Diferencias salariales por sexo en Andalucia. Una reflexion en torno al cambio del comportamiento en la jornada extra

El hecho de que la ganancia media de los hombres sea superior a la de las mujeres, y que las diferencias salariales se produzcan dentro de todas las categorías profesionales y en todos los sectores de la economía, es fácilmente contrastable. Sin embargo según los datos de la ganancia media por hora extra trabajada, esta diferencia en la categoría de obreros se manifiesta a favor de las mujeres. En este trabajo analizaremos los posibles motivos que dan lugar a esta situación

Diferencias salariales por sexo. Análisis en los distintos sectores de la economia andaluza

Este trabajo trata de mostrar el distinto comportamiento de las diferencias salariales entre hombres y mujeres en los sectores Industria, Construcción y Servicios durante los años 1996, 1997 y 1998 en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Para ello hemos comparado las diferencias salariales existentes en dicha Comunidad Autónoma y las de la media Nacional. Hemos utilizado dos categorías profesionales, empleados y obreros, para poder observar, además, si el comportamiento de la diferencia salarial en ambos es el mismo

Técnicas de escalados multidimensionales aplicadas al fracaso del alumno en la asignatura de matemáticas empresariales

El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de las características personales y de formación previa que pueden influir en el fracaso del alumno en la asignatura de Matemáticas Empresariales. Para la realización del mismo, y dado que disponemos de un número importante de variables, trataremos de sintetizar esta información mediante la construcción de un mapa que sintetice la información, utilizando la técnica de los Escalados Multidimensionales.In this paper, we try to measure the effect of some variables about personal data and previous learning of students, in the probability to pass the first level of mathematics for Administration and Business. The multidimensional scaling approach is used in this paper to reduce the dimensionality of the observations

Polymerizable Materials for Diffractive Optical Elements Recording

The technologies based on holographic and photonic techniques related to the optical storage and optical processing of information are rapidly evolving. One of the key points of this evolution are the new recording materials able to perform under the most specific situations and applications. In this sense, the importance of the photopolymers is growing spectacularly. This is mainly due to their versatility in terms of composition and design together with other interesting properties such as self-processing capabilities. In this chapter, we introduce the diffractive optical elements (DOE) generation in these materials and some of the most important parameters involved in this process. The deep knowledge of the material is essential to model its behavior during and after the recording process and we present different techniques to characterize the recording materials. We also present a 3D theoretical diffusion model able to reproduce and predict the experimental behavior of the recording process of any kind of DOE onto the photopolymers. The theoretical results will be supported by experimental analysis using a hybrid optical-digital setup, which includes a liquid crystal on silicon display. Besides this analysis, we study a method to improve the conservation and characteristics of these materials, an index-matching system

Holographic Data Storage Using Parallel-Aligned Liquid Crystal on Silicon Displays

The parallel-aligned liquid crystal on silicon (PA-LCoS) microdisplay has become a widely used device for the photonics community. It is a very versatile tool that can perform several tasks which transforms it into a key element in many different photonics applications. Since our group is interested in holography, in this chapter, we want to use these displays as the data entry point for a holographic data storage system (HDSS). Due to the novelty of this kind of device, we have done an intense work characterizing it. These efforts are reflected in this chapter where the reader will find two different characterization methods that will enable to predict the performance of the device in a specific application. Additionally, we present how a phase-only device can be used as a data pager using different modulation schemes and combined with a photopolymer as the holographic recording material

Quantitative proteomics analysis of lymph nodes from pigs infected by porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) by 2-DE, 18O/16O labeling and linear ion trap mass spectrometry

Comunicaciones a congreso

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Reduces the Severity of COVID-19 in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

COVID-19; Hepatitis B; TenofovirCOVID-19; Hepatitis B; TenofovirCOVID-19; Hepatitis B; TenofovirBackground and Aims HIV-positive patients on tenofovir hydroxyl fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine have a lower risk of COVID-19 and hospitalization than those given other treatments. Our aim was to analyze the severity of COVID-19 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on TDF or entecavir (ETV). Methods Spanish hospital databases (n = 28) including information regarding adult CHB patients on TDF or ETV for the period February 1st to November 30th 2020 were searched for COVID-19, defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction, and for severe COVID-19. Results Of 4736 patients, 117 had COVID-19 (2.5%), 67 on TDF and 50 on ETV. Compared to patients on TDF, those on ETV showed (p < 0.05) greater rates of obesity, diabetes, ischemic cardiopathy, and hypertension. COVID-19 incidence was similar in both groups (2.3 vs. 2.6%). Compared to TDF, patients on ETV more often (p < 0.01) had severe COVID-19 (36 vs. 6%), required intensive care unit (ICU) (10% vs. 0) or ventilatory support (20 vs. 3%), were hospitalized for longer (10.8 ± 19 vs. 3.1 ± 7 days) or died (10 vs. 1.5%, p = 0.08). In an IPTW propensity score analysis adjusted for age, sex, obesity, comorbidities, and fibrosis stage, TDF was associated with a sixfold reduction in severe COVID-19 risk (adjusted-IPTW-OR 0.17, 95%CI 0.04–0.67, p = 0.01). Conclusion Compared to ETV, TDF seems to play a protective role in CHB patients with SARS-CoV-2 whereby the risk of severe COVID-19 is lowered.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. No funding sources needed

Prevalence, molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from northwestern Spanish broiler flocks (2011–2015)

The present study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance to twenty antibiotics, and class 1 integron and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from poultry houses of broilers in northwestern Spain between 2011 and 2015. Strains were classified to the serotype level using the Kauffman-White typing scheme and subtyping with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 1.02%. Sixteen different serotypes were found, with S. typhimurium and S. arizonae 48:z4, z23:- being the most prevalent. A total of 59.70% of strains were resistant to at least one, and 19.70% were resistant to multiple drugs. All Salmonella spp. were susceptible to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, levofloxacin, neomycin, and trimethoprim. The highest level of resistance was to sulfamethoxazole (40.29%), doxycycline (17.91%), and nalidixic acid (17.91%). None of the isolates carried class 1 integron and only isolates of S. enterica subspecies enterica were positive for all virulence factors tested, whereas S. arizonae lacked genes related to replication and invasion in nonphagocytic cells. This study demonstrates that the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in poultry houses of broilers of northwestern Spain is low compared with those found in other studies and in other steps of the food chainS

Natural feed after weaning improves the reproductive status of "Solea senegalensis" breeders

[EN] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long term natural feeding in the subsequent reproductive status of 4 years old cultured Solea senegalensis, and to determine if the potential changes were structural or feeding dependent. To this aim, two different feeding regimes were used from one year after weaning and during the following 3 years; 1) a commercial dry food diet and 2) a natural feeding regime. After this period, the proportion of fluent males and the evolution of maturity stages of females over a breeding season were studied. A complete sperm quality analysis assessment was carried out, including individual volumes, motility, density and curvilinear, rectilinear and mean velocities of spermatozoa. Moreover, viability and apoptosis indexes were analyzed as indicator of molecular sperm membrane integrity. Additionally, a morphological characterization of the testes during the spawning season was conducted. Finally, both groups were fed with the same commercial pellets during one year to evaluate the effect of the diet of previous years on sperm quality. The results of this study showed how feeding can improve not only sperm quality and quantity, but also the proportion of fluent males and females in advanced maturity stages. All the sperm quality parameters resulted significantly higher in the group fed with a natural diet. Moreover, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the group fed with a commercial diet. According to the morphological features of the testes, the animals fed with a natural diet presented more basal position, less protuberances and irregular edges when compared with the animals fed with commercial diet. Interestingly, the progression of the spermatogenesis determined by the proportion of germ cells and the production of spermatozoa determined by the wider of the ducts system was also significantly larger in the natural diet group. After the standardization of the diets, mean volume per male and production of total motile cells were significantly higher in the group that was previously fed a natural diet, confirming structural improvements.S

Specialized pro-resolving mediators prevents cardiac dysfunction by modulating Ca2+ handling and NRF2 axis

Trabajo presentado en el ESC Congress 2021 - The Digital Experience, celebrado en modalidad virtual el 27 de agosto de 2021