The Hardy Space of a Slit Domain

If H is a Hilbert space and T : H ? H is a continous linear operator, a natural question to ask is: What are the closed subspaces M of H for which T M ? M? Of course the famous invariant subspace problem asks whether or not T has any non-trivial invariant subspaces. This monograph is part of a long line of study of the invariant subspaces of the operator T = M (multiplication by the independent variable z, i. e. , M f = zf ) on a z z Hilbert space of analytic functions on a bounded domain G in C. The characterization of these M -invariant subspaces is particularly interesting since it entails both the properties z of the functions inside the domain G, their zero sets for example, as well as the behavior of the functions near the boundary of G. The operator M is not only interesting in its z own right but often serves as a model operator for certain classes of linear operators. By this we mean that given an operator T on H with certain properties (certain subnormal operators or two-isometric operators with the right spectral properties, etc.), there is a Hilbert space of analytic functions on a domain G for which T is unitarity equivalent to M.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1095/thumbnail.jp

The Domino Effects of Federal Research Funding

The extent to which federal investment in research crowds out or decreases incentives for investment from other funding sources remains an open question. Scholarship on research funding has focused on the relationship between federal and industry or, more comprehensively, non-federal funding without disentangling the other sources of research support that include nonprofit organizations and state and local governments. This paper extends our understanding of academic research support by considering the relationships between federal and non-federal funding sources provided by the National Science Foundation Higher Education Research and Development Survey. We examine whether federal research investment serves as a complement or substitute for state and local government, nonprofit, and industry research investment using the population of research-active academic science fields at U.S. doctoral granting institutions. We use a system of two equations that instruments with prior levels of both federal and non-federal funding sources and accounts for time-invariant academic institution-field effects through first differencing. We estimate that a 1% increase in federal research funding is associated with a 0.411% increase in nonprofit research funding, a 0.217% increase in state and local research funding, and a 0.468% increase in industry research funding, respectively. Results indicate that federal funding plays a fundamental role in inducing complementary investments from other funding sources, with impacts varying across academic division, research capacity, and institutional control

Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Bioactive Glass hybrid scaffolds obtained by lyophilization

One of the important research topics in tissue engineering is the development of optimum three-dimensional scaffolds for regeneration and growth of bone tissue. The scaffold developed should promote an initial bio-mechanical support, provide the formation, deposition and organization of the new organic matrix generated, and degrade proportionally to the growth of the new tissue. In this study hybrid scaffolds based on the blend Chitosan (CHI)/Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), with two different CHI:PVA molar ratios (1:1, and 3:1), and Bioactive Glass as the inorganic phase, were developed by a sol-gel route, followed by lyophilization. The materials were cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde. The obtained porous scaffolds were characterized by SEM, FTIR, porosity measurements by Archimedes method, and compression test. The in vitro degradation was studied by immersion in simulated body fluid for several time periods and evaluation of mass loss. Citotoxi-city analysis was carried out on samples as prepared and after immersion in PBS solution for 24hrs, using human fibroblast cells and MTT method to evaluate cell viability. The matrices obtained showed promising results, presenting about 96% porosity, pore size varying in the range 20-300 μm, and interconnected pores. The mass loss presented by the matrices with CHI/PVA ratios 3:1 and 1:1 during the degradation test in vitro, was around 10% after a week of testing, with macroscopic preservation of their physical structure. Cytotoxi-city tests showed that the samples were toxic as produced and not toxic after treatment with PBS, showing this approach was suitable as a final preparation step of these samples.Fil: Da Silva, Alexandra Rodrigues Pereira. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Macedo, Tais Lício. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Coletta, Dante Jesus. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Laboratorio de Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular y Terapias Emergentes; ArgentinaFil: Feldman, Sara. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Laboratorio de Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular y Terapias Emergentes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Marivalda de Magalhães. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasi

Intrinsic connectivity in the human brain does not reveal networks for ‘basic’ emotions

We tested two competing models for the brain basis of emotion, the basic emotion theory and the conceptual act theory of emotion, using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fcMRI). The basic emotion view hypothesizes that anger, sadness, fear, disgust and happiness each arise from a brain network that is innate, anatomically constrained and homologous in other animals. The conceptual act theory of emotion hypothesizes that an instance of emotion is a brain state constructed from the interaction of domain-general, core systems within the brain such as the salience, default mode and frontoparietal control networks. Using peak coordinates derived from a meta-analysis of task-evoked emotion fMRI studies, we generated a set of whole-brain rs-fcMRI ‘discovery’ maps for each emotion category and examined the spatial overlap in their conjunctions. Instead of discovering a specific network for each emotion category, variance in the discovery maps was accounted for by the known domain-general network. Furthermore, the salience network is observed as part of every emotion category. These results indicate that specific networks for each emotion do not exist within the intrinsic architecture of the human brain and instead support the conceptual act theory of emotion

Uso de método anticonceptivo previo al embarazo, asesoramiento y preferencia posterior en puérperas del Hospital de Clínicas.

Florencia Feldman: Residente de la Clínica Ginecotocológica B Prof. Dr. Washington Lauría. Hospital de Clínicas Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Uruguay. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-2394-6937 -- Alexandra Pires: Estudiante de pregrado. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Uruguay. ORCID: 0000-0002-2909-6697-- Victoria Nogueira: Estudiante de pregrado. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Uruguay. ORCID: 0000-0003-1164-4349 -- Estefany Diaz: Ex Asistente de la de la Clínica Ginecotocológica B Prof. Dr. Washington Lauría. Hospital de Clínicas. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Uruguay. ORCID: 0000-0002-3903-4414 -- Claudia Goncales : Asistente obstetra-partera de la Clínica Ginecotocológica B Prof. Dr. Washington Lauría. Hospital de Clínicas. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Uruguay. ORCID: 0000-0002-95021335 -- Grazzia Rey: Prof. Agregado de la Clínica Ginecotocológica B Prof. Dr. Washington Lauría. Hospital de Clínicas. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Uruguay. ORCID: 0000-0002-5970-6302Nota de contribución: Dra. Florencia Feldman: Concepción y diseño del estudio, Análisis e interpretación de los datos o resultados, Análisis estadísticos de los datos o resultados.-- Br. Alexandra Pires: Recolección de los datos o realización de los experimentos, Elaboración de un borrador del manuscrito. -- Br. Victoria Nogueira: Recolección de los datos o realización de los experimentos, Elaboración de un borrador del manuscrito. -- Dra. Estefany Diaz: Supervisión del trabajo. Op. -- Claudia Goncales: Recolección de los datos o realización de los experimentos, Elaboración de un borrador del manuscrito.-- Dra. Grazzia Rey: Supervisión del trabajo.Los derechos sexuales y reproductivos son derechos que todo individuo debe conocer. La planificación familiar se logra mediante la utilización de métodos anticonceptivos. Si bien se ofrece un amplio abanico de estos en el hospital, no todos reciben orientación, siendo el periodo grávido-puerperal una oportunidad única para realizar la consejería en anticoncepción. El objetivo es evaluar el uso de anticonceptivos previo al embarazo, el asesoramiento durante el puerperio y la elección de anticonceptivos posterior en una población de este hospital. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal realizado a partir de una encuesta durante el puerperio de las puérperas del Hospital de Clínicas, en el periodo 01/02/2019 a 31/07/2019. Se evaluaron 220 pacientes. 79,5% de los embarazos no fue planificado. Del total de entrevistadas 35,5% no utilizaba método anticonceptivo previo al embarazo y 33% no habían tenido asesoramiento. Previo al embarazo, los anticonceptivos más usados fueron los anticonceptivos orales combinados (64,1%) y 50% refiere un uso no correcto. 81,6% recibió asesoramiento durante el puerperio. Los anticonceptivos que las pacientes refieren haber recibido mayor información durante el puerperio fueron: implante subdérmico (65,8%) y DIU (48%). 44,1% no recibió información de las contraindicaciones y efectos adversos. Los anticonceptivos más elegidos fueron: implante subdérmico (41,4%), ligadura tubaria (21,8%) y DIU (14,5%). La eficacia (60,1%) y facilidad de uso (43,9%) fueron los motivos más frecuentes de elección. La mayoría de los embarazos fueron no planificados y casi una tercera parte no utilizaba método anticonceptivo previo y nunca habían recibido asesoramiento. Durante el puerperio, la mayoría refiere haber sido asesorada en planificación familiar y optado por alguno de los métodos anticonceptivos, siendo los más frecuentemente elegidos los métodos reversibles de larga duración por su facilidad de uso y eficacia.Sexual and reproductive rights are rights that every individual must know. Family planning is achieved through the use of contraceptive methods. Although a wide range of these are offered in the hospital, not all of them receive counseling, and the pregnancy-puerperal period is a unique opportunity to carry out contraception counseling. The objective is to evaluate the use of contraceptives prior to pregnancy, counseling during the puerperium and the choice of later contraception in a population of this hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out based on a survey during the puerperium of the puerperal women of the Hospital de Clínicas, in the period 01/02/2019 to 31/07/2019. 220 patients were evaluated. 79.5% of the pregnancies were unplanned. Of the total interviewed, 35.5% did not use contraception prior to pregnancy and 33% had not had counseling. Before pregnancy, the most used contraceptives were combined oral contraceptives (64.1%) and 50% reported incorrect use. 81.6% received counseling during the puerperium. The contraceptives that the patients reported having received more information during the puerperium were: subdermal implant (65.8%) and IUD (48%). 44.1% did not receive information on contraindications and adverse effects. The most chosen contraceptives were: subdermal implant (41.4%), tubal ligation (21.8%) and IUD (14.5%). Efficacy (60.1%) and ease of use (43.9%) were the most frequent reasons for choice. Most of the pregnancies were unplanned and almost a third were not using prior contraception and had never received counseling. During the puerperium, the majority reported having been counseled on family planning and opted for one of the contraceptive methods, the long-lasting reversible methods being the most frequently chosen for their ease of use and efficacy.Os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos são direitos que todo indivíduo deve conhecer. O planejamento familiar é realizado por meio do uso de métodos anticoncepcionais. Embora muitos deles sejam oferecidos no hospital, nem todos recebem aconselhamento, e o período gravídico-puerperal é uma oportunidade única para realizar aconselhamento anticoncepcional. O objetivo é avaliar o uso de anticoncepcionais antes da gravidez, o aconselhamento durante o puerpério e a escolha da contracepção posterior em uma população deste hospital. Realizou-se estudo transversal descritivo com base em inquérito no puerpério das puérperas do Hospital de Clínicas, no período de 02/01/2019 a 31/07/2019. 220 pacientes foram avaliados. 79,5% das gestações não foram planejadas. Do total de entrevistadas, 35,5% não usavam anticoncepcionais antes da gravidez e 33% não haviam feito aconselhamento. Antes da gravidez, os anticoncepcionais mais usados eram os anticoncepcionais orais combinados (64,1%) e 50% relataram o uso incorreto. 81,6% receberam aconselhamento durante o puerpério. Os contraceptivos que as pacientes relataram ter recebido mais informações durante o puerpério foram: implante subdérmico (65,8%) e DIU (48%). 44,1% não receberam informações sobre contra-indicações e efeitos adversos. Os anticoncepcionais mais escolhidos foram: implante subdérmico (41,4%), laqueadura (21,8%) e DIU (14,5%). Eficácia (60,1%) e facilidade de uso (43,9%) foram os motivos de escolha mais frequentes. A maioria das gestações não foi planejada e quase um terço não estava usando anticoncepcionais anteriores e nunca havia recebido aconselhamento. No puerpério, a maioria relatou ter sido orientada sobre planejamento familiar e optado por um dos métodos contraceptivos, sendo os métodos reversíveis de longa duração os mais escolhidos pela facilidade de uso e eficácia

Analyzing the Large-Scale Bulk Flow using CosmicFlows4: Increasing Tension with the Standard Cosmological Model

We present an estimate of the bulk flow in a volume of radii $150-200h^{-1}$Mpc using the minimum variance (MV) method with data from the CosmicFlows-4 (CF4) catalog. The addition of new data in the CF4 has resulted in an increase in the estimate of the bulk flow in a sphere of radius $150h^{-1}$Mpc relative to the CosmicFlows-3 (CF3). This bulk flow has less than a $0.03\%$ chance of occurring in the Standard Cosmological Model ($\Lambda$CDM) with cosmic microwave background derived parameters. Given that the CF4 is deeper than the CF3, we were able to use the CF4 to accurately estimate the bulk flow on scales of $200h^{-1}$Mpc (equivalent to 266 Mpc for Hubble constant $H_o=75$ km/s/Mpc) for the first time. This bulk flow is in even greater tension with the Standard Model, having less than $0.003\%$ probability of occurring. To estimate the bulk flow accurately, we introduce a novel method to calculate distances and velocities from distance moduli that is unbiased and accurate at all distances. Our results are completely independent of the value of $H_o$.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

Detected fluctuations in SDSS LRG magnitudes: Bulk flow signature or systematic?

In this paper we search for a signature of a large scale bulk flow by looking for fluctuations in the magnitudes of distant LRGs. We take a sample of LRGs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with redshifts of z>0.08 over a contiguous area of sky. Neighboring LRG magnitudes are averaged together to find the fluctuation in magnitudes as a function of R.A.. The result is a fluctuation of a few percent in flux across roughly 100 degrees. The source of this fluctuation could be from a large scale bulk flow or a systematic in our treatment of the data set, or the data set itself. A bulk flow model is fitted to the observed fluctuation, and the three bulk flow parameters, its direction and magnitude: alpha_b, delta_b, v_b are constrained. We find that the bulk flow direction is consistent with the direction found by other authors, with alpha_b 180, delta_b -50. The bulk flow magnitude however was found to be anomalously large with v_b>4000km/s. The LRG angular selection function cannot be sufficiently taken into account in our analysis with the available data, and may be the source of either the anomalous magnitude of the bulk flow signal, or possibly the entire fluctuation. However, the fluctuation indicates a bulk flow direction very close to those found using other data sets and analyses. Further investigation with upcoming data is required to confirm this detection.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. V2: citations added to the introduction and a paragraph to the discussion. V3: Accepted by MNRAS. 1 figure, additional clarifications, discussion and references adde

Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Bioactive Glass hybrid scaffolds obtained by lyophilization

One of the important research topics in tissue engineering is the development of optimum three-dimensional scaffolds for regeneration and growth of bone tissue. The scaffold developed should promote an initial biomechanical support, provide the formation, deposition and organization of the new organic matrix generated, and degrade proportionally to the growth of the new tissue. In this study hybrid scaffolds based on the blend Chitosan (CHI)/Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), with two different CHI:PVA molar ratios (1:1, and 3:1), and Bioactive Glass as the inorganic phase, were developed by a sol-gel route, followed by lyophilization. The materials were cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde. The obtained porous scaffolds were characterized by SEM, FTIR, porosity measurements by Archimedes method, and compression test.  The in vitro degradation was studied by immersion in simulated body fluid for several time periods and evaluation of mass loss. Citotoxicity analysis was carried out on samples as prepared and after immersion in PBS solution for 24hrs, using human fibroblast cells and MTT method to evaluate cell viability. The matrices obtained showed promising results, presenting about 96% porosity, pore size varying in the range 20-300 µm, and interconnected pores. The mass loss presented by the matrices with CHI/PVA ratios 3:1 and 1:1 during the degradation test in vitro, was around 10% after a week of testing, with macroscopic preservation of their physical structure. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the samples were toxic as produced and not toxic after treatment with PBS, showing this approach was suitable as a final preparation step of these samples. Keywords: Chitosan, PVA, bioactive glass, lyophilization, porosity, scaffold

Evidence for a Large-Scale Brain System Supporting Allostasis and Interoception in Humans

Large-scale intrinsic brain systems have been identified for exteroceptive senses (e.g., sight, hearing, touch). We introduce an analogous system for representing sensations from within the body, called interoception, and demonstrate its relation to regulating peripheral systems in the body, called allostasis. Employing the recently introduced Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding (EPIC) model, we used tract-tracing studies of macaque monkeys, followed by two intrinsic functional magnetic resonance imaging samples (N = 280 and N = 270) to evaluate the existence of an intrinsic allostatic/interoceptive system in the human brain. Another sample (N = 41) allowed us to evaluate the convergent validity of the hypothesized allostatic/interoceptive system by showing that individuals with stronger connectivity between system hubs performed better on an implicit index of interoceptive ability related to autonomic fluctuations. Implications include insights for the brain’s functional architecture, dissolving the artificial boundary between mind and body, and unifying mental and physical illness