Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described

IL-27 Regulates IL-18 Binding Protein in Skin Resident Cells

IL-18 is an important mediator involved in chronic inflammatory conditions such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and chronic eczema. An imbalance between IL-18 and its endogenous antagonist IL-18 binding protein (BP) may account for increased IL-18 activity. IL-27 is a cytokine with dual function displaying pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Here we provide evidence for a yet not described anti-inflammatory mode of action on skin resident cells. Human keratinocytes and surprisingly also fibroblasts (which do not produce any IL-18) show a robust, dose-dependent and highly inducible mRNA expression and secretion of IL-18BP upon IL-27 stimulation. Other IL-12 family members failed to induce IL-18BP. The production of IL-18BP peaked between 48–72 h after stimulation and was sustained for up to 96 h. Investigation of the signalling pathway showed that IL-27 activates STAT1 in human keratinocytes and that a proximal GAS site at the IL-18BP promoter is of importance for the functional activity of IL-27. The data are in support of a significant anti-inflammatory effect of IL-27 on skin resident cells. An important novel property of IL-27 in skin pathobiology may be to counter-regulate IL-18 activities by acting on keratinocytes and importantly also on dermal fibroblasts

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 1: The LBNF and DUNE Projects

This document presents the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) put forward by an international neutrino community to pursue the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF/DUNE), a groundbreaking science experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies and for neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. The DUNE far detector will be a very large modular liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) located deep underground, coupled to the LBNF multi-megawatt wide-band neutrino beam. DUNE will also have a high-resolution and high-precision near detector

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report, Volume 4 The DUNE Detectors at LBNF

A description of the proposed detector(s) for DUNE at LBN

Il gambero di fiume nel versante adriatico del Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi Monte Falterona e Campigna (Emilia Romagna-Toscana). Distribuzione, status ed esigenze ecologiche

n 2012, the National Park Authority sponsored a two-year investigation on the distribution, ecology and status of White-clawed crayfish populations (Austropotamobius pallipes complex) in the Adriatic side of its territory. Field surveys were carried out between April 2012 and October 2013 in 163 rivers of the Adriatic slopes of the protected area. In every watercourse where White-clawed crayfish was found we identified transects of 100 m in length. In each transect we collected the main morphological and environmental parameters and the quantitative estimate of the specimens. The White-clawed crayfish was found in 38 streams. The average length of the streams where the White-clawed crayfish is present is 10.49 km, the average width is 2.5 m, the average depth is 21.89 cm, the average slope is 6.88% and the average flow rate during the summer is 11.5 l / s. In watercourses longer than 15 km the White-clawed crayfish is only present in the upper reaches, while in watercourses shorter than 15 km the White-clawed crayfish is present throughout the course. As for the grain size of the river’s bottom, the species prefers to stay in streams where pebbles and boulders prevail and less frequently in those where prevail rock and pebbles or boulders and pebbles. In most cases the riverbed of the occupied waterways is almost entirely shaded. The dominant type of habitat is represented by wood and to a minor extent by semi-natural grasslands. A total of 3591 specimens were captured. The average density of the population expressed as CPUE is 1.90 and fluctuates from a minimum of 0.16 in Bidente Pietrapazza to a maximum of 3.18 in the Fosso of Forconali. The average sex ratio for all streams is 0.85. Larger males specimens are 106 mm in length and females 95 mm, while the smallest specimen is 12 mm long. Currently the biggest threat for the White-clawed crayfish is the restocking of brown trout (Salmo trutta) followed by water abstraction for agriculture, zootechnical, drinking and illegal fishing. To preserve the Park’s Whiteclawed crayfish populations it is reccomended: 1) to eradicate brown trout from streams where it is not native; 2) to develop a plan to identify the more suitable streams for fishery and trout restocking; 3) to control the water withdrawal in relation to the minimum flow of the waterways; 4) to increase surveillance to prevent acts of poaching; 5) to encourage public environmental education events to raise awareness to the problem of preservation of White-clawed crayfish

Farmers’ participation in operational groups to foster innovation in the agricultural sector: An Italian case study

Recently, the interpretation of the innovation process has changed significantly. Its linear model has evolved to a dynamic and ongoing participatory approach where cooperation, oriented to generate co‐ownership, is the essence to co‐produce knowledge among multiple actors. Farmers’ direct participation in the process is widely accepted since they contribute with first‐hand information, perceptions, field experiences, and feedback that are essential for the design and implementation of a project. The European Union encourages their participation through the European Rural Development Policy that promotes competitiveness and sustainability in the agriculture and forestry sectors, building bridges among heterogeneous stakeholders that complement each other to find an innovative solution to a given problem. Thus far, despite participation importance, few details have been provided about producer’s contributions within the process. Consequently, this paper attempts to explore the modus operandi of an Italian Operational Group to get insights about the farmers’ participation and identify the factors that could influence and foster the interactive innovation process. The results, based on a participatory observation, key informants’ interviews, and theory reflection, revealed that farmers are active players in the design and implementation phases. Yet, their participation is not constant throughout the entire process. Empower them to find solutions with different players is a complex challenge as it requires motivation, commitment, trust, and an open communication among different actors