Synthesis of 4-amino-3,5-dicyano-arylpyrazoles : part 2 : isolation and characterization of by-products

Reaction of (dicyanomethylidene-hydrazino)benzoic acids with chloroacetonitrile, under basic conditions, gave cyanomethyl-3-(7-amino-3,5-dicyano-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-1-yl-benzoates and para substituted cyanomethyl benzoates, in addition to the expected cyanomethyl 3-(4-amino-3,5-dicyano-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-benzoates.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal). National Program for Scientific Re-equipment, contract REDE/1517/RMN/2005 with funds from POCI 2010 (FEDER) and FC

Experimental Determination of the Convective Coefficient of Heat Transfer Using the Global Capacitance Method

The heat transfer coefficient (h) is an extremely important variable in the evaluation of convective heat transfer, however, its determination is a great challenge due to the various factors that influence it: fluid viscosity, fluid density, specific heat of the fluid, thermal conductivity of the fluid, coefficient of volumetric expansion, fluid velocity. The objective of this work is the experimental determination of the convective heat transfer coefficient by means of the global capacitance method. Three test bodies, two cylindrical bodies and one spherical body were used. These specimens were individually heated in a stove, and heating was monitored by means of a thermocouple and a data logger. The results showed a good concordance between the values of h obtained experimentally and the literature

Substituted diaryl diselenides: Cytotoxic and apoptotic effect in human colon adenocarcinoma cells

AbstractAimsTo investigate the effects and study the underlying cell death mechanisms of diaryl diselenides, including: diphenyl diselenide (C6H5Se)2; 4-chlorodiphenyl diselenide (4-ClC6H4Se)2; 3-(trifluoromethyl)-diphenyl diselenide (3-CF3C6H4Se)2 and 4-methoxydiphenyl diselenide (4-MeOC6H4Se)2, on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29.Main methodsThe viability of HT-29 cells after exposure to the diaryl diselenides and its substituted structures was based on the MTT assay. To verify if cell death was mediated throughout apoptosis mechanisms, flow cytometry and real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses were conducted.Key findingsThe MTT assay and flow cytometry analyses showed that (3-CF3C6H4Se)2 and (4-MeOC6H4Se)2 induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis mechanisms in HT-29 cells. qPCR revealed there was an up-regulation of pro-apoptotic (Bax, casapase-9, caspase-8, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (EndoG)) and cell-cycle arrest genes (p53 and p21) and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 and survivin) and Myc genes.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that (3-CF3C6H4Se)₂ and (4-MeOC6H4Se)2 have the potential to induce apoptosis in HT-29 cells through the activation of caspase-dependent and independent pathways and through cell-cycle arrest

The Association of Field Test Outcomes with Peak Oxygen Uptake in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 1381-1394, 2022. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association of field test outcomes with peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to describe the main prediction equations available. Data searches were performed in five databases (Pubmed, Embase, LILACs, Scopus and Web of Science) and also in the reference lists of articles included. The following inclusion criteria were used: studies including individuals with CF, presenting both a field test and a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and describing a predictive equation or coefficient of correlation/determination. Case studies, abstracts, letters of reply, editorials and duplicate publications were excluded. The methodological quality analysis was performed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies scale. Protocol registration number: CRD42020148363. Ten studies were eligible. Five equations were found to predict VO2peak. Equations derived from the shuttle tests (ST) showed strong correlations with VO2peak (r = 0.79 to 0.95). The six-minute walk test (6MWT) showed moderate associations with VO2peak in participants with moderate disease severity (r = 0.53 to 0.65). Furthermore, patients with lower maximum heart rate on the three-minute step test tended to have a higher percent predicted VO2peak (r = -0.40), and the one-minute sit-to-stand test demonstrated moderate correlations between VO2peak and the number of repetitions (r = 0.52 to 0.66). In conclusion, field test outcomes correlate with oxygen consumption assessed through CPET, although only the ST seems to be valid as a predictor of VO2peak in patients with CF

Augmented plasma microparticles during acute Plasmodium vivax infection

Background: In the last few years, the study of microparticles (MPs) - submicron vesicles released from cells upon activation or apoptosis - has gained growing interest in the field of inflammation and in infectious diseases. Their role in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax remains unexplored. Because acute vivax malaria has been related to pro-inflammatory responses, the main hypothesis investigated in this study was that Plasmodium vivax infection is associated with elevated levels of circulating MPs, which may play a role during acute disease in nonimmune patients. Methods: Plasma MPs were analysed among thirty-seven uncomplicated P. vivax infections from an area of unstable malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. The MP phenotype was analysed by flow cytometry using the classical MP marker, annexin, and fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies against specific cell surface markers. The frequencies of plasma MPs in P. vivax patients (n = 37) were further compared to malaria-unexposed controls (n = 15) and ovarian carcinoma patients (n = 12), a known MPs-inducing disease non-related to malaria. Results: The frequencies of plasma circulating MPs were markedly increased in P. vivax patients, as compared to healthy age-matched malaria-unexposed controls. Although platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes were the main cellular sources of MPs during vivax malaria, platelet derived-MPs (PMPs) increased in a linear fashion with the presence of fever at the time of blood collection (b = 0.06, p < 0.0001) and length of acute symptoms (b = 0.36, p < 0.0001). Finally, the results suggest that plasma levels of PMPs diminish as patient experience more episodes of clinical malaria (b = 0.07, p < 0.003). Conclusions: Abundant circulating MPs are present during acute P. vivax infection, and platelet derived-MPs may play a role on the acute inflammatory symptoms of malaria vivax

O papel dos cuidados continuados na reconstrução da autonomia

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Implications on Mineral Elements, Sugars and Fatty Acids Accumulation in Tissues

Funding Information: This work received funding from PDR2020-101-030734 and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), Portugal, through the research units UIDB/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec), UIDB/00239/2020 (CEF) and UID/FIS/04559/2020 (LIBPhys) from the FCT/MCTES/PIDDAC. This work was further supported by the grant of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) UI/BD/150718/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.Following an agronomic approach for the Ca enrichment of Rocha pears, this study aimed to assess the interactions between mineral nutrients in fruit tissues at harvest and after storage for 5 months and to characterize the implications on the profile of sugars and fatty acids (FA). A total of seven foliar sprays (with concentrations of 0.1–0.6 kg·ha−1 Ca(NO3)2 and 0.8–8 kg·ha−1 CaCl2) were applied to pear trees. After harvest, the fruits were stored for 5 months, in environmentally controlled chambers, and the mineral contents in five regions (on the equatorial section) of the fruits were assessed, while the sugar and FA content were quantified. For both dates, all foliar sprayed treatments, at different extends, increased Ca content in the center and near the epidermis of Rocha pear fruits and the levels of K, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu also varied. At harvest, the Ca treatments did not affect the levels of sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol and, after storage, their concentrations remained higher in Ca-treated fruits. Additionally, the tendency of the relative proportions of FA was C18:2 > C18:1 > C16:0 > C18:3 > C18:0 > chains inferior to 16 C ( C16:0 > C18:3 > C18:0 > C18:1 > chains inferior to 16 C (<16:0). It is concluded that the heterogeneous distribution of Ca in the tissues of Rocha pear fruits results from its absorption in the peel after Ca(NO3)2 and CaCl2 sprays and from the xylemic flux in the core prior to maturity. Additionally, the hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides affects the contents of simpler sugars during maturation, ripening and senescence, while storage decreases the amount of total fatty acids (TFA), but the double bond index (DBI) indicate that cell membrane fluidity remains unaffected.publishersversionpublishe

Mineral Monitorization in Different Tissues of Solanum tuberosum L. during Calcium Biofortification Process

Funding Information: This work received funding from PDR2020-101-030719 and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), Portugal, through the research units UIDP/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec), UIDB/00239/2020 (CEF), and UID/FIS/04559/2013 (LIBPhys). This work was further supported by the grant of the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) UI/BD/150806/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.Calcium is one of the 16 essential elements for plants, being required as Ca2+ and being involved in several fundamental processes (namely, in the stability and integrity of the cell wall, the development of plant tissue, cell division, and in stress responses). Moreover, Ca plays an important role in potato production. In this context, this study aimed to monitor the culture development (in situ and using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)) and the mineral content of four essential elements (Ca, P, K, and S) in different organs of Solanum tuberosum L. (roots, stems, leaves, and tubers) during a calcium biofortification process, carried out with two types of solutions (CaCl2 and Ca-EDTA) with two concentrations (12 and 24 kg∙ha−1). The calcium content generally increased in the S. tuberosum L. organs of both varieties and showed, after the last foliar application, an increase in Ca content that varied between 5.7–95.6% and 20.7–33%, for the Picasso and Agria varieties, respectively. The patterns of accumulation in both varieties during the biofortification process were different between the variety and mineral element. Regarding the quality analysis carried out during the development of the tubers, only the Agria variety was suitable for industrial processing after the last foliar application.publishersversionpublishe