Desarrollo de una plataforma multiusuario en tiempo real

Este proyecto nace de la necesidad de crear un servidor que soporte aplicaciones en tiempo real multiusuario. Dado que en el mercado actual existen diversas soluciones a esta necesidad, en una primera parte del proyecto estudiamos dichas soluciones y marcamos unos objetivos concretos. El siguiente paso es estudiar las tecnologías que usamos en el desarrollo de la aplicación, así como los propios programas de desarrollo. Posteriormente diseñamos un protocolo de comunicaciones que establezca las pautas para el intercambio de información. Seguidamente pasamos a diseñar e implementar el propio servidor de aplicaciones. De la creación de este servidor se deriva la necesidad de crear dos aplicaciones cliente que pretenden ser una guía que permita a futuros programadores desarrollar nuevas aplicaciones cliente así como configurar exitosamente el servidor. El siguiente paso es analizar el rendimiento y la capacidad de carga del servidor, comprobando que cumple con las expectativas fijadas. Por último, documentamos el proyecto en forma de esta memoria. El conjunto formado por el servidor, el protocolo de comunicaciones y las dos aplicaciones cliente conforman toda una plataforma robusta y escalable

Estudos Luso-Hispanos de História do Direito II = Estudios Luso-Hispanos de Historia del Derecho II

This book brings together a set of studies that were presented and discussed at the III Spanish-Portuguese Meeting of Law Historians. They deal with central themes of the History of Law and Institutions in Modern and Contemporary eras, with special emphasis on the peninsular territories and also on the territories that made up, at different times, the Spanish and Portuguese empires. As a whole, they contribute to broaden and deepen the historical knowledge of aspects related to justice and the administration of the territories, the functioning of institutions (courts, universities, courts) and the discussion of legal concepts central to the knowledge of the legal-political doctrine produced at different times of a vast chronological period.Este libro reúne un conjunto de estudios que fueron presentados y discutidos en el III Encuentro hispano-luso de historiadores del Derecho. Tratan temas centrales de la historia del derecho y de las instituciones en la época moderna y contemporánea, con especial énfasis en los territorios peninsulares y también en los territorios que compusieron, en distintas épocas, los imperios español y portugués. En su conjunto, contribuyen a ampliar y profundizar el conocimiento histórico de aspectos relacionados con la justicia y la administración de los territorios, el funcionamiento de las instituciones (tribunales, universidades, Cortes) y la discusión de conceptos jurídicos centrales para el conocimiento de la doctrina jurídico-política producida en distintos momentos de un vasto período cronológico. = Neste livro reúne-se um conjunto de estudos que foram apresentados e discutidos no III Encontro hispano-luso de historiadores do Direito. Neles são abordados temas centrais da história do direito e das instituições na época moderna e contemporânea, com especial incidência nos territórios peninsulares e também nos territórios que integraram, em momentos diversos, os impérios espanhol e português. No seu conjunto, contribuem para o alargamento e o aprofundamento do conhecimento histórico de aspectos ligados à justiça e à administração dos territórios, ao funcionamento das instituições (tribunais, universidades, Cortes) e à discussão de conceitos jurídicos centrais para o conhecimento da doutrina jurídico-política produzida em momentos diferentes de um vasto período cronológico

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

[EN] Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3,4,5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes.S

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Desarrollo de una plataforma multiusuario en tiempo real

Este proyecto nace de la necesidad de crear un servidor que soporteaplicaciones en tiempo real multiusuario. Dado que en el mercado actualexisten diversas soluciones a esta necesidad, en una primera parte delproyecto estudiamos dichas soluciones y marcamos unos objetivos concretos.El siguiente paso es estudiar las tecnologías que usamos en el desarrollo de laaplicación, así como los propios programas de desarrollo. Posteriormentediseñamos un protocolo de comunicaciones que establezca las pautas para elintercambio de información. Seguidamente pasamos a diseñar e implementarel propio servidor de aplicaciones.De la creación de este servidor se deriva la necesidad de crear dosaplicaciones cliente que pretenden ser una guía que permita a futurosprogramadores desarrollar nuevas aplicaciones cliente así como configurarexitosamente el servidor.El siguiente paso es analizar el rendimiento y la capacidad de carga delservidor, comprobando que cumple con las expectativas fijadas.Por último, documentamos el proyecto en forma de esta memoria.El conjunto formado por el servidor, el protocolo de comunicaciones y las dosaplicaciones cliente conforman toda una plataforma robusta y escalable

Estudios Luso-Hispanos de Historia del Derecho II

This book brings together a set of studies that were presented and discussed at the III Spanish-Portuguese Meeting of Law Historians. They deal with central themes of the History of Law and Institutions in Modern and Contemporary eras, with special emphasis on the peninsular territories and also on the territories that made up, at different times, the Spanish and Portuguese empires. As a whole, they contribute to broaden and deepen the historical knowledge of aspects related to justice and the administration of the territories, the functioning of institutions (courts, universities, courts) and the discussion of legal concepts central to the knowledge of the legal-political doctrine produced at different times of a vast chronological period.publishe

Estudios Luso-Hispanos de Historia del Derecho II

Este libro reúne un conjunto de estudios que fueron presentados y discutidos en el III Encuentro hispano-luso de historiadores del Derecho. Tratan temas centrales de la historia del derecho y de las instituciones en la época moderna y contemporánea, con especial énfasis en los territorios peninsulares y también en los territorios que compusieron, en distintas épocas, los imperios español y portugués. En su conjunto, contribuyen a ampliar y profundizar el conocimiento histórico de aspectos relacionados con la justicia y la administración de los territorios, el funcionamiento de las instituciones (tribunales, universidades, Cortes) y la discusión de conceptos jurídicos centrales para el conocimiento de la doctrina jurídico-política producida en distintos momentos de un vasto período cronológico.Neste livro reúne-se um conjunto de estudos que foram apresentados e discutidos no III Encontro hispano-luso de historiadores do Direito. Neles são abordados temas centrais da história do direito e das instituições na época moderna e contemporânea, com especial incidência nos territórios peninsulares e também nos territórios que integraram, em momentos diversos, os impérios espanhol e português. No seu conjunto, contribuem para o alargamento e o aprofundamento do conhecimento histórico de aspectos ligados à justiça e à administração dos territórios, ao funcionamento das instituições (tribunais, universidades, Cortes) e à discussão de conceitos jurídicos centrais para o conhecimento da doutrina jurídico-política produzida em momentos diferentes de um vasto período cronológico.This book brings together a set of studies that were presented and discussed at the III Spanish-Portuguese Meeting of Law Historians. They deal with central themes of the History of Law and Institutions in Modern and Contemporary eras, with special emphasis on the peninsular territories and also on the territories that made up, at different times, the Spanish and Portuguese empires. As a whole, they contribute to broaden and deepen the historical knowledge of aspects related to justice and the administration of the territories, the functioning of institutions (courts, universities, courts) and the discussion of legal concepts central to the knowledge of the legal-political doctrine produced at different times of a vast chronological period.Apresentação. Em memória do professor António Manuel Hespanha / Cristina Nogueira da Silva, Margarida Seixas (pp. 11-16). -- L’illuminismo giuridico: strategia di dominio o progetto di emancipazione? / Pietro Costa (pp. 17-30). -- El gobernador general de Cataluña Requesens fiscalizado por seis inquisidores políticos (1421) / Daniel Álvarez-Gómez (pp. 31-56). -- Causas de remoción de la carga de expósitos en Galicia a través de los pleitos del Hospital Real de Santiago: siglo XVIII / Bouzada Gil (pp.57-82). -- Corte, administración y territorio en la edad moderna: propuesta de análisis en el ámbito ibérico / Ignacio Ezquerra (pp. 83-132). -- Dominium na doutrina de Francisco de Vitória: reflexões para a historiografia de um discurso jurídico moderno / Ana Caldeira Fouto (pp. 133-160). -- Régimen jurídico del examen de abogado ante el Real Acuerdo de la Chancillería de Valladolid (1495-1834) / Víctor Gautier Fernández (pp. 161-188). -- O pretenso tribunal de Resgate de cativos (o Regimento de 20 de Março de 1461) / Isabel Graes (pp. 189-214. -- Entre tribunales, ministros y procedimientos. La historiografía jurídica y social sobre las Audiencias reales en el Antiguo Régimen / Francisco Miguel Martín Blázquez (pp. 215-238). -- Do trabalho livre nos textos da Segunda Escolástica Peninsular: manuscritos portugueses no final do século XVI / Margarida Seixas (pp. 239-264). -- Domingo de Soto y la defensa del ius migrandi e ius communicationis en la controversia de la reforma de asistencia social del siglo XVI / Sandro Alex Souza Simões (pp. 265-286). -- Da ordem do juízo de 1526 à nova ordem do juízo de 1577: notas sobre reformas processuais no Portugal quinhentista / Jorge Veiga Testos (pp. 287-322). -- La II República y el Estatuto Orgánico de los territorios españoles del Golfo de Guinea / Jose Luis Bibang Ondo Eyang (pp. 323-352). -- A estranha alquimia da Cláusula Martens de 1864 até à I Conferência de Paz da Haia de 1899 / Anabela Paula Brízido (pp. 353-390). -- A influência internacional na elaboração das leis de caça em Moçambique colonial / Marcos Dias Coelho (pp. 391-410). -- El final de los pretendientes a oficios: perfil jurídico de una figura para la provisión de empleos en su última etapa (ca. 1805-1852) / Francisco Javier Díaz Majano (pp. 411-440). -- Constitución, Código y Sociedad Anónima (1812-1848) / Jesús Jimeno-Borrero (pp. 441-462). -- A reforma de Gonçalves Ferreira: o Estado Novo e os primórdios de um Sistema Nacional de Saúde em Portugal / Filipe de Arede Nunes (pp. 463-490). -- Incongruências do foro militar. O processo de Francisco Maximiliano de Sousa (1822-1823) / João Andrade Nunes (pp. 491-516). -- La reforma de la universidad en el siglo XX. 100 años del Plan Silió: el proyecto de autonomía de la Universidad de Granada / Marina Rojo Gallego-Burín (pp. 517-546). -- Teor e propósito da história do direito civil português Contemporâneo / Jorge Silva Santos (pp. 547-576). -- The diminished administration (about the Spanish government in the Philippines during the second half of the 19th century) / María Julia Solla Sastre (pp. 577-584). -- Três formatos jurídicos e relações coloniais conflituosas no norte de Moçambique (1894 - 1940) / Fernanda do Nascimento Thomaz (pp. 585-614). -- A fluidez do liberalismo oitocentista: uma análise do debate sobre eleições diretas ou indiretas nas Cortes Gerais e Extraordinárias da Nação Portuguesa (1821-1822) e na Primeira Assembleia Nacional Constituinte do Brasil (1823) / Maíra Tito (pp. 615-648

Serologic evidence of the recent circulation of Saint Louis encephalitis virus and high prevalence of equine encephalitis viruses in horses in the Nhecolândia sub-region in South Pantanal, Central-West Brazil

As in humans, sub-clinical infection by arboviruses in domestic animals is common; however, its detection only occurs during epizootics and the silent circulation of some arboviruses may remain undetected. The objective of the present paper was to assess the current circulation of arboviruses in the Nhecolândia sub-region of South Pantanal, Brazil. Sera from a total of 135 horses, of which 75 were immunized with bivalent vaccine composed of inactive Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and Western equine encephalitis virus(WEEV) and 60 were unvaccinated, were submitted to thorough viral isolation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and neutralization tests for Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), EEEV, WEEV and Mayaro virus (MAYV). No virus was isolated and viral nucleic-acid detection by RT-PCR was also negative. Nevertheless, the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in horses older than seven months was 43.7% for SLEV in equines regardless of vaccine status, and 36.4% for WEEV and 47.7% for EEEV in unvaccinated horses. There was no evidence of MAYV infections. The serologic evidence of circulation of arboviruses responsible for equine and human encephalitis, without recent official reports of clinical infections in the area, suggests that the Nhecolândia sub-region in South Pantanal is an important area for detection of silent activity of arboviruses in Brazil