Poisson multi-Bernoulli conjugate prior for multiple extended object filtering

This paper presents a Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) conjugate prior for multiple extended object filtering. A Poisson point process is used to describe the existence of yet undetected targets, while a multi-Bernoulli mixture describes the distribution of the targets that have been detected. The prediction and update equations are presented for the standard transition density and measurement likelihood. Both the prediction and the update preserve the PMBM form of the density, and in this sense the PMBM density is a conjugate prior. However, the unknown data associations lead to an intractably large number of terms in the PMBM density, and approximations are necessary for tractability. A gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart implementation is presented, along with methods to handle the data association problem. A simulation study shows that the extended target PMBM filter performs well in comparison to the extended target d-GLMB and LMB filters. An experiment with Lidar data illustrates the benefit of tracking both detected and undetected targets

Comparison of serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between patients with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls: A cross-sectional study

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common problem among women and is identified by reversal emotional, psychological, and physical signs during the luteal phase. These signs, however, lower down in the follicular phase. The cause of PMS isn’t very well-known up to now control group and many researchers have suggested that mineral compounds and vitamins can inhibit these symptoms. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between normal controls and patients with PMS. Materials and Methods: 300 female students (19–21 yr old) from Falavarjan County were randomly selected and asked to complete a standard questionnaire on PMS during three menstruation cycles. The students were divided into two groups: healthy persons (control) and PMS persons, and PMS was determined on the basis of the answers to the questionnaire. Thereafter, the serum concentrations of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and Vitamin D3 were measured and compared between the two groups. Results: Our results showed that the PMS prevalence was about 41.5%. The level of vitamin D decreased in both the control and PMS groups, with a significantly lower range of vitamin D (p 0.05) in the PMS group. Other factors had no significant change between the two groups. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was probably one of the most important causes of unpleasant symptoms of PMS between these students. Key words: Premenstrual syndrome, Trace elements, Vitamin D

Variational Bayesian EM for SLAM

Designing accurate, robust and cost-effective systems is an important aspect of the research on self-driving vehicles. Radar is a common part of many existing automotive solutions and it is robust to adverse weather and lighting conditions, as such it can play an important role in the design of a self-driving vehicle. In this paper, a radar-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm using variational Bayesian expectation maximization (VBEM) is presented. The VBEM translates the inference problem to an optimization one. It provides an efficient and powerful method to estimate the unknown data association variables as well as the map of the environment as perceived by a radar and the unknown trajectory of the vehicle

Mate choice from Avicenna’s perspective

The aim of the present research was examining mate choice from Avicenna’s perspective. Being done through application of qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytic method as well, this study attempted to analyze and examine Avicenna’s perspective on effects of mate choice and on criteria for selecting an appropriate spouse and its necessities as well as the hurts discussed in this regard. The research results showed that Avicenna has encouraged all people in marriage, since it brings to them economic and social outcomes, peace and sexual satisfaction as well. Avicenna stated some criteria for appropriate mate choice, and in addition to its necessities, he advised us to follow such principles as the obvious marriage occurrence, its stability, wife’s not being common and a suitable age range for marriage. Moreover, he has examined issues and hurts related to mate choice referring to such cases as nature incongruity, marital infidelity, the state of not having any babies and ethical conflict which may happen in mate choice and marriage, suggesting some solutions to such problems. Keywords: Muslim Scholar, Avicenna, Mate Choic

A Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Model Using the Auto Calibrated NAM Models in the Sarisoo River

This paper describes the application of a conceptual rainfall runoff model to investigate the peak and monthly flows at the Sarisoo River Basin on the North West of Iran. The model was calibrated using measured stream flow data and then validated for three years. Calculations of level and time of peak flows are vital for designing structures downstream in the catchment areas. The simulated peak flows were occurring in the months of February in 2003, 2006 and 2007 with approximate values of 6.32, 9.35 and 6.13 m3s-1 respectively. After calibrating 9 NAM parameters using record data of daily rainfall, monthly evaporation and daily discharge in the period of 1th October 2003 to 31th March 2006 and validating the model daily discharges were calculated for 12 years. The outputs of the calibrated model are able to be used in the assessment of water resources management models like Mike Basin, WEAP… because they normally work based on monthly flows with a large time horizon. The results show that monthly averages of mean, maximum and minimum flows are about 10%, 2% and 33% less than daily computed Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients, all calculated over a period of 12 years. The optimum values of the 9 NAM parameters obtained during the calibration procedure are presented. The reliability of MIKE11 NAM was evaluated based on the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), peak flow (RMSE) and low flow (RMSE). The R2 obtained during this study is 0.74

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Fibronectin and Tenascin Following Direct Pulp Capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Platelet-Rich Plasma and Propolis in Dogs’ Teeth

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of fibronectin (FN) and tenascin (TN) after direct pulp capping (DPC) in dogs’ teeth with either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Propolis or Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), by means of immunohistochemistry. Methods and Materials: A total of 48 sound molars and premolars with mature apices from four dogs, were included. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the material used for DPC: PRP, Propolis, MTA, and glass-ionomer (as the negative control group). Each group was divided into two 7-day and 30-day subgroups. The teeth were restored at the same session. The animals were sacrificed at the mentioned time intervals and the expression of FN and TN in each test group and between each time intervals was assessed with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare FN and TN staining among the test groups. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The amount of FN in the MTA group in the 30-day interval was significantly higher than the 7-day interval; however, there were no significant differences among the other groups. The amount of TN in the MTA and Propolis groups in the 30-day interval was significantly higher than that in the 7-day interval; no recognizable difference was observed in the other groups. Moreover, the difference in expression of FN and TN in the 7-day interval was not significant in the experimental groups. Nevertheless, the difference was significant in the 30-day interval, with the highest and lowest expressions belonging to the MTA and glass-ionomer groups, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present animal study, MTA is still a better choice for direct pulp capping.Keywords: Fibronectin; Immunohistochemistry; Propolis; Pulp Capping; Tenasci

Making Dye Solar Cells with Natural Extracts of Cabbage and Rubia Tinctorum and the Comparison of their Characteristics

One of the key components of dye solar cell is a pigment. The most important characteristics of a pigment is wide range of absorption spectrum, and its more photonic absorption. This article reports the characteristics of a dye solar cell with pigments obtained from extracts of cabbage and rubia tinctorum on nanoparticles. Regarding the results of spectrophotometry, the scope and extent of absorption of these two pigments is relatively high. The results of the measurements for each square centimeter of produced cells via the declined radiation of Sun light in intensity of (90 mW/cm2) are as follows: A dye solar cell with extract of cabbage: Jsc(µA/cm2=4360   Voc(mv)=400.4  µ=0.9% A dye solar cell with extract of ronas: Jsc(µA/cm2=3110   Voc(mv)=399  µ=0.42% According to the simple method of production and low cost of these cells, compared to other imported ones, there is a great hope to its spread for the optimization of these features

Making Dye Solar Cells with Natural Extracts of Cabbage and Rubia Tinctorum and the Comparison of their Characteristics

One of the key components of dye solar cell is a pigment. The most important characteristics of a pigment is wide range of absorption spectrum, and its more photonic absorption. This article reports the characteristics of a dye solar cell with pigments obtained from extracts of cabbage and rubia tinctorum on nanoparticles. Regarding the results of spectrophotometry, the scope and extent of absorption of these two pigments is relatively high. The results of the measurements for each square centimeter of produced cells via the declined radiation of Sun light in intensity of (90 mW/cm2) are as follows: A dye solar cell with extract of cabbage: Jsc(µA/cm2=4360   Voc(mv)=400.4  µ=0.9% A dye solar cell with extract of ronas: Jsc(µA/cm2=3110   Voc(mv)=399  µ=0.42% According to the simple method of production and low cost of these cells, compared to other imported ones, there is a great hope to its spread for the optimization of these features

Developing an Evaluation Model for E-Learning in Higher-Education: A Case Study of Payame Noor University

The purpose of the present research is to develop an evaluation model for e-learning in higher-education in Payame Noor University, for studying this research we use the review of literature and research about Electronic learning through questionnaires and survey of scientific members and statistic analysis of SPSS. Result of this research led to an offering pattern in evaluation of E- learning area with 9 factors and 33 criteria. This pattern also will be use for designing, performance and evaluation of the E- learning in Payame Noor University and other higher education institutes all over the world. Keywords: E-learning, evaluation, modeling, distance higher-education, Payame Noor Universit

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Vahlkampfiidae and Vermamoeba Vermiformis from Fresh Vegetables: A Neglected Source of Infections

Background: Naegleria spp., Tetramitus spp., and Vermamoeba vermiformis are potential pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) causing diseases such as keratitis, meningoencephalitis, and lung infections. We aimed to investigate the presence of Vahlkampfiidae and V. vermiformis in raw vegetables commonly consumed in Iran. Methods: Totally, 70 samples of vegetables samples including watercress (22), leeks (12), parsley (10), basil (13) and mint (13) were collected from municipal markets of Tehran, the capital of Iran during June to October 2021. After washing vegetables, samples were cultivated onto 2% non-nutrient agar (NNA) medium. After morphological confirmations, DNA was extracted and identical fragments of the FLA were amplified and sequenced. Results: Out of 70 cultured samples, 11 samples (15.71 %) were morphologically positive, of which four and seven were V. vermiformis and Vahlkampfiidae isolates, respectively. According to the PCR/sequencing results two, one, one, and one strains belonged to N. australiensis, N. americana, Vahlkampfia sp., V. inornata, and T. aberdonicus, respectively. All Vermamoeba genus were characterized as V. vermiformis. Conclusion: The results of current study revealed the contamination of fresh raw vegetables with Vahlkampfiidae and V. vermiformis. In addition, to our knowledge this is the first report of T. aberdonicus in raw vegetables. Our findings highlight the public health importance of vegetables in transmission of FLA, as well as the potential role of FLA in transmission of potential pathogenic microorganisms via consuming of fresh raw vegetables