Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Risk Factors in the Adult Population of the Basque Country, Spain

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country and the risk factors involved in the disease by reassessing an adult population after 7 years of follow-up. In the previous prevalence study, 847 people older than 18 years were randomly selected from all over the Basque Country and were invited to answer a medical questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test. In the reassessment, the same variables were collected and the resulting cohort comprised 517 individuals of whom 43 had diabetes at baseline. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 4.64% in 7 years and the raw incidence rate was 6.56 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI: 4.11-9.93). Among the incident cases, 59% were undiagnosed. The most strongly associated markers by univariate analyses were age >60 years, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We also found association with hypertension, obesity, family history of diabetes and low education level. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that a set of risk factors assessed together (dyslipidaemia, waist-to-hip-ratio and family history of diabetes) had great predictive value (AUC-ROC=0.899, 95%CI: 0.846-0.953, p=0.942), which suggests the need for early intervention before the onset of prediabetesThis work was partially supported by grants from the Department of Health of the Basque Country Government (2015111020); ISCIII (PI14/01104), co-funded by ERDF/ESF, "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future"; UPV/EHU (IT1281-19); Menarini Group Spain (BCA16/029); Endocrine-European Reference Network (EndoERN 739527); and CIBERDEM (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders). The study funders were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Current Indications and Future Landscape of Bispecific Antibodies for the Treatment of Lung Cancer

Bispecific antibodies are a promising type of therapy for the treatment of cancer due to their ability to simultaneously inhibit different proteins playing a role in cancer progression. The development in lung cancer has been singularly intense because of the increasingly vast knowledge of the underlying molecular routes, in particular, in oncogene-driven tumors. In this review, we present the current landscape of bispecific antibodies for the treatment of lung cancer and discuss potential scenarios where the role of these therapeutics might expand in the near future

Nocturnal Glucose Profile According to Timing of Dinner Rapid Insulin and Basal and Rapid Insulin Type: An <i>Insulclock^®</i> Connected Insulin Cap-Based Real-World Study

Background: A study to assess the glucose levels of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) overnight, based on the insulin type and timing. Methods: A real-world, retrospective study of T1D, using multiple daily insulin injections. Continuous glucose monitoring and insulin injection data were collected for ten hours after dinner using the Insulclock® connected cap. Meal events were identified using the ROC detection methodology. The timing of the rapid insulin, second injections, and the type of insulin analogs used, were evaluated. Results: The nocturnal profiles (n = 775, 49 subjects) were analyzed. A higher glucose AUC of over 180 mg/dL was observed in subjects with delayed injections (number; %; mg/dL × h): −45–15 min (n = 136; 17.5%, 175.9 ± 271.0); −15–0 min (n = 231; 29.8%, 164.0 ± 2 37.1); 0 + 45 min (n = 408; 52.6%, 203.6 ± 260.9), (p = 0.049). The use of ultrarapid insulin (FiAsp®) (URI) vs. rapid insulin (RI) analogs was associated with less hypoglycemia events (7.1 vs. 13.6%; p = 0.005) and TBR70 (1.7 ± 6.9 vs. 4.6 ± 13.9%; p = 0.003). Users of glargine U300 vs. degludec had a higher TIR (70.7 vs. 58.5%) (adjusted R-squared: 0.22, p p = 0.003), TBR70 (5.5 ± 14.2 vs. 3.0 ± 11.1%; p = 0.003), a glucose AUC of over 180 mg/dL (226.1 ± 257.8 vs. 178.0 ± 255.3 mg/dL × h; p = 0.001), and a lower TIR (56.0 ± 27.4 vs. 62.7 ± 29.6 mg/dL × h; p = 0.004). Conclusion: The dinner rapid insulin timing, insulin type, and the use of correction injections affect the nocturnal glucose profile in T1D

Atlas of European Eel Distribution (Anguilla anguilla) in Portugal, Spain and France

The SUDOANG project aims at providing common tools to managers to support eel conservation in the SUDOE area (Spain, France and Portugal). VISUANG is the SUDOANG Interactive Web Application that host all these tools . The application consists of an eel distribution atlas (GT1), assessments of mortalities caused by turbines and an atlas showing obstacles to migration (GT2), estimates of recruitment and exploitation rate (GT3) and escapement (chosen as a target by the EC for the Eel Management Plans) (GT4). In addition, it includes an interactive map showing sampling results from the pilot basin network produced by GT6. The eel abundance for the eel atlas and escapement has been obtained using the Eel Density Analysis model (EDA, GT4's product). EDA extrapolates the abundance of eel in sampled river segments to other segments taking into account how the abundance, sex and size of the eels change depending on different parameters. Thus, EDA requires two main data sources: those related to the river characteristics and those related to eel abundance and characteristics. However, in both cases, data availability was uneven in the SUDOE area. In addition, this information was dispersed among several managers and in different formats due to different sampling sources: Water Framework Directive (WFD), Community Framework for the Collection, Management and Use of Data in the Fisheries Sector (EUMAP), Eel Management Plans, research groups, scientific papers and technical reports. Therefore, the first step towards having eel abundance estimations including the whole SUDOE area, was to have a joint river and eel database. In this report we will describe the database corresponding to the river’s characteristics in the SUDOE area and the eel abundances and their characteristics. In the case of rivers, two types of information has been collected: River topology (RN table): a compilation of data on rivers and their topological and hydrographic characteristics in the three countries. River attributes (RNA table): contains physical attributes that have fed the SUDOANG models. The estimation of eel abundance and characteristic (size, biomass, sex-ratio and silver) distribution at different scales (river segment, basin, Eel Management Unit (EMU), and country) in the SUDOE area obtained with the implementation of the EDA2.3 model has been compiled in the RNE table (eel predictions)

Competencias intra e interpersonales, sexo consciente, fármacos y Mindfulness

Continuación del proyecto P52/17 ¿Fármacos e Interacción Social versus Atención y Compasión? Enfocado en competencias personales y sexualidad consciente: 1) Sexualidad & ¿Mindfulsex o Fármacos? versus ¿Chemsex o Chem-Safe?; 2) ETS; 3) Mindfulness & (VIH-HSH-VPH) & Resilencia

Efficacy of a connected insulin pen cap in people with non-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

   Objective: To assess the efficacy of the insulin pen cap Insulclock® on improving glycemic control, treatment adherence, and users’ satisfaction in people with type 1 diabetes.  Research Design and Methods: This multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial comprised a 4-week run-in phase and a 6-week double-arm phase, in which participants were randomized to use Insulclock® into an active or masked mode.  Results: Fifty-five participants were evaluable (active group: 26, masked group: 29). The increase in TIR was higher in the active vs. the masked group (+5.2% vs. -0.8%; p=0.016). The active group showed a higher reduction in mean glucose, glucose management indicator (GMI), time above range (TAR), and high blood glucose index (HBGI). On-time insulin doses increased in the active group and decreased in the masked group. Conclusions: Insulclock® system use was associated with improved glycemic control, glycemic variability, hyperglycemia risk, and treatment adherence in people with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.</p

Enhancing international Eel Governance and Assessment: Insights from the SUDOANG Project

International audienceThe European eel is critically endangered and outside safe biological limits. In 2007, the European Commission implemented a Regulation requiring Member States to establish Eel Management Plans. However, despite these efforts, the eel population has not shown signs of recovery. We initiated the SUDOANG Interreg project to provide managers in Spain, France, and Portugal (SUDOE area) with common toolkits to enhance eel conservation.Eel management involves multiple levels of governance, spanning regional, national, and international authorities. This can sometimes lead to inconsistencies in the measures adopted for eel management. To overcome these inconsistencies and foster dialogue among stakeholders, we proposed the objectives, structure and composition of a governance platform: GOVERNANG.Despite being a single fish stock, the European eel is assessed as separate units by each country, using different methodologies. This approach, combined with data and knowledge gaps, and variability in data collection formats, hinders the effectiveness of international eel population assessments. To overcome these challenges, we have established an eel sampling network across 10 basins in Spain, France, and Portugal, encompassing Atlantic and Mediterranean rivers, as well as a Mediterranean lagoon. Additionally, we have developed and implemented common models to estimate recruitment, eel abundance in inland waters , and escapement across the SUDOE area. We have also evaluated the impact of hydropower plants on eel mortality in selected basins. To facilitate information access, we have created the VISUANG online tool, which provides a platform for visualizing both physical and biological data related to eels.During the presentation we will discuss the challenges we faced in SUDOANG and emphasize the advantages of international and multi-stakeholder collaboration and knowledge exchange for diadromous species. By sharing our experiences and findings, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on effective governance and assessment strategies for these species

Enhancing international Eel Governance and Assessment: Insights from the SUDOANG Project

International audienceThe European eel is critically endangered and outside safe biological limits. In 2007, the European Commission implemented a Regulation requiring Member States to establish Eel Management Plans. However, despite these efforts, the eel population has not shown signs of recovery. We initiated the SUDOANG Interreg project to provide managers in Spain, France, and Portugal (SUDOE area) with common toolkits to enhance eel conservation.Eel management involves multiple levels of governance, spanning regional, national, and international authorities. This can sometimes lead to inconsistencies in the measures adopted for eel management. To overcome these inconsistencies and foster dialogue among stakeholders, we proposed the objectives, structure and composition of a governance platform: GOVERNANG.Despite being a single fish stock, the European eel is assessed as separate units by each country, using different methodologies. This approach, combined with data and knowledge gaps, and variability in data collection formats, hinders the effectiveness of international eel population assessments. To overcome these challenges, we have established an eel sampling network across 10 basins in Spain, France, and Portugal, encompassing Atlantic and Mediterranean rivers, as well as a Mediterranean lagoon. Additionally, we have developed and implemented common models to estimate recruitment, eel abundance in inland waters , and escapement across the SUDOE area. We have also evaluated the impact of hydropower plants on eel mortality in selected basins. To facilitate information access, we have created the VISUANG online tool, which provides a platform for visualizing both physical and biological data related to eels.During the presentation we will discuss the challenges we faced in SUDOANG and emphasize the advantages of international and multi-stakeholder collaboration and knowledge exchange for diadromous species. By sharing our experiences and findings, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on effective governance and assessment strategies for these species