Hábitos y prácticas de consumo de teléfonos celulares en México y España

Los avances tecnológicos, la expansión de mercado y el corto ciclo de vida que caracteriza a los aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, los convierte en el flujo de residuos de más rápido crecimiento en el mundo. Uno de estos aparatos de mayor consumo son los teléfonos celulares, que ya forman parte del estilo la vida de un número creciente de personas en todo el mundo. Los hábitos de consumo y de gestión del residuo que generan una vez finalizada su vida útil están asociados a los estilos de vida de los diferentes segmentos de la población, siendo la población joven el segmento de mayor consumo. Ante este contexto, este trabajo se centra en analizar los hábitos de consumo y retirada de los teléfonos celulares entre el segmento de los jóvenes universitarios de México y España, tomando como caso de estudio una universidad para cada país. Para ello, se diseñó una encuesta con el propósito de obtener información referente al conocimiento ambiental, hábitos de consumo y la forma en que gestionan el teléfono celular al finalizar su vida útil. Los resultados obtenidos sustentan la necesidad de desarrollar evaluaciones e implementar posibles escenarios para la gestión sostenible de los celulares al final de su vida útil.Technological advances, market expansion and the short life cycle that characterizes the electrical and electronic equipments, makes their wastes to be the fastest growing flow of residues in the world. One of the electronic devices that has increased their consumption is cell phones, which are already part of the life style of a growing number of people around the world. Consumption and waste management at end-of-life patterns are associated with the lifestyles of the different segments of the population, being young people the largest consumer segment. Given this context, this paper focuses on analyzing consumption and removal of cell phones patterns from the segment of university students in Mexico and Spain. To do this, a survey was designed in order to obtain information concerning the environmental knowledge and consumption habits and the way students manage cellphones at their end-of-life. The results support the need to develop and implement alternative scenarios for the sustainable management of cellphones at the end of their useful life

Challenges of accessibility of a community heritage tourist route: The Route of the Caste War

This article presents the results of an accessibility analysis of The Caste War Route (RGC), prior to its commercialization as a community heritage product. The analysis consists of a diagnosis of the resource to establish destination-planning strategies. The accessibility diagnosis goes beyond adapting physical spaces for transit, considering that the resource is accessible to all types of people, including economic, spatial and temporal accessibility, criteria on which the research focuses. The diagnosis was prepared through a multidisciplinary investigation that collected information from different sectors with qualitative and quantitative tools that combined the recording of data and the opinion of the residents of the area, key informants; Government officials, museum workers, tourism service providers, non-governmental organizations and visitors were included in this research. Accessibility is a multivariate concept; its analysis required an instrument with cultural indicators distributed in categories, which provides objective, rigorous and relevant information. The research approach was qualitative, including Participatory Action Research and ethnographic techniques such as participant observation (PAR), interviews and document review as part of the process. It is necessary to propose promotional strategies focused on rural cultural products, that disseminate the sites and activities considered heritage by the community, and that the inhabitants are willing to share with visitors, so that local hosts are the ones who offer this service. The necessary strategies are the equal participation and involvement of women and men, the participation of students and academics in training courses and orientation to local service providers. These products face important challenges: they must differentiate themselves from others to build a unique local identity, and at the same time, form alliances with other local communities to create and strengthen local tourism products and services to create a complete touristic experience versus isolated experiences in individual communities. Achieving integration is essential for a successful project and the regional growth and development of the localities involved

Enzymatic extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids from coffee pulp

Ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids are classified as hydroxycinnamic acids, presenting anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this work, enzymatic extraction has been studied in order to extract high value-added products like hydroxycinnamic acids from coffee pulp. A commercial pectinase and enzyme extract produced by Rhizomucor pusillus strain 23aIV in solid-state fermentation using olive oil or coffee pulp (CP) as an inducer of the feruloyl esterase activity were evaluated separately and mixed. The total content (covalently linked and free) of ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids was 5276 mg per kg of coffee pulp. Distribution was as follows (in %): chlorogenic acid 58.7, caffeic acid 37.6, ferulic acid 2.1 and p-coumaric acid 1.5. Most of the hydroxycinnamic acids were covalently bound to the cell wall (in %): p-coumaric acid 97.2, caffeic acid 94.4, chlorogenic acid 76.9 and ferulic acid 73.4. The content of covalently linked hydroxycinnamic acid was used to calculate the enzyme extraction yield. The maximum carbon dioxide rate for the solid-state fermentation using olive oil as an inducer was higher and it was reached in a short cultivation time. Nevertheless, the feruloyl esterase (FAE) activity (units per mg of protein) obtained in the fermentation using CP as an inducer was 31.8 % higher in comparison with that obtained in the fermentation using olive oil as the inducer. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating the composition of both esterified and free ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids in coffee pulp. The highest yield of extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids was obtained by mixing the produced enzyme extract using coffee pulp as an inducer and a commercial pectinase. Extraction yields were as follows (in %): chlorogenic acid 54.4, ferulic acid 19.8, p-coumaric acid 7.2 and caffeic acid 2.3. An important increase in the added value of coffee pulp was mainly due to the extraction of chlorogenic acid

An ideal multifragmentation kinematics algorithm for nuclear physics, a binary reaction approach

A binary tree data structure is used to represent a nuclear multifragmentation, we constrict the tree in all but one of the leaf nodes. We use geometric arguments in the velocity space to graphically show how the tree can be solved by assigning velocity vectors in both the lab and CM systems at each of the nodes. An experimental comparison with a ternary reaction is also shown

Increased levels of prolactin receptor expression correlate with the early onset of lupus symptoms and increased numbers of transitional-1 B cells after prolactin treatment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland and other organs, as well as by cells such as lymphocytes. Prolactin has an immunostimulatory effect and is associated with autoimmune diseases that are characterised by abnormal B cell activation, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to determine if different splenic B cell subsets express the prolactin receptor and if the presence of prolactin influences these B cell subsets and correlates with development of lupus.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, we found that different subsets of immature (transitional) and mature (follicular, marginal zone) B cells express different levels of the prolactin receptor and are differentially affected by hyperprolactinaemia. We found that transitional B cells express the prolactin receptor at higher levels compared to mature B cells in C57BL/6 mice and the lupus-prone MRL/lpr and MRL mouse strains. Transitional-1 (T1) B cells showed a higher level of prolactin receptor expression in both MRL/lpr and MRL mice compared to C57BL/6 mice. Hyperprolactinaemia was induced using metoclopramide, which resulted in the development of early symptoms of SLE. We found that T1 B cells are the main targets of prolactin and that prolactin augments the absolute number of T1 B cells, which reflects the finding that this B cell subpopulation expresses the highest level of the prolactin receptor.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We found that all B cell subsets express the prolactin receptor but that transitional B cells showed the highest prolactin receptor expression levels. Hyperprolactinaemia in mice susceptible to lupus accelerated the disease and increased the absolute numbers of T1 and T3 B cells but not of mature B cells, suggesting a primary effect of prolactin on the early stages of B cell maturation in the spleen and a role of prolactin in B cell differentiation, contributing to SLE onset.</p

Apple pomace powder as natural food ingredient in bakery jams

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether apple pomace powder produced by a simple drying method is suitable for replacing pectin in bakery jam products. Rheological properties of bakery jams were tested by oscillatory tests using amplitude sweep method. Apple pomace addition decreased gel strength and stability of bakery jams, while 12-month storage increased the gel strength of samples. Based on our results, dried apple pomace powder seems to be suitable to replace pectin up to 40% without changing rheological properties of bakery jams

Status of data analysis and preliminary results of the CHIFAR experiment

In the CHIFAR experiment, carried out at the INFN-LNS laboratory, we studied reactions between beams of Sn-124, Xe-124 and Sn-112, accelerated at 20 AMeV, and targets of Ni-64, Zn-64 and Ni-58 by using the CHIMERA multi-detector coupled to 10 telescopes of the FARCOS array. The main topics of the experiment are the competition between reaction mechanisms and the Intermediate Mass Fragment production phenomenon, aiming to extend towards the low energy regime the studies performed in previous CHIMERA experiments carried out at beam energy of 35 AMeV. Status of data analysis arid preliminary results will be presented

A multi-site study on walkability, data sharing and privacy perception using mobile sensing data gathered from the mk-sense platform

Walking is a fundamental part of a physically active lifestyle, it is one of everyday activities that positively impacts health and wellbeing. In this paper we describe the challenges and experiences of conducting a sensing campaign in the wild. We make use of mk-sense; a software platform to facilitate the deployment of collaborative sensing campaigns. We elaborate on two cross-cultural studies conducted in four different countries (Mexico, Turkey, Spain, and Switzerland) with a total of 77 participants. We present a detailed description of the data collected from one of the studies aimed at measuring walkability around three different university campuses. The analysis of the data shows that walkability can be assessed using information from the sensors in the smartphones and results from surveys answered by participants. In addition, we analyze issues about data sharing and privacy awareness