On the generating function of weight multiplicities for the representations of the Lie algebra C2C_2

We use the generating function of the characters of $C_2$ to obtain a generating function for the multiplicities of the weights entering in the irreducible representations of that simple Lie algebra. From this generating function we derive some recurrence relations among the multiplicities and a simple graphical recipe to compute them.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1304.720

Performance optimization in switched reluctance motor drives

In this paper, switched reluctance motors (SRM) are proposed as an alternative for electric power assisted steering (EPAS) applications. A prototype machine has been developed as very attractive design for a steering electric motor, both from a cost and size perspective. A fourphase 8/6 SRM drive is designed for a rack type EPAS which should provide a maximum force of 10 kN. Two-dimension finite element analysis is used to validate the design

Stereochemical aspects and the synthetic scope of the SHi at the sulfur atom. Preparation of enantiopure 3-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1,2- benzoisothiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides

Intramolecular homolytic substitution (SHi) on the sulfur atom at acyclic N-(o-bromobenzyl)sulfinamides takes place with a complete inversion of the configuration and provides an excellent tool to connect N-tert-butanesulfinylimines with enantiopure 3-substituted benzo-fused sulfinamides (1,2-benzoisothiazoline 1-oxides) and the related pharmacologically relevant sulfonamidesThe Spanish Government (grant CTQ2012-35957) and Comunidad de Madrid (CCG08-UAM/PPQ-4151; S2009/PPQ1634

Group-Wise Principal Component Analysis for Exploratory Intrusion Detection

Intrusion detection is a relevant layer of cybersecurity to prevent hacking and illegal activities from happening on the assets of corporations. Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection Systems perform an unsupervised analysis on data collected from the network and end systems, in order to identify singular events. While this approach may produce many false alarms, it is also capable of identifying new (zeroday) security threats. In this context, the use of multivariate approaches such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) provided promising results in the past. PCA can be used in exploratory mode or in learning mode. Here, we propose an exploratory intrusion detection that replaces PCA with Group-wise PCA (GPCA), a recently proposed data analysis technique with additional exploratory characteristics. A main advantage of GPCA over PCA is that the former yields simple models, easy to understand by security professionals not trained in multivariate tools. Besides, the workflow in the intrusion detection with GPCA is more coherent with dominant strategies in intrusion detection. We illustrate the application of GPCA in two case studies.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Government-MINECO (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), using the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), under Projects TIN2014-60346-R and Project TIN2017-83494-R

Glycomimetic-based pharmacological chaperones for lysosomal storage disorders: lessons from Gaucher, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry diseases

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are often caused by mutations that destabilize native folding and impair the trafficking of enzymes, leading to premature endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, deficiencies of specific hydrolytic functions and aberrant storage of metabolites in the lysosomes. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and substrate reduction therapy (SRT) are available for a few of these conditions, but most remain orphan. A main difficulty is that virtually all LSDs involve neurological decline and neither proteins nor the current SRT drugs can cross the blood–brain barrier. Twenty years ago a new therapeutic paradigm better suited for neuropathic LSDs was launched, namely pharmacological chaperone (PC) therapy. PCs are small molecules capable of binding to the mutant protein at the ER, inducing proper folding, restoring trafficking and increasing enzyme activity and substrate processing in the lysosome. In many LSDs the mutated protein is a glycosidase and the accumulated substrate is an oligo- or polysaccharide or a glycoconjugate, e.g. a glycosphingolipid. Although it might appear counterintuitive, substrate analogues (glycomimetics) behaving as competitive glycosidase inhibitors are good candidates to perform PC tasks. The advancements in the knowledge of the molecular basis of LSDs, including enzyme structures, binding modes, trafficking pathways and substrate processing mechanisms, have been put forward to optimize PC selectivity and efficacy. Moreover, the chemical versatility of glycomimetics and the variety of structures at hand allow simultaneous optimization of chaperone and pharmacokinetic properties. In this Feature Article we review the advancements made in this field in the last few years and the future outlook through the lessons taught by three archetypical LSDs: Gaucher disease, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry disease.The Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, contract numbers SAF2013-44021-R and CTQ2015-64425-C2-1-R), the Junta de Andalucía (contract number FQM-1467), and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-People-2012-CIG), grant agreement number 333594 (to E. M. S. F., Marie Curie Reintegration Grant) are acknowledged. Cofinancing from the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER and FSE) is also thanked.We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer reviewe

Evaluation of tree-based routing Ethernet

Tree-based Routing (TRE) revisits Tree-based Routing Architecture for Irregular Networks (TRAIN)—a forwarding scheme based on a spanning tree that was extended to use some shortcut links.We propose its adaptation to Ethernet, using a new type of hierarchical Ethernet addresses and a procedure to assign them to bridges. We show that compared to RSTP, TRE offers improved throughput. The impact of transient loops in TRE is lower compared to the application of the classical shortest path routing protocols to Ethernet. Finally, TRE is self-configuring and its forwarding process is simpler and more efficient than in standard Ethernet and shortest path routing proposals.Publicad

Robust people detection by fusion of evidence from multiple methods

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. V. Fernández-Carbajales, M. A. García, and J. M. Martínez, "Robust People Detection by Fusion of Evidence from Multiple Methods", in Ninth International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services, 2008. WIAMIS 2008, p. 55-58.This paper describes and evaluates an algorithm for real-time people detection in video sequences based on the fusion of evidence provided by three simple independent people detectors. Experiments with real video sequences show that the proposed integration-based approach is effective, robust and fast by combining simple algorithms.This work is supported by Cátedra Infoglobal-UAM para “Nuevas tecnologías de vídeo aplicadas a la seguridad”, the Spanish Government (TEC2007- 65400 SemanticVideo) and the Comunidad de Madrid (S-050/TIC-0223 - ProMultiDis-CM)

Pharmacological chaperone therapy for Gaucher disease: A patent review

Introduction: Mutations in the gene encoding for acid β-glucosidase (β-glucocerebrosidase, GlcCerase) are seen in Gaucher disease (GD), which give rise to significant protein misfolding effects and result in progressive accumulation of glucosyl ceramide. The main treatment for GD is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). The iminosugar glycosidase inhibitor N-(n-butyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin (miglustat, Zavesca™) is used in a second treatment modality known as substrate reduction therapy. At the beginning of the 21st century, a third therapeutic paradigm was launched, namely, pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT). This therapeutic strategy relies on the capability of such inhibitors to promote the correct folding and stabilize mutant forms of lysosomal enzymes, such as GlcCerase, as they pass through the secretory pathway. Areas covered: This review summarizes the different approaches used to implement the concept of PCT for GD. It discusses the relevant research, patents and patent applications filed in the last decade. Expert opinion: While the significance of PCT remains a matter of debate, the great interest gathered regarding it in a relatively few years reflects its broad potential scope, well beyond GD. The fact that pharmacological chaperones can be designed to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) make them candidates for the treatment of neuronopathic forms of GD that are not responsive to ERT. Combined therapies offer even broader possibilities that deserve to be fully explored.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CTQ2007-61180/PPQ, SAF2010-15670Junta de Andalucía P08-FQM-0371