O sistema fotovoltaico como uma alternativa de energia renovável com menor impacto ambiental / The photovoltaic system as a renewable energy alternative with lower environmental impact

Geração de energia elétrica através da luz solar, é cada vez mais atrativa e popular na sociedade. Inúmeros motivos incentivam à instalação do sistema solar fotovoltaico, como financiamentos com juros inferiores, economia de energia elétrica, manutenção mínima, instalação ágil, possibilidade de instalação em lugares isolados e sem acesso de energia elétrica. Isso favorece o desenvolvimento sustentável com alternativas viáveis que estimulem o crescimento econômico com tão pouco impacto ambiental. A demanda em ser autossustentável, implicará nos assuntos expostos, de forma quantitativa e qualitativa através de informações sobre sua aplicação e viabilidade. O objetivo principal é expor a importância do sistema solar fotovoltaico, tanto para fins econômicos quanto ecológicos, uma vez que basicamente não produz resíduos que afetem o meio ambiente, sendo eficaz e possibilitando tornar as pessoas autossustentáveis, geradores de sua própria energia. Nesse trabalho é explicado o funcionamento do sistema, e os componentes necessários para seu bom funcionamento. Também, a parte prática, onde foram selecionadas algumas instalações na região de Marau no estado Rio Grande do Sul, para serem analisadas, constatando-se que é de suma importância a instalação destes sistemas, pois além de beneficiar quem o faz uso, ajuda na preservação do meio ambiente com energia limpa e sustentável

Treatment of class II furcation defects with autogenous bone graft associated with Bichat’s fat pad: case report

The periodontal treatment of teeth with furcation defect is clinically challenging. In cases of class II furcation defects, the regenerative surgery shows low morbidity and good prognosis when correctly indicated. The aim of the presentstudy is to report a treatment option for class II furcation defect through autogenous bone graft associated with the Bichat’s fat pad. Case report: A 59-year-old female patient was diagnosed with class II furcation defect in the left mandibular first molar. The treatment comprised surgical reconstruction of the defect with a combination of maxillary tuberosity bone graft and Bichat’s fat pad. The clinical and radiographic follow-up of 180 days showed bone formation inthe furcation area and absence of probing depth. Conclusion: An association of autogenous graft form the maxillary tuberosity with a Bichat’s fat pad proved to be a safe, low cost, and effective therapy for the regenerative treatment of class II furcation.The periodontal treatment of teeth with furcation defect is clinically challenging. In cases of class II furcation defects, the regenerative surgery shows low morbidity and good prognosis when correctly indicated. The aim of the presentstudy is to report a treatment option for class II furcation defect through autogenous bone graft associated with the Bichat’s fat pad. Case report: A 59-year-old female patient was diagnosed with class II furcation defect in the left mandibular first molar. The treatment comprised surgical reconstruction of the defect with a combination of maxillary tuberosity bone graft and Bichat’s fat pad. The clinical and radiographic follow-up of 180 days showed bone formation inthe furcation area and absence of probing depth. Conclusion: An association of autogenous graft form the maxillary tuberosity with a Bichat’s fat pad proved to be a safe, low cost, and effective therapy for the regenerative treatment of class II furcation

Surgical correction of vertical maxillary excess associated with mandibular self-rotation

Introduction: The Class I skeletal deformity associated with vertical maxillary excess is a rare condition reported in the literature. Surgical impaction allows the correction of the long face and gummy smile. Objective: This case report aimed to evaluate the positioning of the condyle after Le Fort I osteotomy associated with mandibular selfrotation. Case report: The patient underwent orthognathic surgery for the correction of maxillary vertical excess. Tomography studies were performed to evaluate the initial and final position of the condyle. The patient improved mastication, breathing and phonetics, with esthetic benefit. Conclusion: After the Le Fort I osteotomy and mandibular self-rotation, the condyle remained stable occupying a new anterior-superior position in the glenoid fossa and patient’s TMJremained asymptomatic after 9 months of postoperative follow-up.Introduction: The Class I skeletal deformity associated with vertical maxillary excess is a rare condition reported in the literature. Surgical impaction allows the correction of the long face and gummy smile. Objective: This case report aimed to evaluate the positioning of the condyle after Le Fort I osteotomy associated with mandibular selfrotation. Case report: The patient underwent orthognathic surgery for the correction of maxillary vertical excess. Tomography studies were performed to evaluate the initial and final position of the condyle. The patient improved mastication, breathing and phonetics, with esthetic benefit. Conclusion: After the Le Fort I osteotomy and mandibular self-rotation, the condyle remained stable occupying a new anterior-superior position in the glenoid fossa and patient’s TMJremained asymptomatic after 9 months of postoperative follow-up

AVALIAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE ESTIMATIVA DE NÚMERO DE HORAS FRIO PARA O SUL E SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ

As frutíferas de clima temperado necessitam acumular horas de frio para sair da dormência e iniciar a floração. Essas frutíferas são importantes para o Paraná; que é o quarto estado com maior produção. Por isso, o objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar o desempenho de quatro métodos de estimativa de número de horas de frio (NHF) para as cidades Fernandes Pinheiro, Francisco Beltrão, Guarapuava, Palmas, Pato Branco e Planalto; localizadas na região sul e sudoeste do Paraná relativo a 1980 a 2014. Para selecionar o melhor método de NHF foi realizada a análise de variância, seguida de comparação de médias, pelo teste Tukey (α=0,05), além da correlação (r), raiz do quadrado médio do erro (RQME) e BIAS. Para todas as cidades, o método de Pola e Angelocci foi o mais eficiente em estimar o número de horas de frio para a região, com menores valores de RQME, entre 26,4 a 46,4 horas. O método de Carbone e Schwartz foi o que apresentou os piores resultados em todas as cidades

Effect of the use of different periodontal curettes on the topography and roughness of root surface

Periodontal scaling is the treatment approach most used to remove dental calculus, plaque, and altered cementum from root surface. During root decontamination, the instruments used leave the root rougher and more irregular. Objective: To verify the root surface after mechanical scaling with different Gracey curettes steel through SEM and superficial roughness analyses. Material and methods: Twelve teeth were embedded in acrylic resin. The teeth were instrumented with new Gracey curettes Gracey 5/6 from different brands. The groups (n=2) were divided into: control, no instrumentation (GC); carbon steel (CSN); stainless steel Neumar (SSN); stainless steel Millenium (SSM); premium steel Neumar (PSN); Hu-Friedy (HF). An area measuring 3 x 3 mm2was marked on the distal surface of the root to guide the Reading of the root topography on SEM and rugosimeter. The data were analyzed by a single examiner previously calibrated. SEM analysis was based on scores of the root surface smoothness after scaling. We analyzed the parameters of mean roughness (Ra) and mean roughness deepness (Rz). SEM data were submitted to statistical analysis through Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.002) and roughness data by Anova followed by Student t test. Results: The quality of the active surface of the curette demonstrated by SEM and roughness analyses that it can exert difference in the result regarding to the homogeneity produced after the scaling of root surface. Group SSM demonstrated a homogenous root surface (score 0) in SEM and better smoothness in rugosimeter analysis. Conclusion: According to com the methodology used, the group of curettes that provided better smoothness of root surface after scaling was SSM

A CADEIA DE CUSTÓDIA NA COLETA DA PROVA DIGITAL DE ACORDO COM A LEI 13.964/2019, DOS SEUS ARTIGOS 158-A AO 158-F

The present study aimed to identify the procedures necessary to carry out the collection of digital evidence and report the risk factors that can harm the digital evidence obtained on the understanding of scholars about the valuation or nullity of evidence that had no chain of custody or there was violation of your chain of custody. For this, bibliographic research was used. It was found that due to the nature of digital evidence, it was necessary to standardize its treatment in order to guarantee its integrity and authenticity. Regarding the positions of the eminent authors regarding the solution of the breach of the chain of custody, they are frontally contrary, inclining the majority doctrine in the sense that any vices in the chain of custody do not, in and of themselves, entail the inadmissibility or nullity of the test.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los procedimientos necesarios para realizar la recolección de pruebas digitales y reportar los factores de riesgo que pueden perjudicar la prueba digital obtenida al entender a los adoctrinadores sobre la valoración o nulidad de las pruebas que no tenían cadena de custodia o tenían una violación de su cadena de custodia. Para ello, se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica y la investigación documental con un enfoque inductivo. Se determinó que, debido a la naturaleza de las pruebas digitales, era necesario normalizar su tratamiento a fin de garantizar su integridad y autenticidad. Sobre las posiciones de los eminentes autores en cuanto a la solución de la ruptura de la cadena de custodia, son frontalmente contrarias, inclinando la doctrina mayoritaria en el sentido de que los eventuales vicios en la cadena de custodia no implican, en plan y por sí mismo, la inadmisibilidad o nulidad de las pruebas.O presente estudo teve objetivo de identificar os procedimentos necessários para a realização da coleta da prova digital e relatar os fatores de risco que podem prejudicar a prova digital obtida sobre entendimento dos doutrinadores sobre a valoração ou nulidade da prova que não teve cadeia de custódia ou houve violação da sua cadeia de custódia. Para tal foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas. Constatou-se que em virtude da natureza da evidência digital, foi necessário padronizar o seu tratamento a fim de garantir sua integridade e autenticidade. Sobre as posições dos eminentes autores quanto à solução da quebra da cadeia de custódia, são frontalmente contrárias, inclinando a doutrina majoritária no sentido de que eventuais vícios na cadeia de custódia não acarretam, de plano e por si só, a inadmissibilidade ou a nulidade da prova

Estudio de la viabilidad de la integración de un Sistema de Posicionamiento Óptico en el entorno de la radioterapia intraoperatoria

Actas de: XXIX Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Espñaola de Ingeniería Biomédica (CASEIB 2011). Cáceres, 16-18 Noviembre 2011.La radioterapia intraoperatoria (RIO) es una técnica que combina cirugía y radioterapia, que se aplica en pacientes con tumores para los que se ha indicado su resección y con alto riesgo recidivante. El oncólogo radioterapeuta planifica esta intervención sobre una imagen TAC del paciente. Sin embargo, los datos del escenario real encontrado en la sala de tratamiento (posición y orientación del aplicador respecto del paciente y energía del haz) se deben recoger de forma manual para actualizar la planificación. Esta información es muy valiosa para la documentación y posterior seguimiento del procedimiento realizado. En este trabajo se evalúa la viabilidad de la integración de un sistema de posicionamiento óptico en el entorno RIO, y su precisión para localizar el aplicador sobre la imagen de planificación.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Minsiterio de Ciencia e Innovación (PI09/90568 IPT-3000000-2010-3, TEC2010-21619-C04-01), la Comunidad de Madrid (ARTEMIS S2009/DPI-1802) y fondos FEDER.Publicad

Impurity-enhanced solid-state amorphization : the Ni-Si thin film reaction altered by nitrogen

Solid-state amorphization, the growth of an amorphous phase during annealing, has been studied in a wide variety of thin film structures. Whereas research on the remarkable growth of such a metastable phase has mostly focused on strictly binary systems, far less is known about the influence of impurities on such reactions. In this paper, the influence of nitrogen, introduced via ion implantation, is studied on the solid-state amorphization reaction of thin (35 nm) Ni films with Si, using in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, XTEM, and synchrotron XRD. It is shown that due to small amounts of nitrogen (<2 at.%), an amorphous Ni-Si phase grows almost an order of magnitude thicker during annealing than for unimplanted samples. Nitrogen hinders the nucleation of the first crystalline phases, leading to a new reaction path: the formation of the metal-rich crystalline silicides is suppressed in favour of an amorphous Ni-Si alloy; during a brief temperature window between 330 and 350 degrees C, the entire film is converted to an amorphous phase. The first crystalline structure to grow is the orthorhombic NiSi phase. We demonstrate that this impurity-enchanced solid-state amorphization reaction occurs only under specific implantation conditions. In particular, the initial distribution of nitrogen upon implantation is crucial: sufficient nitrogen impurities must be present at the interface throughout the reaction. Introducing implantation damage without nitrogen impurities (e.g. by implanting a noble gas) does not cause the enhanced solid-state amorphization reaction. Moreover, we show that the stabilizing effect of nitrogen on amorphous Ni-Si films (with a composition ranging from 40% to 50% Si) is not restricted to thin film reactions, but is a general feature of the Ni-Si system