Evaluación de daños y actuaciones de rehabilitación en la iglesia de San Nicolás de Eduardo Torroja (Gandía, 1962)

The church of San Nicolas in Gandia (1962), is the posthumous work of Eduardo Torroja Miret, engineer, in collaboration with Gonzalo Echegaray Comba, architect. The temple is characterized by its unique structure: two folded sheets of post-tensioned concrete, supported on the side walls, with 29 meters span. In 1996, the detection of cracks in the concrete and spalling, made it advisable an inspection and evaluation of the damages detected in the building, mostly caused by the corrosion of reinforcement concrete, and concluded by recommending repair them. This paper explains the structural system of the temple, describes the identified damages in the structure, exposes the refurbishment project and displays the works executed during the intervention. The work was completed just in time for the 50th anniversary of its construction in 2012.La iglesia de San Nicolás de Gandía (1962), es la obra póstuma del ingeniero Eduardo Torroja Miret, en colaboración con el arquitecto Gonzalo Echegaray Comba. El templo se caracteriza por su singular estructura: dos láminas plegadas de hormigón armado postesado, apoyadas en los testeros, salvando una luz de 29 m. En el año 1996, la detección de fisuras en el hormigón y desprendimientos de recubrimientos de las armaduras, hicieron aconsejable una inspección y evaluación exhaustiva de las lesiones que presentaba el edificio, mayormente producidas por la corrosión de las armaduras del hormigón, y que concluyó recomendando la reparación de las mismas. El presente trabajo explica el sistema estructural del templo, describe los daños detectados en la estructura, expone el proyecto de rehabilitación que se elaboró y muestra las obras que se ejecutaron durante la intervención. Las obras finalizaron justo para la celebración del 50 aniversario de su construcción en 2012

Spherical silicon photonic microcavities: From amorphous to polycrystalline

[EN] Shaping silicon as a spherical object is not an obvious task, especially when the object size is in the micrometer range. This has the important consequence of transforming bare silicon material in a microcavity, so it is able to confine light efficiently. Here, we have explored the inside volume of such microcavities, both in their amorphous and in their polycrystalline versions. The synthesis method, which is based on chemical vapor deposition, causes amorphous microspheres to have a high content of hydrogen that produces an onionlike distributed porous core when the microspheres are crystallized by a fast annealing regime. This substantially influences the resonant modes. However, a slow crystallization regime does not yield pores, and produces higher-quality-factor resonances that could be fitted to the Mie theory. This allows the establishment of a procedure for obtaining size calibration standards with relative errors of the order of 0.1%.This work was supported by Projects ENE2013-49987-EXP, MAT2012-35040, and MAT2015-69669-P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and Project PROMETEOII/2014/026 of the Regional Valencian Government. The authors greatly acknowledge the Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV for their valuable help in the structural characterization of the microspheres.Fenollosa Esteve, R.; Garín Escrivá, M.; Meseguer Rico, FJ. (2016). Spherical silicon photonic microcavities: From amorphous to polycrystalline. Physical review B: Condensed matter and materials physics. 93(23):235307-1-235307-8. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.235307S235307-1235307-8932

Medically Biodegradable Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Microspheres

[EN] Hydrogenated amorphous silicon colloids of low surface area (<5 m(2)/g) are shown to exhibit complete in-vitro biodegradation into orthosilicic acid within 10-15 days at 37 degrees C. When converted into polycrystalline silicon colloids, by high temperature annealing in an inert atmosphere, microparticle solubility is dramatically reduced. The data suggests that amorphous silicon does not require nanoscale porosification for full in-vivo biodegradability. This has significant implications for using a-Si:H coatings for medical implants in general, and orthopedic implants in particular. The high sphericity and biodegradability of submicron particles may also confer advantages with regards to contrast agents for medical imaging.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish CICyT projects, FIS2009-07812, Consolider CSD2007-046, MAT2009-010350 and PROMETEO/2010/043.Shabir, Q.; Pokale, A.; Loni, A.; Johnson, DR.; Canham, L.; Fenollosa Esteve, R.; Tymczenko, MK.... (2011). Medically Biodegradable Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Microspheres. Silicon. 3(4):173-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-011-9097-4S17317634Salonen J, Kaukonen AM, Hirvonen J, Lehto VP (2008) J Pharmaceutics 97:632–53Anglin EJ, Cheng L, Freeman WR, Sailor MJ (2008) Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1266–77O’Farrell N, Houlton A, Horrocks BR (2006) Int J Nanomedicine 1:451–72Canham LT (1995) Adv Mater 7:1037, PCT patent WO 97/06101,1999Park JH, Gui L, Malzahn G, Ruoslahti E, Bhatia SN, Sailor MJ (2009) Nature Mater 8:331–6Cullis AG, Canham LT, Calcott PDJ (1997) J Appl Phys 82:909–66Canham LT, Reeves CR (1996) Mat Res Soc Symp 414:189–90Edell DJ, Toi VV, McNeil VM, Clark LD (1992) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 39:635–43Fenollosa R, Meseguer F, Tymczenko M (2008) Adv Mater 20:95Fenollosa R, Meseguer F, Tymczenko M, Spanish Patent P200701681, 2007Pell LE, Schricker AD, Mikulec FV, Korgel BA (2004) Langmuir 20:6546Xifré-Perez E, Fenollosa R, Meseguer F (2011) Opt Express 19:3455–63Fenollosa R, Ramiro-Manzano F, Tymczenko M, Meseguer F (2010) J Mater Chem 20:5210Xifré-Pérez E, Domenech JD, Fenollosa R, Muñoz P, Capmany J, Meseguer F (2011) Opt Express 19–4:3185–92Rodriguez I, Fenollosa R, Meseguer F, Cosmetics & Toiletries 2010;42–49Ramiro-Manzano F, Fenollosa R, Xifré-Pérez E, Garín M, Meseguer F (2011) Adv Mater 23:3022–3025. doi: 10.1002/adma.201100986Iler RK (1979) Chemistry of silica: solubility, polymerization, colloid & surface properties & biochemistry. Wiley, New YorkTanaka K, Maruyama E, Shimado T, Okamoto H (1999) Amorphous silicon. Wiley, New York, NYPatterson AL (1939) Phys Rev 56:978–82Canham LT, Reeves CL, King DO, Branfield PJ, Gabb JG, Ward MC (1996) Adv Mater 8:850–2Iler RK In: Chemistry of silica: solubility, polymerization, colloid & surface properties &Biochemistry. Wiley, New York, NYFinnie KS, Waller DJ, Perret FL, Krause-Heuer AM, Lin HQ, Hanna JV, Barbe CJ (2009) J Sol-Gel Technol 49:12–8Zhao D, Huo Q, Feng J, Chmelka BF, Stucky GD (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120:6024–36Fan D, Akkaraju GR, Couch EF, Canham LT, Coffer JL (2010) Nanoscale 1:354–61Tasciotti E, Godin B, Martinez JO, Chiappini C, Bhavane R, Liu X, Ferrari M (2011) Mol Imaging 10:56–

Spain's Budget Neglects Research

Letter.-- Carlos Fenollosa et al.Peer Reviewe

All silicon waveguide spherical microcavity coupler device

[EN] This paper was published in OPTICS EXPRESS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1364/OE.19.003185. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under lawA coupler based on silicon spherical microcavities coupled to silicon waveguides for telecom wavelengths is presented. The light scattered by the microcavity is detected and analyzed as a function of the wavelength. The transmittance signal through the waveguide is strongly attenuated (up to 25 dB) at wavelengths corresponding to the Mie resonances of the microcavity. The coupling between the microcavity and the waveguide is experimentally demonstrated and theoretically modeled with the help of FDTD calculations. © 2011 Optical Society of America.The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from projects FIS2009-07812; Consolider Nanolight.es 2007/0046 and Nº 1841; the Spanish Education and Science Ministry, TEC2008- 06145; the Generalitat Valenciana, project PROMETEO/2008/092 and PROMETEO/2010/043; and project Apoyo a la investigación 2009 from Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, nº reg. 4325. E. Xifré-Pérez acknowledges the financial support from the program Juan de la Cierva (Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia). J. D. Doménech acknowledges the FPI research grant BES-2009-018381. Finally we thank Prof. J. Garcia de Abajo for providing us with the MESME theoretical program we have used in the calculation of electric field intensity distribution of the Mie modes.Xifre Perez, E.; Doménech Gómez, JD.; Fenollosa Esteve, R.; Muñoz Muñoz, P.; Capmany Francoy, J.; Meseguer Rico, FJ. (2011). All silicon waveguide spherical microcavity coupler device. Optics Express. 19(4):3185-3192. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.003185S31853192194Cai, M., Painter, O., Vahala, K. J., & Sercel, P. C. (2000). Fiber-coupled microsphere laser. Optics Letters, 25(19), 1430. doi:10.1364/ol.25.001430Knight, J. C., Dubreuil, N., Sandoghdar, V., Hare, J., Lefèvre-Seguin, V., Raimond, J. M., & Haroche, S. (1995). Mapping whispering-gallery modes in microspheres with a near-field probe. Optics Letters, 20(14), 1515. doi:10.1364/ol.20.001515Lefèvre-Seguin, V., & Haroche, S. (1997). Towards cavity-QED experiments with silica microspheres. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 48(1-2), 53-58. doi:10.1016/s0921-5107(97)00080-9Gorodetsky, M. L., Savchenkov, A. A., & Ilchenko, V. S. (1996). Ultimate Q of optical microsphere resonators. Optics Letters, 21(7), 453. doi:10.1364/ol.21.000453Vernooy, D. W., Ilchenko, V. S., Mabuchi, H., Streed, E. W., & Kimble, H. J. (1998). High-Q measurements of fused-silica microspheres in the near infrared. Optics Letters, 23(4), 247. doi:10.1364/ol.23.000247Vahala, K. J. (2003). Optical microcavities. Nature, 424(6950), 839-846. doi:10.1038/nature01939Serpengüzel, A., & Demir, A. (2008). Silicon microspheres for near-IR communication applications. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 23(6), 064009. doi:10.1088/0268-1242/23/6/064009Broaddus, D. H., Foster, M. A., Agha, I. H., Robinson, J. T., Lipson, M., & Gaeta, A. L. (2009). Silicon-waveguide-coupled high-Q chalcogenide microspheres. Optics Express, 17(8), 5998. doi:10.1364/oe.17.005998Yilmaz, Y. O., Demir, A., Kurt, A., & Serpenguzel, A. (2005). Optical channel dropping with a silicon microsphere. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17(8), 1662-1664. doi:10.1109/lpt.2005.850896Almeida, V. R., Barrios, C. A., Panepucci, R. R., & Lipson, M. (2004). All-optical control of light on a silicon chip. Nature, 431(7012), 1081-1084. doi:10.1038/nature02921Noda, S., Chutinan, A., & Imada, M. (2000). Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure. Nature, 407(6804), 608-610. doi:10.1038/35036532Fenollosa, R., Meseguer, F., & Tymczenko, M. (2008). Silicon Colloids: From Microcavities to Photonic Sponges. Advanced Materials, 20(1), 95-98. doi:10.1002/adma.200701589Xifré-Pérez, E., García de Abajo, F. J., Fenollosa, R., & Meseguer, F. (2009). Photonic Binding in Silicon-Colloid Microcavities. Physical Review Letters, 103(10). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.103902Conwell, P. R., Barber, P. W., & Rushforth, C. K. (1984). Resonant spectra of dielectric spheres. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1(1), 62. doi:10.1364/josaa.1.000062García de Abajo, F. J. (1999). Multiple scattering of radiation in clusters of dielectrics. Physical Review B, 60(8), 6086-6102. doi:10.1103/physrevb.60.6086Laine, J.-P., Tapalian, C., Little, B., & Haus, H. (2001). Acceleration sensor based on high-Q optical microsphere resonator and pedestal antiresonant reflecting waveguide coupler. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 93(1), 1-7. doi:10.1016/s0924-4247(01)00636-7Panitchob, Y., Murugan, G. S., Zervas, M. N., Horak, P., Berneschi, S., Pelli, S., … Wilkinson, J. S. (2008). Whispering gallery mode spectra of channel waveguide coupled Microspheres. Optics Express, 16(15), 11066. doi:10.1364/oe.16.011066Taillaert, D., Van Laere, F., Ayre, M., Bogaerts, W., Van Thourhout, D., Bienstman, P., & Baets, R. (2006). Grating Couplers for Coupling between Optical Fibers and Nanophotonic Waveguides. 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Silicon particles as trojan horses for potential cancer therapy

[EN] Background: Porous silicon particles (PSiPs) have been used extensively as drug delivery systems, loaded with chemical species for disease treatment. It is well known from silicon producers that silicon is characterized by a low reduction potential, which in the case of PSiPs promotes explosive oxidation reactions with energy yields exceeding that of trinitrotoluene (TNT). The functionalization of the silica layer with sugars prevents its solubilization, while further functionalization with an appropriate antibody enables increased bioaccumulation inside selected cells. Results: We present here an immunotherapy approach for potential cancer treatment. Our platform comprises the use of engineered silicon particles conjugated with a selective antibody. The conceptual advantage of our system is that after reaction, the particles are degraded into soluble and excretable biocomponents. Conclusions: In our study, we demonstrate in particular, specific targeting and destruction of cancer cells in vitro. The fact that the LD50 value of PSiPs-HER-2 for tumor cells was 15-fold lower than the LD50 value for control cells demonstrates very high in vitro specificity. This is the first important step on a long road towards the design and development of novel chemotherapeutic agents against cancer in general, and breast cancer in particular.The authors acknowledge financial support from the following projects FIS2009-07812, MAT2012-35040, PROMETEO/2010/043, CTQ2011-23167, CrossSERS, FP7 MC-IEF 329131, and HSFP (project RGP0052/2012) and Medcom Tech SA. Xiang Yu acknowledges support by the Chinese government (CSC, Nr. 2010691036).Fenollosa Esteve, R.; Garcia-Rico, E.; Alvarez, S.; Alvarez, R.; Yu, X.; Rodriguez, I.; Carregal-Romero, S.... (2014). Silicon particles as trojan horses for potential cancer therapy. 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