A Possível Competência do Tribunal Penal Internacional para Julgar Casos de Ecocídio no Brasil e as Inovações no Direito Internacional Ambiental

The ineffectiveness of accountability measures in the case of environmental crimes that affect the right to life, health and other fundamental rights in the Brazilian domestic scenario, it is up to International Environmental Law to present possible alternatives in the international scenario in order to seek ways to ensure measures that address a greater protection of the environment, an essential value. In Brazil, social and environmental tragedies have occurred in recent years, such as the bursting of mining dams in the state of Minas Gerais, the increase of wildfires and deforestation in the Amazon, the destruction of ancestral and indigenous communities' lands, the increase of problems involving damage to the environment in cities, which has led to the violation of people's right to quality of life, among other serious environmental problems and crimes. In this context, the movement called Ecocide arises, which represents large-scale destruction of the environment. Thus, the present research aims to develop an analysis of Ecocide in Brazil and the possible innovations on this subject in the field of International Environmental Law. In the methodological field, the research comprehends a hypothetical-deductive approach method, with bibliographical research techniques, in which specialized literature in the environmental area will be used, and international literature involving Ecocide and the main documents produced by international organs such as the United Nations and the reports of the International Criminal Court, the competent organ to judge cases of Ecocide in the countries that integrate this international system. Considering the relevance of this court, a study of its procedures and functioning will be carried out. In this sense, it will be verified the possibility of framing environmental tragedies that occurred in Brazil, characterized as Ecocide in order to seek international accountability of those responsible for the damage in international courts, given the low effectiveness of national courts.A ineficácia de medidas de responsabilização em caso de crimes ambientais que afetam o direito à vida, saúde e outros direitos fundamentais no cenário interno brasileiro, cabe ao Direito Internacional Ambiental apresentar possíveis alternativas no cenário internacional a fim de buscar meio de garantir medidas que tratem de uma maior proteção do meio ambiente, valor imprescindível. No Brasil, destaca-se nos últimos anos a ocorrência que tragédias socioambientais como o rompimento de barragens de mineração no Estado de Minas Gerais, o aumento das queimadas e desmatamento na Amazônia, a destruição de terras de comunidades ancestrais e indígenas, o aumento de problemas envolvendo danos ao meio ambiente nas cidades, o que tem levado à violação do direito à qualidade de vida das pessoas, dentre outros graves problemas e crimes ambientais. Neste contexto surge o movimento denominado Ecocídio, o qual representa os crimes e tragédias ambientais em grande escala. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetiva desenvolver uma análise sobre o Ecocídio no Brasil e as possíveis inovações sobre este tema no campo do Direito Internacional do Meio Ambiente. No campo metodológico, a pesquisa compreende um método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, com técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, na qual será utilizada a teoria e a legislação ambiental nacional e internacional envolvendo o Ecocídio e os principais documentos produzidos por órgãos internacionais como a Organização das Nações Unidas e relatórios do Tribunal Penal Internacional, órgão competente para o julgamento de casos de Ecocídio nos países que integram este sistema internacional. Considerando a relevância deste tribunal, será realizado um estudo sobre seus procedimentos e funcionamento. Neste sentido será verificada a possibilidade de se enquadrar tragédias ambientais ocorridas no Brasil, caracterizadas como Ecocídio a fim de se buscar a responsabilização internacional dos responsáveis pelos danos em tribunais internacionais, diante da baixa efetividade dos tribunais nacionais

Perfil epidemiológico de portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e de diabetes mellitus do bairro martins no município de Rio Verde/GO / Epidemiological profile of patients with systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the martins district of Rio Verde/GO

As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) são consideradas atualmente, como um sério problema de saúde, resultantes de diversos fatores, determinantes sociais e condicionantes, além de fatores de risco individuais. A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e o Diabetes Mellitus (DM) estão entre as mais comuns no mundo, apresentam grande severidade e são consideradas como problemas de saúde pública de alta magnitude, pois além de consumirem alto custo social, causam um impacto no aumento da morbimortalidade das populações acometidas por essas moléstias. Com o objetivo de apresentar o perfil epidemiológico de adultos com HAS e DM residente do Bairro Martins no município de Rio Verde, realizou-se a busca ativa dos portadores dessas moléstias no bairro em questão. Posteriormente, aplicou-se um questionário com 24 questões objetivas que avaliava características demográficas, nutricionais, sobre presença de morbidades e fatores de risco. A população estudada apresentou prevalência de HAS e/ou DM (27,57%), sedentarismo (68,6%), consumo de álcool (16,9%), alimentação inadequada (82,5%), história de tabagismo (55,7%) e IMC elevado (62,6%). A maioria da população é adulta, com média de 45 anos e do gênero feminino (64%). A partir destas perspectivas espera-se que sejam implementadas ações pelos profissionais das ESF de Rio Verde, levando ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas específicas, buscando a redução na incidência e no impacto das DCNT

PMS2:a potential prognostic protein marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma

An increase in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases was observed despite the reduction in exposure to classic risk factors. Although the exact cause of this trend remains unknown, epigenetic factors could be contributing to an increased occurrence of these tumors. This study aims to assess the influence of PMS2 protein immunoexpression on the prognosis of patients with OSCC. This study comprised 76 cases of OSCC treated between 2011 and 2016. Immunohistochemical staining for PMS2 was performed. For evaluation, 10 fields per histological section were photographed at a 400x magnification and positively-stained cells were counted with Image J. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the immunolabeling pattern with the clinical-pathological and prognostic characteristics. Survival analysis was performed with Chi-square, Long-Rank Mantel-Cox and Cox regression tests (p60%; p=0.041) were associated with low survival (p=0.029). In multivariate analysis, surgery combined with chemotherapy (p=0.030) and high PMS2 immunoexpression (p=0.042) significantly increased the risk of death for ?60 years old patients. The findings of this study indicate that PMS2 can be a potential prognostic protein marker in OSCC patients 60 years of age and younger

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Determinação da qualidade da carne com uso da espectofotometria de reflectância

Besides the growing demand for meat products, their quality has been increasingly preconized by consumers. By definition, meat quality can be perceived by their sensory attributes (color, texture, taste and smell), technological (pH and water holding capacity), nutrient (chemical composition), health (absence of infectious agents) and also by ethical attributes surrounding its production. Conventional methods for determining the quality of the meat are destructive, time consuming and use large amounts of sample. The reflectance spectroscopy, an analytical technique based on the achievement of spectral readings of the wavelengths of the samples, it has been highlighted by the absence of these negative characteristics. The effectivation of using non-destructive technologies in meat can result in practical benefits for industry. Researchers have aimed to identify high correlations between the conventional methods of analysis with the reflectance values. To determine the chemical composition of meat results have been satisfactory, but for the other attributes that technology has shown limitations, with widely divergent results in the literature.Al&eacute;m da crescente demanda por produtos c&aacute;rneos, a qualidade destes tem sido cada vez mais preconizada pelos consumidores.&nbsp; Por defini&ccedil;&atilde;o, a qualidade da carne pode ser percebida pelos seus atributos sensoriais (cor, textura, sabor e odor), tecnol&oacute;gicos (pH e capacidade de reten&ccedil;&atilde;o de &aacute;gua), nutricionais (composi&ccedil;&atilde;o qu&iacute;mica), sanit&aacute;rios (aus&ecirc;ncia de agentes contagiosos) e tamb&eacute;m pelos atributos &eacute;ticos que envolvem sua produ&ccedil;&atilde;o. Os m&eacute;todos convencionais de determina&ccedil;&atilde;o da qualidade da carne s&atilde;o destrutivos, demorados e utilizam grande quantidade de amostra. A espectroscopia de reflect&acirc;ncia, t&eacute;cnica anal&iacute;tica baseada na realiza&ccedil;&atilde;o de leituras espectrais dos comprimentos de ondas, tem se destacado por n&atilde;o apresentar estas caracter&iacute;sticas negativas. A efetiva&ccedil;&atilde;o do uso de tecnologias n&atilde;o destrutivas em carnes pode resultar em vantagens pr&aacute;ticas para a ind&uacute;stria. Os pesquisadores t&ecirc;m buscado identificar correla&ccedil;&otilde;es altas entre os m&eacute;todos convencionais de an&aacute;lises com os valores de reflect&acirc;ncia. Para determina&ccedil;&atilde;o da composi&ccedil;&atilde;o qu&iacute;mica da carne os resultados t&ecirc;m sido adequados, por&eacute;m para os demais atributos essa tecnologia tem apresentado limita&ccedil;&otilde;es, com resultados bastante divergentes na literatura

Evaluation of Commercial Ropes Applied as Artificial Tendons in Robotic Rehabilitation Orthoses

International audienceThis study aims to present the design, selection and testing of commercial ropes (artificial tendons) used on robotic orthosis to perform the hand movements for stroke individuals over upper limb rehabilitation. It was determined the load applied in the rope would through direct measurements performed on four individuals after stroke using a bulb dynamometer. A tensile strength test was performed using eight commercial ropes in order to evaluate the maximum breaking force and select the most suitable to be used in this application. Finally, a pilot test was performed with a user of the device to ratify the effectiveness of the rope. The load on the cable was 12.38 kgf (121.4 N) in the stroke-affected hand, which is the maximum tensile force that the rope must to supports. Paragliding rope (DuPont™ Kevlar ® ) supporting a load of 250 N at a strain of 37 mm was selected. The clinical test proved the effectiveness of the rope, supporting the requested efforts, without presenting permanent deformation, effectively performing the participant’s finger opening

Resident Population In Institutions Of Long Stay For Elderly

Objective: To describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of elderly living in long-stay institutions in the municipality of João Pessoa.Method: Cross-sectional study, descriptive, population character. This study consisted of 324 elderly, living in six long-stay institutions for elderly in the municipality of João Pessoa. Data was collected by means of questionnaires to the elderly and/or responsible people, and analysis of patient records, and it was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: 75.31% (244/324) are female. The average age between genres as 81.17 years, most unmarried, white; 53.69% unnaducated; 57.95% have an average of only 2.16 years of formal education; 64.46% were referred by relatives. Hypertension, osteoarticular and neurological diseases were the most prevalent medical conditions.Conclusion: It highlighted the importance of qualified healthcare professionals, the pressing need for public healthcare policies directed to the particularities of this population, and a greater presence of the State in the institutions