Evaluation of minerals, phenolics and anti-radical activity of three species of Iranian berberis fruit

The amounts of substances together with nutritional and medicinal properties of fruits from Berberidaceae family vary between the plant species. Aluminum chloride colorimetric assay was used for flavonoids determination in 250 g of dried fruit. The Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to determine the total phenolic compound contents. The free radical-scavenging activity was examined by stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The level of total phenol in different Berberis Ecotypes was 241.5 mg/g for Black berberis khorasanica, 296.8 mg/g for Black berberis bakhtiarica and 157.5 mg/g for Red berberis khorasanica. Furthermore, anti-radical activities (IC50) of these three Iranian Berberis species were 221.1, 58.38 and 123.2 μg/mL respectively. The level of flavonol in Black berberis khorasanica was approximately 2.42-fold higher than Black berberis bakhtiarica and 5.49-fold higher than Red berberis khorasanica. The content of flavonoids in Black berberis bakhtiarica was aproximately 2 times more than its level in Black berberis khorasanica and 3.55 times more than its level in Red berberis khorasanica. The highest amount of phenol and total phenols were observed in Black berberis bakhtiarica as its anti-radical activity was approximately 3.8 times more than Black berberis khorasanica and 2.1 times more than Red Berberis khorasanica. We showed high level of antioxidant compounds in Black berberis bakhtiarica. Considering the rate of elements and compounds in three Iranian Berberis ecotypes and based on their antioxidant and anti-radical effects, the berberis can be of benefit to oppose free radicals in the body

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Funding: F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; FCT/MCTES through the project UIDB/50006/2020. J Conde acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325). V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006.proofepub_ahead_of_prin

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Ultrathin Junctionless Nanowire FET Model, Including 2-D Quantum Confinements

In this paper, we develop an explicit model to predict the dc electrical behavior in ultrathin surrounding gate junctionless (JL) nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs). The proposed model considers 2-D electrical and geometrical confinements of carrier charge density within few discrete subbands. Combining a parabolic approximation of the Poisson equation, the first-order perturbation theory for the Schrodinger subband energy eigenvaluesand the Fermi-Dirac statistics for the confined carrier density lead to an explicit solution of the dc characteristic in ultrathin JL devices. Validity of the model has been verified with technology computer-aided design simulations. The results confirm its validity for all regions of operation, i.e., from deep depletion to accumulation and from linear to saturation. This represents an essential step toward analysis of circuits based on JL nanowire devices

Modeling of Short-Channel Effects in GaN HEMTs

In this article, we propose an explicit and analytic charge-based model for estimating short-channel effects (SCEs) in GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) devices. The proposed model is derived from the physical charge-based core of the ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) HEMT model, which treats HEMT as a generalized MOSFET. The main emphasis of this article is to estimate SCEs by effectively capturing 2-D channel potential distribution to calculate the reduced barrier height, drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), velocity saturation, and channel length modulation (CLM). The model is validated with TCAD simulation results and agreed with measurement data in all regions of operation. This represents the main step toward the design of high-frequency and ultralow-noise HEMT devices using AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

The Comparison of Quality of Life among Hem Dialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Kerman

Introduction: When severe kidney failure happens and kidneys do not work properly, alternative treatments such as transplantation and dialysis, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis can be done. This study is to help physicians and patients in choosing an appropriate therapeutic method in terms of the impact on quality of life comparing different dimensions of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysispatients'quality of life. Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 143 patients with hem dialysis and peritoneal dialysis have been studied in a hospital in Kerman at the second six months of 2011. In order to survey thepatients' quality of life and comparing it from various dimensions, the EQ5D quality of life questionnaire was used. Data analysis was done by SPSS software version 19, and also using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, mean, and standard deviation statistics, chi-square and Mann-Whitney analysis. Results: The average scores for quality of life in patients with hem dialysis and peritoneal dialysis were 0.61 vs. 0.69, respectively and the difference was meaningful. The highest average score in the hemodialysis patients quality of life was related to depression and anxiety (0.95) and in peritoneal dialysis patients was related to personal care (0.96). In this study, there were not any statistically significant relationships between any of the studied variables and the quality of life except age variable in two groups of patients. Conclusion: This study revealed that peritoneal dialysis patients had higher quality of life particularly in the personal care and pain and had better life quality compared to hemodialysis patients. Key­words: Quality of life, Hemodialysis, Peritoneal dialysis, EQ5D Citation: Heidari Jamebozorgi M, Madadizade F, Sabermahani A. The Comparison of Quality of Life among Hem Dialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Kerman. Journal of Health Based Research 2015 1(2): 95-104

Transcapacitances in EPFL HEMT Model

In this article, we present a closed-form solution for transcapacitances in GaN HEMTs derived from a design-oriented charge-based model of the AlGaAs/GaAs- and AlGaN/GaN-based HEMTs that were recently proposed. The analytical expressions are based on the concept of normalized current and are validated with the technology computer-aided design simulations. This represents an essential step toward the ac analysis of the circuits based on the HEMT devices