Globalización e identidad. Un abordaje interdisciplinario

Desde hace unos años, mucho es lo que se habla acerca de la Globalización. Sin embargo, cuando debemos enseñar la problemática en nuestros cursos de ciencias sociales, resulta sumamente dificultoso abordar la cuestión desde una perspectiva clara y sistematizada. La Globalización es un fenómeno social sistémico, cuya complejidad se visualiza en los planos sin crónico y diacrónico. En este sentido, consideramos que exige un tratamiento multidisciplinario, en el que la economía, la sociología, la antropología y la geografía se combinen para abordar un objeto común, estableciendo determinados ejes de análisis, y en donde ninguna predomine estrictamente sobre las otras. Este trabajo pretende presentar una estrategia de exposición viable, en donde todas resultan incluidas.Fil: Fernández, Hugo Oscar. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Martín, Elsa Inés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Agustinho, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Bio-adhesives from soy protein concentrate and montmorillonite: Rheological and thermal behaviour

The incorporation of different amounts of montmorillonite (MMT) to soy protein concentrate (SPC) was used to improve the performance of the bio-nano-adhesive obtained. X-Ray diffraction, rheology, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electronic microscopy were carried out to characterize the adhesives, and dry and wet strength was used to determine the adhesion strength. In the rheological measurement, the incorporation of up to 3 wt% of MMT did not modify the consistency index values of the SPC, while an increase in the flow consistency index for higher concentrations can be observed due to a strong interaction between MMT and the protein. Besides, the flow point values increase four times with respect to the value obtained for SPC alone. The decomposition temperature of SPC increases with the addition of MMT, which provides a tortuous pathway that obstructs the diffusion of volatile products out of the bio-nano-adhesive. Further addition beyond 5 wt% led to the formation of agglomerates, as verified by SEM. Moreover, the roughness of the fractured surface of the matrix can explain the decrease of the net adhesion of the nano-particles to the SPC suspensions.Centro de Tecnología de Recursos Minerales y Cerámic

The cytoplasmic LIM domain protein Espinas contributes to photoreceptor layer selection in the visual system

One of the central questions in neurobiology is how neurons discriminate between one another during circuit assembly. A common strategy of many nervous systems is the organization of brain regions in layers, to facilitate that neurons encounter a limited repertoire of synaptic partners. The fly visual system, which is structured in layers like many regions of the vertebrate brain, is used to identify cell surface molecules that mediate recognition between neurons and allow them to extend to specific layers. However, little is known about the intracellular pathways that link cell surface molecules to the cytoskeleton to determine whether or not to stabilize in a layer. Flamingo and its vertebrate homologs CELSR1/2 are cell surface molecules with widespread roles in neurite growth. In the fly visual system in particular, Flamingo regulates layer selection of a particular neuronal type. Our data suggests that in this context, Flamingo signals to the cytoskeleton through the conserved cytoplasmic molecule Espinas/PRICKLE2. Given that Flamingo and Espinas, as well as their respective vertebrate homologs, are broadly expressed in the nervous system, elucidating the interactions between them can reveal conserved mechanisms and provide valuable insights into the assembly of neural circuits

Research methods in engineering design: a synthesis of recent studies using a systematic literature review

Producción CientíficaThe relation between scientific research and engineering design is fraught with controversy. While the number of academic PhD programs on design grows, because the discipline is in its infancy, there is no consolidated method for systematically approaching the generation of knowledge in this domain. This paper reviews recently published papers from four top-ranked journals in engineering design to analyse the research methods that are frequently used. The research questions consider the aim and contributions of the papers, as well as which experimental design and which sources of data are being used. Frequency tables show the high variety of approaches and aims of the papers, combining both qualitative and quantitative empirical approaches and analytical methods. Most of the papers focus on methodological concerns or on delving into a particular aspect of the design process. Data collection methods are also diverse without a clear relation between the type of method and the objective or strategy of the research. This paper aims to act as a valuable resource for academics, providing definitions related to research methods and referencing examples, and for researchers, shedding light on some of the trends and challenges for current research in the domain of engineering design.Universidad de Valladolid (PID 2020 21 038)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2020-118216RB-I00) and (PID2020-112584RB-C32)Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Role of Klotho and AGE/RAGE-Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway on the development of cardiac and renal fibrosis in diabetes

Fibrosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of long-term diabetic complications and contributes to the development of cardiac and renal dysfunction. The aim of this experimental study, performed in a long-term rat model, which resembles type 1 diabetes mellitus, was to investigate the role of soluble Klotho (sKlotho), advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptor for AGEs (RAGE), fibrotic Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and pro-fibrotic pathways in kidney and heart. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Glycaemia was maintained by insulin administration for 24 weeks. Serum and urine sKlotho, AGEs, soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and biochemical markers were studied. The levels of Klotho, RAGEs, ADAM10, markers of fibrosis (collagen deposition, fibronectin, TGF-β1, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway), hypertrophy of the kidney and/or heart were analysed. At the end of study, diabetic rats showed higher levels of urinary sKlotho, AGEs and sRAGE and lower serum sKlotho compared with controls without differences in the renal Klotho expression. A significant positive correlation was found between urinary sKlotho and AGEs and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR). Fibrosis and RAGE levels were significantly higher in the heart without differences in the kidney of diabetic rats compared to controls. The results also suggest the increase in sKlotho and sRAGE excretion may be due to polyuria in the diabetic rats

Exodoncia de diente supernumerario geminado en maxilar superior

Introducción: Los dientes supernumerarios constituyen una anomalía de número en la cual se excede la cantidad normal de piezas dentales. La geminación es una anomalía de forma que se caracteriza por la presencia de una corona bífida y una raíz común. Los dientes supernumerarios geminados son de rara aparición; indicar exámenes imagenológicos son importantes para determinar sus características y su relación con las estructuras vecinas. Objetivo: Presentar el caso clínico de un paciente con un diente supernumerario geminado. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo masculino de 23 años de edad, acude a la consulta odontológica por presentar una elevación del lado izquierdo en el paladar, sin molestias. En el examen clínico se observa un aumento de volumen de mucosa palatina de piezas dentales 24 y 25. Los exámenes de imagen fueron realizados y se diagnosticó un diente supernumerario geminado retenido, se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico y el paciente evolucionó favorablemente. Conclusión: Los dientes supernumerarios geminados son poco frecuentes, una oportuna y correcta evaluación imagenológica, le permitirá al clínico realizar un adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento

Native Trichoderma Isolates from Soil and Rootstock to Fusarium spp. Control and Growth Promotion of Humulus lupulus L. Plantlets

[EN] Fusarium genus is a wide host phytopathogen causing significant losses in multiple crops, including hops. There is limited information on the sustainable management of Fusarium spp. in hop fields. Trichoderma is an endophytic fungus used in agriculture as a biological control agent (BCA) and as a plant growth promoter. It has been used to antagonize Fusarium spp. in other crops. The objective of the current study was to identify indigenous hop field Trichoderma isolates with biocontrol and hop growth promotion capabilities. Three isolates of Fusarium and eleven autochthonous Trichoderma isolates collected from sustainable hop fields were evaluated in this work. Direct confrontation tests (the physical interaction between the pathogen and BCA and their competition for space and nutrient resources) and membrane tests (the capacity of the BCA to produce metabolites or enzymes through a cellophane film and inhibit the development of the pathogen) assessed the antagonism of these Trichoderma isolates against Fusarium culmorum, F. sambucinum, and F. oxysporum. A bioassay with hop plantlets inoculated with a spore suspension of Trichoderma was performed to assess its hop growth enhancement. T. hamatum (T311 and T324), T. virens T312, and T. gamsii T327 showed high growth inhibition of Fusarium spp. phytopathogens and high plant growth promotion. Native Trichoderma isolates from sustainable hop-producing soils have great potential as BCAs and hop growth promotersSIThis research was funded by the Ministerio de Universidades (Spain), grant number FPU19/03650 to A.J.P.-Á., and the Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (Spain), Quality Hops Operational Group, Innovations in the cultivation of hops in Spain to improve the sustainability of farms (2019/00179/001

Cell necrosis, intrinsic apoptosis and senescence contribute to the progression of exencephaly to anencephaly in a mice model of congenital chranioschisis

Amniotic fluid; Neonatal mortality; ExencephalyLíquido amniótico; Mortalidad neonatal; ExencefaliaLíquid amniòtic; Mortalitat neonatal; ExencefàliaExencephaly/anencephaly is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and the most extreme open neural tube defect with no current treatments and limited mechanistic understanding. We hypothesized that exencephaly leads to a local neurodegenerative process in the brain exposed to the amniotic fluid as well as diffuse degeneration in other encephalic areas and the spinal cord. To evaluate the consequences of in utero neural tissue exposure, brain and spinal cord samples from E17 exencephalic murine fetuses (maternal intraperitoneal administration of valproic acid at E8) were analyzed and compared to controls and saline-injected shams (n = 11/group). Expression of apoptosis and senescence genes (p53, p21, p16, Rbl2, Casp3, Casp9) was determined by qRT-PCR and protein expression analyzed by western blot. Apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay and PI/AV flow cytometry. Valproic acid at E8 induced exencephaly in 22% of fetuses. At E17 the fetuses exhibited the characteristic absence of cranial bones. The brain structures from exencephalic fetuses demonstrated a loss of layers in cortical regions and a complete loss of structural organization in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, dental gyrus and septal cortex. E17 fetuses had reduced expression of NeuN, GFAP and Oligodendrocytes in the brain with primed microglia. Intrinsic apoptotic activation (p53, Caspase9 and 3) was upregulated and active Caspase3 localized to the layer of brain exposed to the amniotic fluid. Senescence via p21-Rbl2 was increased in the brain and in the spinal cord at the lamina I-II of the somatosensory dorsal horn. The current study characterizes CNS alterations in murine exencephaly and demonstrates that degeneration due to intrinsic apoptosis and senescence occurs in the directly exposed brain but also remotely in the spinal cord.This work was supported by Prof. Jose L. Peiro internal Cincinnati Children's Hospital funding

La encuesta estudiantil como herramienta válida para el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje

Introducción: Las aulas son laboratorios en los que todos los actores participantes somos testigos privilegiados del continuo crecimiento de la relación enseñanza-aprendizaje. La función docente debe ser enriquecida y re pensada con una mirada crítica; por ello, esta experiencia pedagógica se enmarcó en las distintas acciones de la Cátedra de Materiales Dentales II de la Facultad de Odontología de Rosario (FOR) con la finalidad de enriquecer la enseñanza- aprendizaje, posibilitar un nuevo aporte en la generación de líneas de trabajo sobre esta temática, fortalecer la calidad de las herramientas pedagógicas utilizadas y contribuir significativamente a mejorar el desempeño docente en el aula. Objetivos: Proporcionar a los docentes una herramienta sólida y veraz, considerando la opinión de los alumnos para fortalecer la evolución del aprendizaje e incluir estrategias para optimizar las prácticas-técnicas.Facultad de Odontologí

Are smart glasses feasible for dispatch prehospital assistance during on-boat cardiac arrest? A pilot simulation study with fishermen.

The aim of the study was to explore feasibility of basic life support (BLS) guided through smart glasses (SGs) when assisting fishermen bystanders. Twelve participants assisted a simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on a fishing boat assisted by the dispatcher through the SGs. The SGs were connected to make video calls. Feasibility was assessed whether or not they needed help from the dispatcher. BLS-AED steps, time to first shock/compression, and CPR's quality (hands-only) during 2 consecutive minutes (1st minute without dispatcher feedback, 2nd with dispatcher feedback) were analyzed. Reliability was analyzed by comparing the assessment of variables performed by the dispatcher through SGs with those registered by an on-scene instructor. Assistance through SGs was needed in 72% of the BLS steps, which enabled all participants to perform the ABC approach and use AED correctly. Feasibility was proven that dispatcher's feedback through SGs helped to improve bystanders' performance, as after dispatcher gave feedback via SGs, only 3% of skills were incorrect. Comparison of on-scene instructor vs. SGs assessment by dispatcher differ in 8% of the analyzed skills: greatest difference in the "incorrect hand position during CPR" (on-scene: 33% vs. dispatcher: 0%). When comparing the 1st minute with 2nd minute, there were only significant differences in the percentage of compressions with correct depth (1st:48 ± 42%, 2nd:70 ± 31, p = 0.02). Using SGs in aquatic settings is feasible and improves BLS. CPR quality markers were similar with and without SG. These devices have great potential for communication between dispatchers and laypersons but need more development to be used in real emergencies