Tratamiento de la infección por virus de la hepatitis C con fármacos de acción directa en la cohorte de pacientes coinfectados VHC/VIH del área oeste de Valladolid.

La prevalencia global de la hepatitis C es de 150 a 170 millones (3% de la población general). En España se sitúa entre el 1,6% y el 2,6%. Se calcula que 2,3 millones de personas con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en el mundo estarían coinfectadas por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC), lo que supone una prevalencia mundial del 6,2%. En España, la seroprevalencia del VHC en personas coinfectadas por el VIH es actualmente de 37,7%. Con la aparición de los nuevos antivirales de acción directa (AAD) han cambiado las perspectivas en el tratamiento de la hepatitis C. El tratamiento de la hepatitis C con los nuevos AAD en pacientes coinfectados por VHC/VIH tiene la misma eficacia que en pacientes monoinfectados. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de todos los pacientes coinfectados por VHC/VIH en seguimiento en la consulta de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Universitario Río Hortega (HURH) de Valladolid que realizaron el tratamiento con los nuevos AAD para el VHC durante el periodo comprendido entre el mes de abril de 2015 y mayo de 2016. Se incluyeron en el estudio 30 pacientes con GT 1a (40%), 1b (20%), 3 (30%) y 4 (10%). El 87% eran varones y la edad media era de 48,9 años. Presentaban polimorfismos del gen IL28B CC (36,7%) y de los subtipos desfavorables CT/TT (63,3%). El 56,7% eran cirróticos, la mediana del grado de fibrosis fue de 13,8 KPa. El 43,4% habían recibido tratamiento previo para el VHC. La tasa de respuesta viral sostenida en la semana 12 post-tratamiento (RVS12) por protocolo fue del 92% y por intención de tratar del 80%. Se produjeron 5 pérdidas, obteniéndose en una de ellas RVS12. Los 2 fracasos que se observaron presentaron CV basales VHC superiores a 2.000.000 UI/ml. El tratamiento de la hepatitis C con los nuevos AAD en pacientes coinfectados VHC/VIH tratados en el HURH tiene la misma eficacia que en pacientes monoinfectados, tanto en ensayos clínicos como en cohortes de pacientes de vida real.Grado en Medicin

Plasma-activated water: A cutting-edge technology driving innovation in the food industry

.Innovation regarding food production and processing is required to meet the emerging challenges of ensuring worldwide food security and meeting consumer demands for high-quality, safe and nutritious food products. This review provides insights into the current state-of-the-art of the emerging applications of Plasma Activated Water (PAW) in the food industry. PAW antimicrobial properties, inactivation mechanisms and the critical factors determining the lethal effect, as well as the bases for other technological applications are discussed. Overall, this review article describes the degree of success achieved by PAW technology in different applications and illustrates its feasibility and applicability in the food-processing industryS

La imposición de sanciones analógicas en el trámite de la acción popular: Análisis de la legalidad de las sanciones impuestas al actor popular como consecuencia de su inasistencia a la audiencia de pacto de cumplimiento a la luz del debido proceso sancionatorio

El problema jurídico que motiva esta monografía surge de la práctica misma del derecho al interior de los estrados judiciales, donde en muchas ocasiones una es la disposición legal y otra la judicial. Algunas de esas diferencias en algunos casos encuentran su razón de ser en la facultad de interpretación de que goza todo juez. En algunas ocasiones puede escucharse a la comunidad jurídica quejándose por considerar que un mismo código o normatividad tiene diferentes aplicaciones según la interpretación, capricho o arbitrariedad del juez o magistrado. El presente trabajo toma como punto de partida la acción constitucional denominada popular que se encuentra prevista en el artículo 88 de la Carta Política como el mecanismo idóneo para la protección de los derechos colectivos, y surge de cuestionarse si ante la inasistencia del actor popular a la audiencia de pacto de cumplimiento contemplada en el artículo 27 de la Ley 472 de 1998, procede la imposición de sanciones de manera analógica, puesto que la norma de forma expresa establece dicha consecuencia jurídica únicamente frente a la inasistencia de la entidad accionada, esto analizado dentro del contexto del debido proceso sancionatorio

Wild animals are reservoirs and sentinels of staphylococcus aureus and MRSA clones: A problem with “one health” concern

Background: The availability of comprehensive data on the ecology and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus/MRSA in wild animals is necessary to understand their relevance in the “One Health” domain. Objective: In this study, we determined the pooled prevalence of nasal, tracheal and/or oral (NTO) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage in wild animals, with a special focus on mecA and mecC genes as well as the frequency of MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) of the lineages CC398 and CC130 in wild animals. Methodology: This systematic review was executed on cross-sectional studies that reported S. aureus and MRSA in the NTO cavities of wild animals distributed in four groups: non-human primates (NHP), wild mammals (WM, excluding rodents and NHP), wild birds (WB) and wild rodents (WR). Appropriate and eligible articles published (in English) between 1 January 2011 to 30 August 2021 were searched for from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciElo and Web of Science. Results: Of the 33 eligible and analysed studies, the pooled prevalence of NTO S. aureus and MRSA carriage was 18.5% (range: 0–100%) and 2.1% (range: 0.0–63.9%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in WM, NHP, WB and WR groups was 15.8/1.6, 32.9/2.0, 10.3/3.4 and 24.2/3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of mecC-MRSA among WM/NHP/WB/WR was 1.64/0.0/2.1/0.59%, respectively, representing 89.9/0.0/59.1/25.0% of total MRSA detected in these groups of animals.The MRSA-CC398 and MRSA-CC130 lineages were most prevalent in wild birds (0.64 and 2.07%, respectively); none of these lineages were reported in NHP studies. The MRSA-CC398 (mainly of spa-type t011, 53%), MRSA-CC130 (mainly of spa types t843 and t1535, 73%), MSSA-CC398 (spa-types t571, t1451, t6606 and t034) and MSSA-CC130 (spa types t843, t1535, t3625 and t3256) lineages were mostly reported. Conclusion: Although the global prevalence of MRSA is low in wild animals, mecC-mediated resistance was particularly prevalent among MRSA isolates, especially among WM and WB. Considering the genetic diversity of MRSA in wild animals, they need to be monitored for effective control of the spread of antimicrobial resistance

New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (March 2017)

23 pages, 26 figures, 3 tablesThis Collective Article presents information on 22 species belonging to 5 Phyla, arranged geographically from west to east. The new records were found in 8 countries as follows: Spain: first record of the two scarcely known nemerteans Baseodiscus delineatus and Notospermus geniculatus in Formentera; Malta: second record of the alien fish Lagocephalus sceleratus; Italy: the alien polychaete Syllis pectinans and the isopod Paranthura japonica, as well as the cryptogenic opisthobranch Anteaeolidiella lurana, were found in the fouling assemblages along the docks of the port of Livorno. New decapod records are reported from Sicily (the alien Callinectes sapidus and the native Pachygrapsus maurus) and Apulia (Percnon gibbesi and Procambarus clarkii); the lesser amberjack Seriola fasciata extended its geographical range to the Egadi Isands and Siganus luridus was documented for the first time along the Ionian coasts of Apulia and Calabria. Slovenia: the first record of the alien bivalve Brachidontes pharaonis is reported, together with a survey of up to date Adriatic records. Greece: the first record of the gastropod Rhinoclavis kochi is reported from Gavdos island. In addition, two records of endangered and rare cartilaginous fish were reported, namely, the shark Hexanchus griseus and the ray Leucoraja fullonica, as well as additional records of Siganus luridus for Lesvos and Malleus regula and Fulvia fragilis from Astypalaia. Turkey: the black wing flyingfish Hirundichthys rondeletii is reported for the very first time from the Black Sea. Egypt: the Indo-Pacific crab Halimede ochtodes is reported as established in Port Said. In addition, biometric parameters and meristic counts are reported for Anthias anthias in Damietta. Cyprus: the alien opisthobranch gastropod BursatellaPeer Reviewe

Validation of nasospheroids to assay CFTR functionality and modulator responses in cystic fibrosis

Fibrosi quística; Marcadors predictius; Models d'aparell respiratoriFibrosis quística; Marcadores predictivos; Modelos del sistema respiratorioCystic fibrosis; Predictive markers; Respiratory system modelsThe availability of a simple, robust and non-invasive in vitro airway model would be useful to study the functionality of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein and to personalize modulator therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Our aim was to validate a CFTR functional study using nasospheroids, a patient-derived nasal cell 3D-culture. We performed live-cell experiments in nasospheroids obtained from wild-type individuals and CF patients with different genotypes and phenotypes. We extended the existing method and expanded the analysis to upgrade measurements of CFTR activity using forskolin-induced shrinking. We also tested modulator drugs in CF samples. Immobilizing suspended-nasospheroids provided a high number of samples for live-cell imaging. The diversity observed in basal sizes of nasospheroids did not affect the functional analysis of CFTR. Statistical analysis with our method was simple, making this protocol easy to reproduce. Moreover, we implemented the measurement of inner fluid reservoir areas to further differentiate CFTR functionality. In summary, this rapid methodology is helpful to analyse response to modulators in CF samples to allow individualized treatment for CF patients.This work was supported by a grant from Fundación Mutua Madrileña (Rare disorders, MM/XIV/RECERCA/2017/TIZZANO) to E.F.T. and Fundació Arcadi to S.G. and supporting M.C. and P.B.; M.C. was partially supported by Fundació Daniel Bravo Andreu