Gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with diseases of the respiratory tract

The European community of gastroenterologists in 1997 recognized GERB as "illness of the 21st century". Diseases of a respiratory tract take the leading place among all extra esophageal implications of a gastroesophageal reflux disease. Among them bronchial asthma and a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most widespread. The study of the features of the current and modern methods of diagnosing bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease is of great importance for identifying potential obstacles to effective treatment and preventing an increase in the risk of hospitalizations of patients with this co-morbid pathology. The morbidity of the pathology of the respiratory tract, combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease, is steadily growing. There is a large number of publications concerning the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, but the etiopathogenesis and the cause-and-effect relationship of these diseases remain in question. 1t is interesting to note that the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea is not included in the list of extra-oesophageal manifestations, both probably and reliably associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (according to the Montreal Consensus, 2006), but is of great interest to researchers in recent years

Current State of Pasture Vegetation of the Arid Zone (On the Example of Key Rural Municipalities of the Republic of Kalmykia)

The article presents the results of field observations over 2012–2018 carried out by the Department of Environmental Research of the Institute for Complex Studies of Arid Territories. The work includes materials on the climatic review and the original results of geobotanical investigation of 5 farms in rural municipalities of the Republic of Kalmykia (RK) over the period of the study. We used materials of a large geobotanical survey of YUZHNIIGIPROZEM Company (1991–1995) and materials of earth remote sensing (by Landsat satellite). According to the studies, the period from 2012 to 2018 demonstrates a general trend of climate warming throughout the territory of Kalmykia accompanied by a decrease in precipitation and an increase in extreme droughts in the summer. Geoecological monitoring of pastures at five key sites of the RK revealed that in the dry steppe zone (Manych municipality) and in the semi-desert zone (Khanatinsky municipality), deterioration of pastures is observed; in the desert zone (Adykovskoye municipality), significant degradation processes were identified associated with strong anthropogenic impact and fires, manifested in the loss of valuable food crops (wormwood) and increased influence of cereal crops. Floristic and phytocenotic analyzes revealed an increase in the number of plant species in the weed and ruderal groups

DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF HYBRID PEACH CULTIVARS BRED AT NIKITSKY BOTANICAL GARDENS

Peach is notable for its drought resistance as well as sensibility to moisture conditions. Therefore, improvement of breeding material and development of drought-resistant varieties can be numbered among our most pressing tasks. The object of research was 39 peach hybrid forms developed at Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. Throughout the research period the total water content in the leaves of hybrid forms amounted to 50.2-58.9%. The water deficit in leaves ranged from 11.2 to 25.9%. In the process of wilting the leaves of peach hybrid forms lost 26.4-39.8% of moisture content within 24 hours. High regeneration capacity of leaf surface (up to 86.2%) was observed in 3 early and 5 midripening forms. This research allowed us to identify hybrid forms with high drought tolerance, including 5 early-, 4 mid- and 1 late-ripening forms

The role of non-commercial cyprinids in maintenance and spread of the opisthorchiasis focus in the middle Ob River basin (Tomsk region, Russia)

The study assessed the role of non-commercial cyprinid species in maintaining the opisthorchiasis focus in the middle Ob River basin, Tomsk region, Russia. The source of O. felineus infection for humans and carnivores is fish of the family Cyprinidae. This is the most numerous family, 14 species live in the middle Ob River basin, which includes 6 commercial species and 8 non-commercial species. This study aimed to investigate the current situation on infestation of non-commercial cyprinids with O. felineus metacercariae and their role in maintaining and spreading the natural focus of opisthorchiasis in the middle Ob River basin. We investigated 4 non-commercial species (tench, sunbleak, common bleak, gudgeon), which are highly abundant in water bodies. Tench, common bleak and gudgeon are objects of amateur fishing. These species are traditionally included in the diet of the local population. Opisthorchis felineus metacercariae were recorded in muscles of all the examined fish species. The identification of metacercariae was confirmed by morphological methods and PCR diagnostics. Tench and sunbleak are the main sources of opisthorchiasis infection in the floodplain lakes of the Ob River basin (the prevalence of tench infection is 89.3% and mean intensity of infection is 11.2 metacercariae per fish, the prevalence of sunbleak infection is 50.9% and the intensity of infection is 4.25 metacercariae per fish). The prevalence of infection in the introduced common bleak from the rivers of the middle Ob River basin is rapidly increasing from 2.4 (2016-2018) to 37.5% (2020-2021), and mean intensity of infection increased from 1 to 4.15. The epizootic state of water bodies in the middle Ob River basin remains unfavorable in relation to opisthorchiasis. Tench, common bleak and sunbleak, along with ide and dace, are the main source of infection for humans and animals, which is evidenced by high infection with Opisthorchis felineus metacercariae in these numerous fish species. They pose the greatest danger of infection of people and animals with opisthorchiasis. These species should be included in the campaign to avoid raw and poorly cooked fish in the diet. In addition, such species as roach, bream and sunbleak also pose the danger of infection with opisthorchiasis, but to a lesser extent

Organizational Measures to Improve Energy Efficiency of Construction Production

Секция IV : Организация строительства и управление недвижимостьюС развитием промышленности человечество в геометрической прогрессии увеличивало потребление невозобновляемых энергетических ресурсов. Строительство занимает весомую часть в экономике Российской Федерации, где при выполнении строительно-монтажных работ затрачивается немалое количество различных энергоресурсов. В представленной статье разработаны организационно-технологические мероприятия по снижению потребления энергоресурсов и альтернативные решения по повышению энергоэффективности строительного производства. Проведенные исследования позволили выявить приоритетные направления и резервы для оптимизации энерго- и ресурсопотребления строительства.=With the development of industry, mankind exponentially increased the consumption of nonrenewable energy resources. Construction occupies a significant part in the economy of the Russian Federation, where a considerable amount of various energy resources is spent during construction and installation works. The article presents organizational and technological measures to reduce energy consumption and alternative solutions to improve energy efficiency of construction production. The conducted researches allowed to reveal priority directions and reserves for optimization of energy and resource consumption of construction

Структура молекулы 2-нитро-2’-гидрокси-5’-метилазобензола: Теоретическое и спектральное исследование

Objectives. 2-Hydroxy-nitroazobenzenes comprise reagents for the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds, in the molecules of which the benzene and azole cycles are annulated. These reagents are widely used in the production of chemical products for various industries. In particular, 2-2’-hydroxy-5’-methylphenylbenzotriazole is used as an effective photo stabilizer for polystyrene and polyethylene. A promising method for its preparation is the liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation of 2-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene (2NAB). The aim of the present study was to establish the structure of 2NAB in solutions of different composition.Methods. Theoretical calculations were carried out within the framework of the density functional theory at a temperature of 298.15 K for the gas phase at B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) and M06-2X/6-311++G(d, p) levels; for hexane, 2-propanol, toluene at B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) level using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model. An experimental study to determine the probable isomeric structure of 2NAB in various solvents, including sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) additives, was carried out using infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy.Results. The most probable structure of 2NAB isomers for the gas phase and a number of solvents was determined. Experimental and theoretical IR and UV spectra were obtained. The thermodynamic characteristics of the reaction of intramolecular proton transfer from –OH to –N=N– group in the gas phase were calculated.Conclusions. A comparison of the experimental and calculated results supports the conclusion that the cis-isomer should be considered most probable for the gas phase. For the studied solutions, a trans-isomer of 2NAB with hydrogen bonds formed between the hydroxyl group hydrogen and the β-nitrogen atom of the azo group of dye molecule should be considered as the most likely structure. In the studied individual and binary solvents, prototropic equilibrium is shifted towards the azo form of the dye, while intramolecular proton transfer is possible only in aqueous diethylamine and dimethylformamide solutions with additions of NaOH. Цели. 2-Гидроксинитроазобензолы – реагенты синтеза гетероароматических соединений, в молекулах которых аннелированы бензольный и азольный циклы, широко использующиеся при производстве химических продуктов для различных областей промышленности. В частности, 2-2’-гидрокси-5’-метилфенилбензотриазол используется в качестве эффективного фотостабилизатора полистирола и полиэтилена. Перспективным методом его получения является жидкофазная каталитическая гидрогенизация 2-нитро-2’-гидрокси-5’-метилазобензола (2НАБ). Целью нашей работы стало установление структуры 2НАБ в растворах различного состава.Методы. Теоретические расчеты проводились в рамках теории функционала плотности при температуре 298.15 К для газовой фазы на уровнях B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) и M06-2X/6-311++G(d, p), для гексана, 2-пропанола, толуола на уровне B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) с использованием континуальной модели сольватации. Экспериментальное изучение предполагаемого изомерного строения 2НАБ в различных растворителях, в том числе с добавками гидроксида натрия (NaOH) и уксусной кислоты (CH3COOH), проведено с помощью инфракрасной (ИК) и ультрафиолетовой (УФ) спектроскопии.Результаты. Определена наиболее вероятная структура изомеров 2НАБ для газовой фазы и ряда растворителей. Получены экспериментальные и теоретические ИК-, УФ-спектры исследуемых веществ. Рассчитаны термодинамические характеристики реакции внутримолекулярного переноса протона от –ОН к –N=N– группе в газовой фазе.Выводы. Сравнение экспериментальных и расчетных результатов позволило сделать заключение, что наиболее вероятным для газовой фазы следует считать цис-изомер, а для изученных растворов транс-изомер 2НАБ с водородными связями, образующимися между водородом гидроксигруппы и β-атомом азота азогруппы. В изученных индивидуальных и бинарных растворителях прототропное равновесие смещено в сторону азоформы красителя, а внутримолекулярный перенос протона возможен только в водных растворах диэтиламина и диметилформамила с добавками NaОН.

Kinetics of substrate recognition and cleavage by human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase

Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (hOgg1) excises 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) from damaged DNA. We report a pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of hOgg1 mechanism using stopped-flow and enzyme fluorescence monitoring. The kinetic scheme for hOgg1 processing an 8-oxoG:C-containing substrate was found to include at least three fast equilibrium steps followed by two slow, irreversible steps and another equilibrium step. The second irreversible step was rate-limiting overall. By comparing data from Ogg1 intrinsic fluorescence traces and from accumulation of products of different types, the irreversible steps were attributed to two main chemical steps of the Ogg1-catalyzed reaction: cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond of the damaged nucleotide and β-elimination of its 3′-phosphate. The fast equilibrium steps were attributed to enzyme conformational changes during the recognition of 8-oxoG, and the final equilibrium, to binding of the reaction product by the enzyme. hOgg1 interacted with a substrate containing an aldehydic AP site very slowly, but the addition of 8-bromoguanine (8-BrG) greatly accelerated the reaction, which was best described by two initial equilibrium steps followed by one irreversible chemical step and a final product release equilibrium step. The irreversible step may correspond to β-elimination since it is the very step facilitated by 8-BrG