Defining invasive alien species from the roots up: lessons from the ‘De-eucalyptising Brigades’ in Galicia, Spain

Social and cultural perspectives are increasingly considered in the literature on invasive alien species (IAS), after decades of being underexplored. However, within this growing body of research, there is little investigation into the role and knowledge of everyday rural and environmentalist networks in defining and engaging with or against the expansion of IAS. This paper contributes to debates on the political and spatial implications of this concept, through a critical examination of the bottom-up initiative of the ‘De-eucalyptising Brigades' (Galicia, Spain), which aims to remove eucalyptus trees from community-based property lands. A survey of participants of this movement paired with semi-structured interviews show the relevance of social-cultural dynamics in defining IAS. Our results also show how investigating activism against forestry involving a potential IAS sheds light on the everyday conflicts around who defines IAS and how they are definedS

Cortisol, Maternal Stress, and Breastfeeding Rate at Hospital Discharge: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Breastfeeding is considered the best way to provide essential and necessary nutrients to the newborn, intervening in its growth and development. However, early abandonment of this method is quite common, due to various factors such as stress. Objectives: To determine whether the level of postpartum cortisol can serve as an indicator of maternal stress and whether there is a relationship between the level of cortisol and the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at hospital discharge. Methodology: Systematic review of the literature under the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were used. Original articles published from 2017 to 2022 in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish were included. All study designs were eligible. Of the 3,712 records initially identified, 15 studies were included in this review. Results: Elevated cortisol levels, due to immediate postpartum stressors, have direct effects on the performance of the essential hormones in breast milk production. The EBF rates are negatively influenced by perceived maternal stress. Conclusion: Cortisol levels may be a good indicator of the level of stress to which the mother is subjected during the immediate postpartum period

Sistematización de una practica docente significativa en educación primaria en una institución educativa pública del Municipio de Santa Rosa, Risaralda

Este trabajo surge de la necesidad de mejorar las practicas pedagógicas realizadas en la Institución Educativa Francisco José de Caldas Sede Atanasio Girardot que se realizan con respecto del área de Ciencia Naturales, necesidad que se evidencia en los resultados de las pruebas saber, publicados por el Ministerio de Educación nacional de Colombia, estos resultados indican que en el grado de “5° de primaria se encuentran en el nivel C (cerca del 40%), lo cual revela que: logran establecer relaciones sencillas entre fenómenos naturales que se presentan en su entorno cotidiano y escolar (identificar); buscan y usan información que proporcionan textos, tablas, gráficos y la que han obtenido de si propia experiencia (indagar) y son capaz de plantear alternativas de solución y explicación a problemas sencillos (explicar)1, también evidencia que los estudiantes tienen una incapacidad para explicar y dar solución a problemas sencillos de las ciencias naturales, conociendo estos resultados se llega a la hipótesis de que los estudiantes no han alcanzado las competencias suficientes en el área de ciencias naturales. las competencias en ciencias requieren desarrollarse a través de procesos de aprendizajes significativos, donde el docente en su aula utilice estrategias didácticas y pedagógicas, respondiendo a la diversidad del estudiantado, de tal manera que el estudiante construya conocimiento científico de forma concreta e incorpore nuevas estructuras cognitivas

Alteracións neuromusculares, biomecánicas, cinéticas e cinemáticas no membro inferior tras cirurxía do ligamento cruzado anterior

[Resumen] Objetivos. Identificar las alteraciones neuromusculares, biomecánicas, cinéticas y cinemáticas que se producen en el miembro inferior operado tras la cirugía de reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior en adultos jóvenes, así como las pruebas funcionales y los instrumentos de medida más empleados para identificar tales alteraciones. Material y métodos. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science y SportDiscus. Los criterios de selección se determinaron según tipo y número de participantes, tipos de estudios, tipo de disfunción neuromusculoesquelética evaluada, idioma y cobertura cronológica. Los términos clave utilizados fueron agrupados en 3 bloques: a) cirugía del ligamento cruzado anterior: "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction"; b) regiones anatómicas del miembro inferior: "Leg", "Hip", "Knee Joint", "Knee", "Ankle Joint", "Ankle", "Foot", "Foot Joints",y "Quadriceps Muscle"; c) tipo de alteraciones biomecánicas, cinéticas, cinemáticas y neuromusculares: "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Kinetics", "Feedback, Sensory", "Muscle Strength", "Muscle Weakness", "Muscular Diseases", "Gait", "Arthrometry, Articular", "Proprioception" y "Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena". Las variables de interés se subclasificaron según el tipo de estudio, características de los participantes, tipo de disfunción neuromusculo-esquelética analizada y tipos de medidas de resultados. Para la gestión bibliográfica se utilizó el programa Refworks. La valoración de la calidad metodológica de los artículos se realizó en base a los criterios de la escala Oxford y se evaluó el factor de impacto de las revistas según el JCR/SJR. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 12 artículos, de los cuales 11 demostraron alteraciones en el miembro inferior tras la cirugía del ligamento cruzado anterior. De entre los estudios seleccionados, se encontraron 3 longitudinales y 9 transversales. Los participantes incluídos fueron jóvenes que realizan actividad física habitual. Los resultados fueron medidos a través de contracciones musculares, umbrales de activación motores, ratios de activación centrales, reflejos miotendinosos y pruebas funcionales. En el ámbito neuromuscular se produce una disminución en la fuerza de cuádriceps e isquiotibiales. En el ámbito biomecánico, cinético y cinemático se produce un valgo dinámico de rodilla y una mayor absorción de cargas en otras articulaciones del miembro inferior. Discusión/conclusiones. Existen alteraciones neuromusculares, biomecánicas, cinéticas y cinemáticas tras la cirugía de LCA que se mantienen a largo plazo tras la cirugía; aunque se hace necesaria la realización de estudios longitudinales de una mejor calidad metodológica para alcanzar un nivel de evidencia más fuerte.[Abstract] Objectives. Identify the neuromuscular, biomechanic, kinetic and kinematic alterations that are produce in the operated lower limb after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery in young adults, as well as the functional tests and measures gadgets that are the most used to identify such alterations. Material and methods. Searchs were performed in the data bases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and SportDiscus. The search was limited by type and number of participants, type of neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction evaluated, language and chronological coverage. Key terms were grouped in 3 blocks: a) anterior cruciate ligament surgery: "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction"; b) anatomic regions of lower limb: "Leg", "Hip", "Knee Joint", "Knee", "Ankle Joint", "Ankle", "Foot", "Foot Joints",y "Quadriceps Muscle"; c) biomechanic, kinetic, kinematic and neuromuscular alterations: "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Kinetics", "Feedback, Sensory", "Muscle Strength", "Muscle Weakness", "Muscular Diseases", "Gait", "Arthrometry, Articular", "Proprioception" y "Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena". Variables of interest were subclasified according to the study type, participants characteristics, neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction type and outcomes measures type. Bybliographic management was performed by Refworks. Methodological quality assessment of articles was performed according to Oxford scale criteria and the magazines´ impact factor was performed according to JCR/SJR. Outcomes. 12 articles were selected, of which 11 demonstrated alterations in lower limb after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. In the selected studies, there were 3 longitudinal and 9 cross-sectiones. The participants included were young people who perform regular physical activity. The outcomes were measured trough muscular contractions, motor activation threshold, central activation ratio, myotendinosus reflex and functional tests. Within neuromuscular field was showed a decrease in the strenght of quadriceps and hamstrings. Within biomechanic, kinetic and kinematic field were showed a knee dynamic valgus and a increased absorption of charges in the other joints of lower limb. Discussion/conclusions. Analyzing the outcomes, we can conclude that there are alterations in lower limb after the anterior cruciate ligament, though it is neccesary the performance of studies with better methodological quality to obtain stronger evidence levels.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FCS). Fisioterapia. Curso 2015/2016

Dashboards and visualisation tools for enhancing creativity in business master students

[EN] Dashboards are a basic element in Data Science. Well planned dashboards help the staff of a company at all levels of the organization. They allow them to ask questions and respond them in real time. As a result, this information allows them to make appropriate decisions and facilitates innovation. A fundamental component in the dashboards are the visualizations by means of dynamic graphic objects that can be explored. These visualizations must be analyzed dynamically so that business master students can intuitively arrive at a series of insights that bring them closer to the nature of the problems. Learning by doing and consulting. We are going to use a dashboard about innovation elaborated by Bankinter Fundation in the Platform Google Data Analytics. The proposed teaching dynamic includes the formation of work teams of 5-7 students. The challenge start when each group pose several questions to the rest of the teams. To answer these questions the students must consult the proposed dashboard. There is a time limit to answer each question. The winner is the team that answers correctly more questions and explains the way to obtain this information. This way, students get used to dashboards and visualisation tools and start learning with a good dashboard model that prepares them to later select and design proper tools. As a further result, we have appreciated that using visualisation in teaching can increase student engagement and performance.González-Ladrón-De-Guevara, F.; Fernández-Diego, M. (2021). Dashboards and visualisation tools for enhancing creativity in business master students. IATED. 8799-8804. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1836S8799880

Potential and limitations of the ISBSG dataset in enhancing software engineering research: A mapping review

Context The International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) maintains a software development repository with over 6000 software projects. This dataset makes it possible to estimate a project s size, effort, duration, and cost. Objective The aim of this study was to determine how and to what extent, ISBSG has been used by researchers from 2000, when the first papers were published, until June of 2012. Method A systematic mapping review was used as the research method, which was applied to over 129 papers obtained after the filtering process. Results The papers were published in 19 journals and 40 conferences. Thirty-five percent of the papers published between years 2000 and 2011 have received at least one citation in journals and only five papers have received six or more citations. Effort variable is the focus of 70.5% of the papers, 22.5% center their research in a variable different from effort and 7% do not consider any target variable. Additionally, in as many as 70.5% of papers, effort estimation is the research topic, followed by dataset properties (36.4%). The more frequent methods are Regression (61.2%), Machine Learning (35.7%), and Estimation by Analogy (22.5%). ISBSG is used as the only support in 55% of the papers while the remaining papers use complementary datasets. The ISBSG release 10 is used most frequently with 32 references. Finally, some benefits and drawbacks of the usage of ISBSG have been highlighted. Conclusion This work presents a snapshot of the existing usage of ISBSG in software development research. ISBSG offers a wealth of information regarding practices from a wide range of organizations, applications, and development types, which constitutes its main potential. However, a data preparation process is required before any analysis. Lastly, the potential of ISBSG to develop new research is also outlined.Fernández Diego, M.; González-Ladrón-De-Guevara, F. (2014). Potential and limitations of the ISBSG dataset in enhancing software engineering research: A mapping review. Information and Software Technology. 56(6):527-544. doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2014.01.003S52754456

Application of mutual information-based sequential feature selection to ISBSG mixed data

[EN] There is still little research work focused on feature selection (FS) techniques including both categorical and continuous features in Software Development Effort Estimation (SDEE) literature. This paper addresses the problem of selecting the most relevant features from ISBSG (International Software Benchmarking Standards Group) dataset to be used in SDEE. The aim is to show the usefulness of splitting the ranked list of features provided by a mutual information-based sequential FS approach in two, regarding categorical and continuous features. These lists are later recombined according to the accuracy of a case-based reasoning model. Thus, four FS algorithms are compared using a complete dataset with 621 projects and 12 features from ISBSG. On the one hand, two algorithms just consider the relevance, while the remaining two follow the criterion of maximizing relevance and also minimizing redundancy between any independent feature and the already selected features. On the other hand, the algorithms that do not discriminate between continuous and categorical features consider just one list, whereas those that differentiate them use two lists that are later combined. As a result, the algorithms that use two lists present better performance than those algorithms that use one list. Thus, it is meaningful to consider two different lists of features so that the categorical features may be selected more frequently. We also suggest promoting the usage of Application Group, Project Elapsed Time, and First Data Base System features with preference over the more frequently used Development Type, Language Type, and Development Platform.Fernández-Diego, M.; González-Ladrón-De-Guevara, F. (2018). Application of mutual information-based sequential feature selection to ISBSG mixed data. Software Quality Journal. 26(4):1299-1325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-017-9391-5S12991325264Angelis, L., & Stamelos, I. (2000). 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Study on the Level of Knowledge in Dental Medical Emergencies of Dentistry Students through Neutrosophic Values

Abstract. This research carries out an analysis of the level of knowledge in dental medical emergencies of tenth semester dentistry students at Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes UNIANDES, during the academic period April-August 2019, related to the reception of first aid courses. For this purpose, we made use of the neutrosophic theory, through the application of the single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) associated to linguistic variables to evaluate the students' answers to the applied questionnaire. As a main result, we obtained a negative evaluation of the level of knowledge of dental medical emergencies for the students who have not received the first aid course

Rural governance against eucalyptus expansion in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Researchers, planners, and decision makers admit the need to take into account the social conflicts inherent to invasive species management in order to minimize controversy. These conflicts are mainly based on differences in values systems, thus causing antithetical policies in environmental management. On the topic of Eucalyptus plantations, this paper studies two cases in Galicia, a region under an emerging social fight between advocates and opponents: firstly, we analyze a local community that is progressively eradicating Eucalyptus through the principles of ecological restoration; and secondly, a planning initiative led by a local government with a common goal. In order to set the spatial and social dimensions of the conflict, the methodological approach is based on the components of cognitive hierarchy theory and risk perception theory. The results are discussed with the purpose of examining to what extent the case studies imply a new model of rural governance, and in this respect, are transferrable to other situations. We conclude that institutional non-interference in Eucalyptus management facilitates the emergence of diverse new governance practices in the local scale but endures the conflict in its regional dimensionThis research is supported by the PhD scholarship ”Programa de axudas á etapa predoutoral“ provided by the Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria) to D.C. (grant number ED481A-2018/263) and the research grant “Consolidación e estruturación. 2016 GRC GI-1871 Análise territorial” provided by the Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenamento Universitario) to the ANTE Research Group, directed by R.-C.L.-G. (grant number ED431CR-2016/010).S