (62.73%) worked out at non farm activities. The percentage of wives that worked directly in the activity (@47%) indicated that it could contribute to gender equity in the rural environment. Most of the production systems (63.16%) presented positive gross margins. We have noticed, however, that shepherds perceived only the business gross margin and that the most accurate registries taken were those related to revenues. In general, producers of the higher strata were favoured by their larger production scale, but asymptotic behaviours for costs and amounts invested in animals, equipments and buildings were observed. These characteristics should be considered when policies related to the dairy goat primary sector have to be planned

"Tout autre est tout autre": direitos humanos e perspectivismo semântico-transcendental

A impossibilidade de se fundamentar os direitos humanos hoje de maneira satisfatória, sem recorrer a modelos essencialistas ou metafísicos, parece correlata à universalidade de sua defesa e promoção. Uma abordagem fenomenológica favorece uma leitura perspectivista da alteridade, tornando altamente defensável e razoável que se aplique uma semântica transcendental ao problema da fundamentação dos direitos humano

Um sistema remoto de monitoramento de dados com base em MQTT para eficiência energética em ambientes industriais

The concept of the new industry seeks not only to improve production processes, but also to bring solutions to environmental problems, in addition to reducing resource consumption, while maintaining high yields. This constant search for process optimization has been the main agent in the development of new technologies aimed at improving the performance of industrial production lines. Thus, this article proposes to raise some important concepts of Industry 4.0, and present the development of a remote IoT-based system that, through MQTT and Modbus protocols, will be responsible for monitoring the entire electrical network of an industrial plant, sending its data to the cloud, where it can be monitored and analyzed by the industry management sector or even by an artificial intelligence system, in a simple and effective way, in real time and from anywhere, in order to assist in decision-making focused on energy efficiency.O conceito da nova indústria busca não só melhorar os processos de produção, mas também trazer soluções para os problemas ambientais, além de reduzir o consumo de recursos, mantendo os rendimentos elevados. Essa busca constante pela otimização de processos tem sido o principal agente no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que visam a melhoria do desempenho das linhas de produção industrial. Assim, este artigo se propõe a levantar alguns conceitos importantes da Indústria 4.0, e apresentar o desenvolvimento de um sistema remoto baseado em IoT que, através dos protocolos MQTT e Modbus, será responsável por monitorar toda a rede elétrica de uma planta industrial, enviando seus dados para a nuvem, onde podem ser monitorados e analisados pelo setor de gestão da indústria ou mesmo por um sistema de inteligência artificial, de forma simples e eficaz, em tempo real e de qualquer lugar, a fim de auxiliar na tomada de decisões com foco na eficiência energética

Estudo de mapas de priorização de pavimetos urbanos com o uso de SIG e a metodologia de análise multicritério

A priorização de seções de vias urbanas pavimentadas se faz necessária principalmente quando os custos das atividades de manutenção e reabilitação dos pavimentos são maiores de que os recursos disponíveis para as mesmas. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de mapas de prioridades com a aplicação da Metodologia de Análise Multicritério agregada a um Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Tem por objetivo o estudo comparativo entre mapas temáticos quando da inserção de novos critérios de decisão. O estudo de caso realizado na cidade de São Carlos- SP, utilizando-se levantamento da condição do pavimento de toda a malha viária, permitiu avaliar as vias urbanas prioritárias às atividades de M&R com relação à sua localização, condição do pavimento, hierarquia viária e custos das estratégias previstas.The prioritization of urban roadways is necessary when the costs of pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R) are larger than the available resources. In this context, this work presents the development of priorities maps based on Multicriteria Decision Analysis and GIS (Geographical Information System). The main goal of this work is to accomplish a comparative study among thematic maps when new decision criteria are inserted. The case study performed at the city of Sao Carlos, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, used a data bank available from previous research works on pavement evaluation. Thus, it was possible the evaluation of an urban roads prioritization program based on pavement condition, roads hierarchy, costs of M & R strategies and location