Cómo vive y siente la inserción laboral una docente novel

La finalidad de la tesis es conocer el bagaje personal, profesional y afectivo-emocional del docente novel en su incorporación a la docencia y comprender cómo lo vive y cómo lo siente. Si la realidad educativa es compleja y diversa para los docentes experimentados, el docente novel se encuentra como un náufrago que necesita agarrarse a cabos dónde sentirse seguro y así nadar en compañía de otros docentes para poder subir a flote, recorrer la travesía y llegar a la meta. Consta de cinco bloques integrados por capítulos que abordan el recorrido realizado y cómo, a medida que ha ido avanzando, ha podido ir replanteándose su propia práctica, su identidad docente y su desarrollo profesional y personal. En el primer bloque, se aborda el proceso metodológico seguido. En el segundo, se empieza a hacer un acercamiento al objeto de estudio. Para ello, se hace un viaje por lo que significa ser un docente novel y cómo su trabajo estará condicionado por la encrucijada de culturas que conviven en el contexto escolar. En la tercera parte se entra de lleno en el foco de estudio "Cómo vive y siente la inserción laboral una docente novel". Esta, aprende haciendo. Por tanto, es necesario conocer el contexto dónde se desarrollará su trabajo y las diversas funciones y roles que le toca asumir. El bloque cuarto constituye la segunda parte del Informe . En ella se muestra cómo el camino puede allanarse y construirse puentes para que el desarrollo profesional no se realice en una sola dirección sino en la que haya cauces de ida y vuelta. Las conclusiones nos llevan a considerar que: El docente es la piedra angular del sistema educativo ya que es el responsable de llevarlo a la práctica. Por tanto, su formación y sus primeras experiencias serán decisivas en su futuro profesional. La práctica docente no se desarrolla en el vacío. Tiene lugar en el contexto escolar. Las culturas que interactúan en el mismo irán impulsando o fagocitando las innovaciones educativas. Para ello, hay que ir adquiriendo un aprendizaje dialógico que permitan abordarlas con un lenguaje claro y común . En otras ocasiones, no hace falta hablar, hay silencios que gritan muy alto y en cualquier dirección. Por consiguiente, no queda más remedio que nadar contracorriente para ir sorteando los baches que se encuentran en el camino. A partir de las conclusiones, se sugiere un instrumento que se puede servir de puente de conexión entre los docentes más experimentados y los noveles: un proyecto de acompañamiento docente. Este es concebido como una oportunidad para caminar con seguridad y en compañía permitiendo que el docente novel se sienta arropado, tenga la oportunidad de vivir otras experiencias metodológicas, se sienta con la seguridad suficiente para abordar pequeñas innovaciones educativas que le permitan crecer a nivel profesional y personal

A generalization of the Pfähler-Lambert decomposition

The aim of this paper is to provide a generalization of the Pfähler (1990) and Lambert (1989, 2001) decomposition that allows us to overcome some limitations of the original methodology. In particular, our proposal allows avoiding the problem of sequentiality when the tax has several types of deductions or allowances, schedules or tax credits. In addition, our alternative decomposition is adapted to the dual income class of tax structures. Moreover, in order to adapt this methodology to real-world taxes, our alternative includes the re-ranking effects of real taxes, caused by the existence of differentiated treatments based on non-income attributes. This theoretical proposal is illustrated with an empirical analysis for the Spanish Personal Income Tax reform enforced in 2007

Transparent but Accurate Evolutionary Regression Combining New Linguistic Fuzzy Grammar and a Novel Interpretable Linear Extension

Scientists must understand what machines do (systems should not behave like a black box), because in many cases how they predict is more important than what they predict. In this work, we propose a new extension of the fuzzy linguistic grammar and a mainly novel interpretable linear extension for regression problems, together with an enhanced new linguistic tree-based evolutionary multiobjective learning approach. This allows the general behavior of the data covered, as well as their specific variability, to be expressed as a single rule. In order to ensure the highest transparency and accuracy values, this learning process maximizes two widely accepted semantic metrics and also minimizes both the number of rules and the model mean squared error. The results obtained in 23 regression datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method by applying statistical tests to the said metrics, which cover the different aspects of the interpretability of linguistic fuzzy models. This learning process has obtained the preservation of high-level semantics and less than 5 rules on average, while it still clearly outperforms some of the previous state-of-the-art linguistic fuzzy regression methods for learning interpretable regression linguistic fuzzy systems, and even to a competitive, pure accuracyoriented linguistic learning approach. Finally, we analyze a case study in a real problem related to childhood obesity, and a real expert carries out the analysis shown.Andalusian Government P18-RT-2248Health Institute Carlos III/Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities PI20/00711Spanish Government PID2019-107793GB-I00 PID2020-119478GB-I0

Learning positive-negative rule-based fuzzy associative classifiers with a good trade-off between complexity and accuracy

Nowadays, the call for transparency in Artificial Intelligence models is growing due to the need to understand how decisions derived from the methods are made when they ultimately affect human life and health. Fuzzy Rule-Based Classification Systems have been used successfully as they are models that are easily understood by models themselves. However, complex search spaces hinder the learning process, and in most cases, lead to problems of complexity (coverage and specificity). This problem directly affects the intention to use them to enable the user to analyze and understand the model. Because of this, we propose a fuzzy associative classification method to learn classifiers with an improved trade-off between accuracy and complexity. This method learns the most appropriate granularity of each variable to generate a set of simple fuzzy association rules with a reduced number of associations that consider positive and negative dependencies to be able to classify an instance depending on the presence or absence of certain items. The proposal also chooses the most interesting rules based on several interesting measures and finally performs a genetic rule selection and adjustment to reach the most suitable context of the selected rule set. The quality of our proposal has been analyzed using 23 real-world datasets, comparing them with other proposals by applying statistical analysis. Moreover, the study carried out on a real biomedical research problem of childhood obesity shows the improved trade-off between the accuracy and complexity of the models generated by our proposal.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA.ERDF and the Regional Government of Andalusia/Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities (grant numbers P18-RT-2248 and B-CTS-536-UGR20)ERDF and Health Institute Carlos III/Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant number PI20/00711)Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant number PID2019-107793GB-I00

Emerging spectrometric techniques for the forensic analysis of body fluids

Body fluids are evidence of great interest in forensics because they allow identification of individuals through the study of DNA. After reviewing the tests and the methods that are currently being used by forensic practitioners for the detection of body fluids (e.g. blood, semen, saliva, vaginal fluid, urine and sweat), and after showing their main drawbacks and limitations, this work focuses on the review of emerging spectrometric techniques applied for the forensic analysis of body fluids. These techniques include the use of ultraviolet-visible, infrared (IR), Raman, X-ray fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry for investigating blood, semen, saliva, urine, vaginal fluid or sweat. Although all these spectrometric techniques seem to have a high potential to differentiate body fluids prior to DNA extraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy have shown the most promising results for discriminating stains from body fluids

Differentiation of body fluid stains on fabrics using external reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics

Body fluids are evidence of great forensic interest due to the DNA extracted from them, which allows genetic identification of people. This study focuses on the discrimination among semen, vaginal fluid and urine stains (main fluids in sexual crimes) placed on different coloured cotton fabrics by external reflection FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Semen-vaginal fluid mixtures and potential false positive substances commonly found in daily life such as soaps, milk, juices and lotions were also studied. Results demonstrated that the IR spectral signature obtained for each body fluid allowed its identification and the correct classification of unknown stains by means of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA). Interestingly, results proved that these IR spectra did not show any bands due to the colour of the fabric and no substance of those present in daily life which were analysed, provided a false positive

Geriatric nursing on European Space for Higher Education

Producción CientíficaProblema: ¿Cómo se están estructurando las asignaturas relacionadas con la especialidad de Enfermería Geriátrica en la formación de Grado de Enfermería? Material y método: guías docentes de las universidades, escuelas/facultades de Enfermería, pertenecientes a la Conferencia Nacional de Directores de Centros Universitarios de Enfermería (CNDCUE). Análisis descriptivo de la asignatura que abordan los cuidados de enfermería durante la etapa de la vejez. Conclusiones: existe divergencia en el planteamiento de las asignaturas en las guías analizadas. Se ha modificado la denominación previa y común a todos los centros: Enfermería Geriátrica. El número de competencias propuestas es elevado, lo que puede complicar la evaluación formativa.Issue: how are subjects related to Geriatric Nursing being organized on Nursing degree education? Material and method: guidebooks about Shools/Faculties of Nursing wich belong to National Conference of Directors of University Centres of Nursing. A subject on nursing care descriptive analysis during old age. Conclusions: There are differences between the approach of the subjects on the guides we ve analized. The previous and common to all centres designation has been modified: Geriatric Nursing. The number of suggested competences is high, so formative evaluation will get complicated

Discrimination of non-explosive and explosive samples through nitrocellulose fingerprints obtained by capillary electrophoresis

This work is focused on a novel procedure to discriminate nitrocellulose-based samples with nonexplosive and explosive properties. The nitrocellulose study has been scarcely approached in the literature due to its special polymeric properties such as its high molar mass and complex chemical and structural characteristics. These properties require the nitrocellulose analysis to be performed by using a few organic solvents and in consequence, they limit the number of adequate analytical techniques for its study. In terms of identification of pre-blast explosives, mass spectrometry is one of the most preferred technique because it allows to obtain structural information. However, it has never been used to analyze polymeric nitrocellulose. In this study, the differentiation of non-explosive and explosive samples through nitrocellulose fingerprints obtained by capillary electrophoresis was investigated. A batch of 30 different smokeless gunpowders and 23 different everyday products were pulverized, derivatized with a fluorescent agent and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Since this methodology is specific to d-glucopyranose derivatives (cellulosic and related compounds), and paper samples could be easily found in explosion scenes, 11 different paper samples were also included in the study as potential interference samples. In order to discriminate among samples, multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy) was applied to the obtained electrophoretic profiles. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first study that achieve a successful discrimination between non-explosive and explosive nitrocellulose-based samples, as well as potential cellulose interference samples, and posterior classification of unknown samples into their corresponding groups using CE-LIF and chemometric tools.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovació

Analysis and differentiation of paper samples by capillary electrophoresis and multivariate analysis

This work reports an investigation for the analysis of different paper samples using CEwith laser-induced detection. Papers from four different manufactures (white-copy paper)and four different paper sources (white and recycled-copy papers, adhesive yellow papernotes and restaurant serviettes) were pulverized by scratching with a surgical scalpel priorto their derivatization with a fluorescent labeling agent, 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonicacid. Methodological conditions were evaluated, specifically the derivatization conditionswith the aim to achieve the best S/N signals and the separation conditions in order toobtain optimum values of sensitivity and reproducibility. The best conditions, in termsof fastest, and easiest sample preparation procedure, minimal sample consumption, aswell as the use of the simplest and fastest CE-procedure for obtaining the best analyticalparameters, were applied to the analysis of the different paper samples. The registeredelectropherograms were pretreated (normalized and aligned) and subjected to multivari-ate analysis (principal component analysis). A successful discrimination among papersamples without entanglements was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this workpresents the first approach to achieve a successful differentiation among visually similarwhite-copy paper samples produced by different manufactures and paper from differentpaper sources through their direct analysis by CE-LIF and subsequent comparative studyof the complete cellulose electropherogram by chemometric tools