Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas Revisado (IBD-R)

A review of the Athlete Burnout Inventory (ABI) offers an improved version of the first measurement tool of the syndrome that was used in our country. The ABI, which has made it possible to further knowledge of burnout from both a research and applied perspective, required best statistical fits which, among other issues, would ensure the best possible measurement of this psychological problem in athletes. The present state of the measurement of burnout appears in the introduction, reviewing its evolution. The basic characteristics of the 460 athletes forming the sample are described, in the section on methodology, and throughout the section on results, we find a series of psychometric indicators that lead us to be optimistic as to the developments achieved with ABI-R, as well as the burnout measurement it offers through its three dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Reduced Sense of Personal Accomplishment

New formulation and characterization of enhanced bulk-organic phase change materials

The main drawbacks faced by researchers to successfully implement organic-PCM as materials to improve the thermal performance of building systems are their low thermal conductivity, their high flammability, and their low thermal cycling stability. T In the present work, authors present a new enhanced PCM formulations aimed to solve the stated disadvantages in organic bulk-PCM. The new enhanced PCM were prepared by adding high thermal conductivity particles and two kinds of flame retardants into organic PCM (paraffin and fatty acid eutectic mixtures). In the first stage, the effective thermal conductivity of organic-PCM was increased by using two different methods: directly dispersion of powder graphite (PG) bulk-PCM and vacuum impregnation of PCM into expanded graphite (EG). In the second stage, the fire reaction behaviour of the thermal conductivity enhanced PCM formulations was improved by adding two kind of flame retardant: magnesium hydroxide and ammonium phosphate (APP).. Their fire reaction behaviour, thermal conductivity and thermophysical properties were measured by adapting the dripping test (UNE 23727-90), the hot-wire method and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The enhanced PCM composites show a self-extinguished behaviour in terms of fire performance mechanism. The EG working with endothermic and phosphates flame retardants improve the fire performance of PCM by acting as a synergic system and the thermal conductivity is increased. However, their thermal storage capacity is significant decreased due to the large amount of flame retardant added (up to 40%). The thermal reliability was also tested, the enhanced PCM composites were stable up to 1000 thermal cycles

Randomized controlled trial of Hepatitis B virus vaccine in HIV-1-infected patients comparing two different doses

BACKGROUND: Co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not infrequent as both share same route of exposure. The risk of developing chronic hepatitis B virus is 6%, in general population but can reach 10–20% in HBV/HIV co-infected patients. When compared to general population, the response rate to HBV vaccine in HIV-infected patients is diminished, so previous studies have tried to improve this response using variety of schedules, doses and co-administration of immunomodulators. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two doses of recombinant HBV vaccine (10 or 40 μg), IM at 0, 1 and 6 months. Vaccination response was measured 30–50 days after last dose; titers of >9.9 IU/L were considered positive. RESULTS: Seventy-nine patients were included, 48 patients (60.7%) serconverted. Thirty-nine patients (49.3%) received 10 μg vaccine dose, 24 patients (61.5%) seroconverted. Forty patients (50.7%) received 40 μg vaccine dose, 24 (60%) seroconverted. There were no differences between two doses. A statistically significant higher seroconversion rate was found for patients with CD4 cell counts at vaccination ≥ 200 cel/mm3 (33 of 38 patients, 86.8%), compared with those with CD4 < 200 cel/mm3 (15 of 41, 36.6%), [OR 11.44, 95% IC 3.67–35.59, p = 0.003], there were no differences between two vaccine doses. Using the logistic regression model, CD(4 )count <200 cel/mm(3 )were significantly associated with non serologic response (p = 0.003). None other variables such as gender, age, risk exposure for HIV, viral load, type or duration of HAART or AIDS-defining illness, were asociated with seroconversion. CONCLUSION: In this study, an increase dose of HBV vaccine did not show to increase the rate of response in HIV infected subjects. The only significant findings associated to the response rate was that a CD4 count ≥ 200 cel/mm(3), we suggest this threshold at which HIV patients should be vaccinated

Influence of Proton Conducting Cations on the Structure and Properties of 2D Anilate-Based Magnets

The syntheses, structures, magnetic, and proton conductivity properties of a family of bimetallic anilate-based compounds with inserted alkylammonium cations are presented. The structures of (Me2NH2)[MnIICrIII(Br2An)3]·2H2O (1), (Et2NH2)[MnIICrIII(Br2An)3] (2), (Et3NH)[MnIICrIII(Cl2An)3] (3), and [(Et)(i-Pr)2NH]-[MnIICrIII(Br2An)3]·(CHCl3)0.5·(H2O) (4) contain a 2D anionic network formed by Mn(II) and Cr(III) ions linked through anilate ligands. In 1, 2, and 3, the hexagonal holes of this network are occupied by Me2NH2+, Et2NH2+, or Et3NH+ cations. Interestingly, the small increase of size of the templating cation in 4 ([(Et)(i-Pr)2NH]+ in the place of Me2NH2+, Et2NH2+ or Et3NH+), gives rise to a different structure with half of the cations placed within the layers and the other one in the space between the layers. This leads to bilayers with an interlayer separation similar to those of 1, 2, and 3 separated by larger interbilayer distances. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 show a ferrimagnetic ordering with a Tc of 8.0 K (1), 8.9 K (2), and 8.0 K (3). In 4, the presence of different interlayer distances leads to a metamagnetic behavior when the sample is measured in contact with the mother liquor. The behavior changes in the dry sample, which shows a ferrimagnetic ordering as that of 1, 2, and 3 due to collapse of the structure as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, the metamagnetic behavior is recovered after reimmersing the crystals in the mother liquor proving the reversibility of the process. All solids are Grotthuss-type proton conductors with conductivity values ranging between 2.3 × 10−6 S·cm−1 for 3 and 2.4 × 10−5 S·cm−1 for 1 measured at 70 °C and 95% relative humidity and activation energies of ∼0.2 eV.EU (ERC Advanced Grant SPINMOL) CTQ2014-52758-P, MAT-2014-56143-R y MAT2016-77648-R del MINECO Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu MDM-2015-0538 de la Generalitat Valenciana P12-FQM-1656 de la Junta de Andalucí

A medida da síndrome do burnout em atletas: uma perspectiva multidimensional

El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es comparar dos instrumentos de medida del burnout en deportistas: el Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas-Revisado (IBD-R) y el Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Ambos modelos de medida asumen una composición tridimensional del síndrome existiendo supuestamente un paralelismo conceptual entre dimensiones. Los análisis de correlaciones realizados entre subescalas supuestamente equivalentes muestran, no obstante, que sólo existe un buen grado de convergencia entre una de las subescalas (Agotamiento Emocional del IBD-R y Agotamiento Físico y Emocional del ABQ). Otras dos subescalas que deberían converger (Reducida Realización Personal del IBD-R y Reducida Sensación de Logro del ABQ) muestran un grado de convergencia menor del esperado y las subescalas de Despersonalización del IBD-R y Devaluación de la Práctica Deportiva del ABQ apenas evidencian relación. Las disonancias teóricas y psicométricas observadas nos hacen reflexionar acerca de desarrollo de un nuevo modelo que integre los componentes del burnout no convergentesThe aim of this work is to compare two instruments of measurement of burnout in athletes: Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas-Revisado (IBD-R) and the Spanish version of Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Both measurement models assume a three-dimensional composition of burnout syndrome, that is allegedly parallel. The analyses of correlations between scales, supposedly equivalent, allows us to conclude that there is only a good degree of convergence between the scales Emotional Exhaustion of IBD-R and Emotional and Physical Exhaustion of the ABQ. The scale Reduced Accomplishment (with the same name in the two instruments) shows a degree of convergence lower than expected and the scales of Depersonalization of IBD-R and Devaluation of the Sport Practice of the ABQ barely show relationship. Theoretical and psychometric dissonances observed make us think about the future development of a model that integrates the components of the burnout not converging in a single instrumentO principal objetivo deste trabalho é o de comparar dois instrumentos de medida da síndrome de burnout em atletas: el Inventario de burnout en Deportistas-Revisado (IBD-R) e a versão espanhola do Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Ambos os instrumentos apresentam uma composição tridimensional de burnout, assumindo o pressuposto de que existe um paralelismo conceptual entre as três dimensões. A análise de correlações entre as subescalas ou dimensões supostamente equivalentes evidenciam, todavia, que há apenas um bom grau de convergência entre uma das subescalas dos dois instrumentos (Exaustão emocional do IBD-R e Exaustão física e emocional do ABQ). A nível das outras duas subescalas que, também, deveriam apresentar correlações, constata-se que, por um lado, as subescalas Reduzida realização pessoal do IBD-R e a Reduzida sensação de resultados do ABQ evidenciam um grau de correlação abaixo do que é esperado e, por outro lado, as subescalas Despersonalização do IBD-R e a «Desvalorização da prática desportiva do ABQ apresentam apenas uma relação. As dissonâncias teóricas e psicométricas observadas levam-nos a refletir sobre o desenvolvimento de um novo modelo de medida de burnout, integrando componentes não convergentesS

Burnout em atletas: Prevalência da síndrome a través de duas medidas

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en una muestra de 442 deportistas y la relación entre padecer el síndrome, o algunas de sus dimensiones, y algunas variables significativas en el ámbito del deporte (género de los deportistas, edad, nivel competitivo y volumen de entrenamiento). Se aplicaron dos instrumentos de medida del burnout en deportistas, el Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas-Revisado (IBD-R) y el Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Para el análisis de datos (estadísticos descriptivos, distribución de frecuencias, pruebas t y análisis de varianza) se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS. Se han obtenido porcentajes similares sobre la prevalencia del síndrome con ambos cuestionarios. Cerca de un 4% padece el síndrome, existiendo ciertas diferencias en relación al género, nivel deportivo y volumen de entrenamiento. Los resultados nos hacen reflexionar acerca de la relevancia que tiene la prevalencia del síndrome en este entorno, y se plantean algunas estrategias de futuro encaminadas a su prevenciónThis work has studied the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in a sample of 442 athletes and the relationship between the syndrome, or some of its dimensions, and some significant variables in the field of sport (athletes gender, age, competitive level, and volume of training). Two instruments of measurement of burnout in athletes, the Burnout Inventory in Athletes (Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas-Revisado, IBD-R) and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) have been applied. For data analysis (descriptive statistics, frequencies distribution, t test and analysis of variance) we used the statistical package SPSS. Similar percentages have been obtained on the prevalence of the syndrome with both questionnaires. About 4% of the athletes suffer from the syndrome, and there are certain differences in relation to gender, competitive level and volume of training. Results make us think about the relevance of its prevalence in sport context and some future strategies for its preventionEste trabalho estudou a prevalência da síndrome de burnout em uma amostra de 442 atletas e da relação entre a síndrome, ou alguma de suas dimensões, e algumas variáveis significativas no domínio do desporto (atletas de gênero, idade, nível competitivo, e volume de treinamento). Dois instrumentos de medida de burnout em atletas, o Inventário de Burnout em Atletas (Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas-Revisado, IBD-R) eo atleta Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) foram aplicadas. Para análise dos dados (estatística descritiva, distribuição de freqüências, teste t e análise de variância) foi utilizado o pacote estatístico SPSS. Percentagens semelhantes foram obtidos sobre a prevalência da síndrome com ambos os questionários. Cerca de 4% dos atletas sofrem com a síndrome, e há certas diferenças em relação ao sexo, nível competitivo e volume de treinamento. Os resultados fazem-nos pensar sobre a relevância da sua prevalência em contexto desportivo e algumas estratégias futuras para a sua prevençãoS

Efecto de fotodegradacion producido por recubrimientos de ti o 2 y ti o 2 si o 2 obtenidos por sol gel

El método sol-gel es adecuado para la fabricación de sistemas binarios, con propiedades de interés a nivel industrial. Al adicionar SiO2 a un sistema de TiO2, las propiedades generales de este último se verán modificadas. En el caso de las propiedades fotocatalíticas, la adición de un 30% de SiO2, afecta significativamente el comportamiento de este sistema aún si se compara con otro al que se ha adicionado solo un 10% de este óxido, haciéndolo mas eficiente en los procesos de fotodegradación del azul de metileno, presente en una solución de 3.5mM. Este efecto se estudio, analizando el espectro de absorbancia de una solución de azul de metileno, concretamente a 665nm, donde esta presenta su máximo de absorbancia

Modelación hidrológica con el modelo SWAT empleando diferentes distribuciones espaciales del tipo suelo en la cuenca del Río Mixteco

La cuenca del río Mixteco se ubica en el estado de Oaxaca, México y comprende una superficie total de 6 559.20 km2; esta presenta fuerte degradación de sus recursos naturales, derivado principalmente de las acciones antrópicas asociadas a una mala administración de sus recursos naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento del escurrimiento superficial mediante el modelo SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) en la cuenca del río Mixteco utilizando tanto la distribución espacial de suelo del INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) como la obtenida a través de la técnica de DSM (Mapeo Digital de Suelos). La modelación con INEGI (ModINEGI) correspondió al mapa edafológico de la Serie II escala 1:250,000 y la modelación con DSM (ModDSM) se obtuvo a partir de covariables ambientales. Los indicadores de evaluación del desempeño del modelo SWAT durante la fase de calibración fueron R2 = 0.88 y NSE = 0.87 para ModDSM y R2 = 0.85 y NSE = 0.85 para ModINEGI; sin embargo, durante el periodo de validación, los resultados de ModDSM (R2 = 0.83 y NSE = 0.81) fueron mejores que los de ModINEGI (R2 = 0.83 y NSE = 0.61). Por lo tanto, los resultados indican que la variación espacial de los tipos de suelo obtenida a través de la técnica de DSM, en combinación con la cobertura vegetal y la distribución de las pendientes a nivel cuenca, permiten al modelo SWAT simular de forma adecuada el comportamiento del escurrimiento superficial