Exploring High Operating Conditions in the Ibuprofen Precipitation by RESS Processin

Se ha explorado la micronización del ibuprofeno mediante una rápida expansión del proceso de soluciones supercríticas (RESS) para una amplia gama de condiciones de funcionamiento, incluidas temperaturas por encima del punto de fusión del ibuprofeno. Morfologías, tamaños de partícula (PS) y distribuciones de tamaño de partícula (PSD) se han analizado mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido y la cristalinidad se ha evaluado mediante mediciones de difracción de rayos X. Los posibles cambios estructurales en el fármaco después del procesamiento de fluidos supercríticos fueron evaluados por espectroscopia infrarroja de transformada de Fourier. También se han investigado los efectos de diferentes presiones (100 350 bar), temperaturas (308 353 K) y diámetros de boquilla (100 200 μm) sobre la precipitación de drogas. La morfología de las partículas precipitadas se mejoró en la mayoría de los casos en comparación con la materia prima, y el PS disminuyó. En general, las presiones más altas llevaron a tamaños de partícula más pequeños. Los tamaños de partícula más pequeños se obtuvieron a 318 y 333 K, y el polvo precipitado se obtuvo incluso a temperaturas por encima del punto de fusión del ibuprofeno. Un diámetro de boquilla más grande llevó a un tamaño de partícula más grande.Micronization of ibuprofen by a rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) process has been explored for a wide range of operating conditions, including temperatures above the melting point of ibuprofen. Morphologies, particle sizes (PSs), and particle size distributions (PSDs) have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the crystallinity has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction measurements. Possible structural changes in the drug after supercritical fluid processing were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of different pressures (100−350 bar), temperatures (308−353K), and nozzle diameters (100−200 μm) on the drug precipitation have also been investigated. The morphology of the precipitated particles was improved in the majority of cases in comparison to the raw material, and the PS decreased. In general, higher pressures led to smaller particle sizes. The smallest particle sizes were obtained at 318 and 333 K, and precipitated powder was obtained even at temperatures above the melting point of ibuprofen. A larger nozzle diameter led to a larger particle size

Influence of rebar design on mechanical behaviour of Tempcore steel

22nd European Conference on Fracture, ECF 2018; Metropol Palace Belgrade; Serbia; 25 August 2018 through 26 August 2018; Code 145523Tensile behaviour of metals beyond the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) must be considered to calculate toughness or absorbed energy till fracture. Structural steels, designed to withstand earthquakes, are the typical material where post necking behaviour can be of paramount importance. This paper deals with the tensile stress-strain behaviour of Tempcore Rebar, a specifically shaped structural steel. Helical, short ribs, formed by rolling, protrude from the cylindrical basic shape of the Rebar. This help in increasing concrete/steel adherence in reinforced structures. On the other hand, those ribs make it difficult to assess strain distribution in the necking area, according to well-known theories describing neck profile. New or modified experimental methods, along with new theoretical approaches must be developed to help in studying neck profile evolution and corresponding stresses in rebars. Advances in such methods and theories are presented in this paper along with comparison with Tempcore cylindrical bars necking behaviour. The effect of ribs is clearly identified

Influence of a Concurrent Exercise Training Intervention during Pregnancy on Maternal and Arterial and Venous Cord Serum Cytokines: The GESTAFIT Project

The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise-training program, from the 17th gestational week until delivery, on cytokines in maternal (at 17th and 35th gestational week, and at delivery) and arterial and venous cord serum. Fifty-eight Caucasian pregnant women (age: 33.5 +/- 4.7 years old, body mass index: 23.6 +/- 4.1kg/m(2)) from the GESTAFIT Project (exercise (n = 37) and control (n = 21) groups) participated in this quasi-experimental study (per-protocol basis). The exercise group followed a 60-min 3 days/week concurrent (aerobic-resistance) exercise-training from the 17th gestational week to delivery. Maternal and arterial and venous cord serum cytokines (fractalkine, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha) were assessed using Luminex xMAP technology. In maternal serum (after adjusting for the baseline values of cytokines), the exercise group decreased TNF-alpha (from baseline to 35th week, p = 0.02), and increased less IL-1 beta (from baseline to delivery, p = 0.03) concentrations than controls. When adjusting for other potential confounders, these differences became non-significant. In cord blood, the exercise group showed reduced arterial IL-6 and venous TNF-alpha (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively) and higher concentrations of arterial IL-1 beta (p = 0.03) compared to controls. The application of concurrent exercise-training programs could be a strategy to modulate immune responses in pregnant women and their fetuses. However, future research is needed to better understand the origin and clearance of these cytokines, their role in the maternal-placental-fetus crosstalk, and the influence of exercise interventions on them

MODY 2: report of two cases with a new gene mutation in GCK

La diabetes MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) comprende un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades monogénicas que se caracterizan por la disfunción de las células β. Se estima que ellas son responsables de 2-5% de los casos de diabetes. Se conocen más de 200 mutaciones en el gen de la glucoquinasa (GCK). En este trabajo se expone el caso de dos hermanas en las cuales se realizó el diagnóstico de MODY 2 a través del estudio genético, hallándose una mutación del gen de la GCK no descripto previamente en la bibliografía.MODY (maturity onset diabetes of the young) includes a heterogeneous group of monogenic diseases which are characterized by dysfunction of beta cells. It accounts for 2-5% of all cases of diabetes. Over 200 mutations in the glucokinase (GCK) gene are known. In this paper we discuss the cases of two sisters in which the diagnosis of MODY 2 was performed by genetic studies, and report the finding of a mutation in the GCK gene not previously described in the literature.Fil: Chiarpenello, J.. Centro de Endocrinología de Rosario; Argentina. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, L.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Riccobene, A.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Baella, A.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Strallnicof, M.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Castagnani, V.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, M.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Sermasi, V.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Laurenti, N.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Carretto, H.. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; Argentina. Centro de Endocrinología de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Baquedano, María Sonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin

Oral Administration of Human Polyvalent IgG by Mouthwash as an Adjunctive Treatment of Chronic Oral Candidiasis

Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that can cause disease ranging in severity from moderate to severe mucosal infections to more serious life-threating disseminated infections in severely immunocompromised hosts. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) occurs in patients with mutations in genes affecting IL-17-mediated immunity, such as STAT3, AIRE, RORC, CARD9, IL12B, and IL12RB1, or gain of function (GOF) mutations in STAT1. New strategies for the treatment of candidiasis are needed because of the increased burden of infections and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. In this study, we investigated an aspect of the role of antibodies in the control of C. albicans infection. We tested in vitro the effects of C. albicans opsonization with commercial human polyvalent intravenous IgG (IV IgG) on NADPH oxidase activity and killing of the fungi by blood leukocytes from 11 healthy donors and found a significant enhancement in both phenomena that was improved by IV IgG opsonization. Then, we hypothesized that the opsonization of Candida in vivo could help its elimination by mucosal phagocytes in human patients with mucocutaneous candidiasis. We tested a novel adjunctive treatment for oral candidiasis in humans based on topical treatment with IV IgG. For this purpose, we choose two pediatric patients with well-characterized primary immunodeficiencies who are susceptible to CMC. Two 8-year-old female patients with an autosomal recessive mutation in the IL12RB1 gene (P1, with oral candidiasis) and a GOF mutation in STAT1 (P2, with severe CMC persistent since the age of 8 months and resistant to pharmacological treatments) were treated with IV IgG administered daily three times a day as a mouthwash over the course of 2 weeks. The treatment with the IV IgG mouthwash reduced C. albicans mouth infection by 98 and 70% in P1 and P2, respectively, after 13 days, and complete fungal clearance was observed after complementary nystatin and caspofungin treatments, respectively. Therefore, treatment of oral candidiasis with human polyvalent IgG administered as a mouthwash helps eliminate mucosal infection in humans, circumventing drug resistance, and opening its potential use in patients with primary or transient immunodeficiency

Photodegradation Diuron herbicide with TiO2-Al2O3 catalysts supported on graphene nanoplatelets

Objective: To photodegrade Diuron with TiO2-Al2O3 nanomaterials supported on graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) Design/methodology/approach: The synthesis of the materials was carried out by the sol-gel method under mild conditions. Subsequently, the obtained materials were subjected to thermal processing for structural stabilization and pulverized. Synthesized nanomaterials were then characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Uv-Vis spectroscopy. Results: The adsorption/desorption results indicated that the ternary TiO2-Al2O3/GnPs nanomaterials were found to have complex porosity, which suggested that TiO2-Al2O3 was formed on agglomerated GnPs. X-ray diffraction data revealed that the anatase phase of TiO2 and the g-Al2O3 phase coexist with the crystalline phase of graphene. The morphology of the materials indicates that the nanoplatelets were randomly dispersed in a continuous mixed oxide phase. About the UV analysis, the presence of GnPs at 1 wt % concentration reduces the band gap by 6%. Limitations on study/implications: The physical and chemical properties of GnPs make the material an excellent candidate for the degradation of pollutants by photocatalysis. Findings/conclusions: The addition of GnPs improved the Diuron degradation, probably by forming a nanostructured interface or heterojunction.  Objective: To photodegrade Diuron with TiO2-Al2O3 nanomaterials supported on graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) Design/methodology/approach: The synthesis of the materials was carried out by the sol-gel method under mild conditions. Subsequently, the obtained materials were subjected to thermal processing for structural stabilization and pulverized. Synthesized nanomaterials were then characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Uv-Vis spectroscopy. Results: The adsorption/desorption results indicated that the ternary TiO2-Al2O3/GnPs nanomaterials were found to have complex porosity, which suggested that TiO2-Al2O3 was formed on agglomerated GnPs. X-ray diffraction data revealed that the anatase phase of TiO2 and the g-Al2O3 phase coexist with the crystalline phase of graphene. The morphology of the materials indicates that the nanoplatelets were randomly dispersed in a continuous mixed oxide phase. About the UV analysis, the presence of GnPs at 1 wt % concentration reduces the band gap by 6%. Limitations on study/implications: The physical and chemical properties of GnPs make the material an excellent candidate for the degradation of pollutants by photocatalysis. Findings/conclusions: The addition of GnPs improved the Diuron degradation, probably by forming a nanostructured interface or heterojunctio