Analisis Studi Efektivitas Model Promosi Produk BTPN WOW Pada Bank BTPN Sulsel Cabang Makassar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis efektifitas model promosi produk BTPN WOW pada bank BTPN Sulsel. Penelitian yang digunakan dalam rancangan penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan metode analisis datanyamenggunakan analisis deskriptif, karena pada penelitian ini penulis mendesjripsikan model promosi yang digunakan oleh Bank BTPN Sulsel cabang Makassar dalam memasarkan produk BTPN WOW menggunakan lima model promosi yaitu Advertising/periklanan, selain itu menggunakan model sales promotion/promosi penjualan, personal selling sebagai komunikasi dua arah, model promosi word of mouth (WOM) dan publisitas

Over Exploitation of Groundwater Resources and Their Influence on Groundwater in Peshawar Valley

In this study the objective is to find the impact of the rainwater recharge on the ground water table fluctuations. For this purpose the data about different sources of discharge from the ground water as well as the sources of water recharged into the ground water was collected. The discharge of these Tube wells ranges from 1200 gallons per hour for a Tube-well in Pishtakhera Payan to 50625 gallons per hour from an Irrigation Tube well in Lakaray. It was also observed that both turbine and submersible pumps are used in these tube-wells. After summing up all the discharges from all the tube wells it was found to be 7,401,684 gallons per hour (7.78m3/sec). According to PDA report area of Peshawar is 1257 Km2. Since Depth of water per unit time is total discharge / total Area, therefore depth of water per second is 7.77 / (1257*1000^2) = 6.18 * 10-9 m/sec. Depth of water per year = 6.18 * 10-9 * 3600*12*365= 0.098 m /year= 98 mm / year. The average discharge of each commercial well was found to be 0.38 Liters / second. Since ttal number of union councils in Peshawar region are 92, therefore on average total number of commercial/community tube wells are 552. Taking average discharge for each tube well as 0.38 Liters / sec, total discharge from the commercial wells in Peshawar region will be 552*0.38=209.76 Liters per second which is equal to 0.2098 cubic meter per second. Discharge from commercial wells per year=0.2098*3600*4*365= 1102498.6 cubic meter per year.Total depth of water discharged by the commercial wells from the Peshawar region is Depth of water = 1102498.6 / 1169*1000^2=0.94mm/year.Assuming two hours operation of hand pump daily, total outflow of water from town-II is equal to 22873905.7 cubic meters per year. Total depth of water discharged from town-II using hand pumps was found to be equal to 52.28 mm per year.So total annual depth of water discharged out through hand pumps from three towns (II, III, and IV) is equal to 171.05 mm. Keywords: Rainwater, Recharge, Hand Pump, Tube well, Discharge, Total Dept

WORK RELATED INJURIES IN SMALL SCALE METAL PRESS INDUSTRIES OF SHAHDRAH TOWN, LAHORE, PAKISTAN

The work place injuries have to pay both direct and indirect cost of the accidents. With a population of 169 million, Pakistan has no reported estimate of the national impact of workplace injuries. This study presented a profile of workplace injuries associated with small medium enterprises of metal press cottage industries in Shahdra Town, Lahore (Pakistan) and determined the impact on the country’s economy besides to recommend strategies for delineating these important problems. The in-house accident investigation technique was used to collect the data from randomly selected small scale metal press cottage industries of study area for all types of injuries principally from minor to major ones. It was observed that role of human error in occupational injuries is momentous and keeping in view the necessity of proper safety training of the metal workers, thre is a dire need to institute an information system to evaluate the true impact of injuries and develop national safety standards

ECOTERRA Journal of Environmental Research and Protection Comparative assessment of different heavy metals in urban soil and vegetables irrigated with sewage/industrial waste water

Abstract. This study was conducted to investigate heavy metals content of sewage water and its impact on soil and their uptake by vegetables irrigated by the sewage/industrial effluent. Twenty five samples each of water, soil, and vegetable leaves and edible vegetable portions were collected from different sites, in Lahore city of Pakistan. Parameters like pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were also determined The results indicated that soil irrigated by sewage water having tolerable DTPA-extractable metals contents, The concentration of heavy metals in upper layer of soil (0 -15 cm) is higher than the lower layer (15-30 cm). The reason behind is that the upper layer was receiving sewage water permanently while the penetration of sewage water below 15 cm was less. The heavy metal content was above the toxicity level in leafy vegetables grown in the area of Lahore. This study showed that among the different tested plant species, the amount of heavy metals was higher in leaves than fruits. Plants whose fruits grow below the soil showed higher concentration of heavy metals while other showed less concentration whose edible portion was above the ground level. While leafy vegetables (Spinach, Cabbage, Coriander etc) showed higher concentration in leaves than in fruits, indicating that these vegetables should be consumed carefully if produced using the polluted water

Green photosensitisers for the degradation of selected pesticides of high risk in most susceptible food: a safer approach

Pesticides are the leading defence against pests, but their unsafe use reciprocates the pesticide residues in highly susceptible food and is becoming a serious risk for human health. In this study, mint extract and riboflavin were tested as photosensitisers in combination with light irradiation of different frequencies, employed for various time intervals to improve the photo-degradation of deltamethrin (DM) and lambda cyhalothrin (λ-CHT) in cauliflower. Different source of light was studied, either in ultraviolet range (UV-C, 254 nm or UV-A, 320–380 nm) or sunlight simulator (> 380–800 nm). The degradation of the pesticides varied depending on the type of photosensitiser and light source. Photo-degradation of the DM and λ-CHT was enhanced by applying the mint extracts and riboflavin and a more significant degradation was achieved with UV-C than with either UV-A or sunlight, reaching a maximum decrement of the concentration by 67–76%. The light treatments did not significantly affect the in-vitro antioxidant activity of the natural antioxidants in cauliflower. A calculated dietary risk assessment revealed that obvious dietary health hazards of DM and λ-CHT pesticides when sprayed on cauliflower for pest control. The use of green chemical photosensitisers (mint extract and riboflavin) in combination with UV light irradiation represents a novel, sustainable, and safe approach to pesticide reduction in produce

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Socio-Religious and Legal Perspectives on Women Health in Pakistan

This paper focuses on the sexual health of women and their counteractive action practices against cancer. Steady with acknowledged definitions, inside the extent of this exploration, women's sexual well-being envelops regenerative wellbeing and fruitfulness and the physical, mental, enthusiastic what's more, cultural and social betterment identified with sexuality during a life of an individual. Albeit sexual wellbeing is a phenomenon which is extremely personal to an individual, it is basically impacted by different factors including the personality of an individual, kind of family to which individuals belong, group of friends and peers in which individuals live, and the state laws to which individuals are subjected. These factors are beyond individuals’ control. Other than physical, mental and subjective markers, sexual wellbeing is influenced by political and monetary variables, standards, parts, social qualities, and religious convictions. This article, reflecting on the sexual health of women, presents information generally from creating nations. Also, it provides a circumstantial examination of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and an understanding of contraceptives’ uses in Pakistan. Further, this paper reflects upon on socio-religious context of Pakistan that affects data on sexual wellbeing. This paper's important contribution is to provide a survey of the integrative model of conduct expectation (Fishbein, 2000) and provide socio-religious and legal perspectives on women sexual health

A sustainable quality assessment model for the information delivery in E-learning systems

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose a sustainable quality assessment approach (model) for the e-learning systems keeping software perspective under consideration. E-learning is becoming mainstream due to its accessibility, state-of-the-art learning, training ease and cost effectiveness. However, the poor quality of e-learning systems is one of the major causes of several failures reported. Moreover, this arena lacks well-defined quality assessment measures. Hence, it is quite difficult to measure the overall quality of an e-learning system effectively. Design/methodology/approach: A pragmatic mixed-model philosophy was adopted for this study. A systematic literature review was performed to identify existing e-learning quality models and frameworks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with e-learning experts following empirical investigations to identify the crucial quality characteristics of e-learning systems. Various statistical tests like principal component analysis, logistic regression, chi-square and analysis of means were applied to analyze the empirical data. These led to an adequate set of quality indicators that can be used by higher education institutions to assure the quality of e-learning systems. Findings: A sustainable quality assessment model for the information delivery in e-learning systems in software perspective has been proposed by exploring the state-of-the-art quality assessment/evaluation models and frameworks proposed for the e-learning systems. The proposed model can be used to assess and improve the process of information discovery and delivery of e-learning. Originality/value: The results obtained led to conclude that very limited attention is given to the quality of e-learning tools despite the importance of quality and its effect on e-learning system adoption and promotion. Moreover, the identified models and frameworks do not adequately address quality of e-learning systems from a software perspective

Judicial Activism and Its Implications for Good Governance: A Case for Judicial Reforms in Pakistan

Judicial activism plays an important role in shaping various countries' political contexts with different political systems and regime types. Academic literature and debates are divided among various groups in favour and against judicial activism. This work reviews range of available data to probe case of judicial activism in Pakistan from 2005 to 2013. Judicial activism in Pakistan seemed to be short-lived and selective in nature. The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) exercised activism without limits in cases against representative parliamentarians who were already constrained in many matters by other unconstitutional powers. No doubt, it reviewed various malpractices of the executive in the domain of public policy and governance, which enhanced its legitimacy and popularity. A vibrant media further contributed to the Court's popularity. But the transgression of institutional boundaries by the apex court for 'pious' objectives failed to introduce judicial reforms and eradication of corruption in the lower judiciary. Selectivity in the SCP activism was visible in its limitation to implement some of its verdicts against ex-military officers. This paper discusses these contradictions within the activism by the higher judiciary in Pakistan, and suggests various recommendations in the latter part of the paper

Growth and yield response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to tillage and row spacing in maize-wheat cropping system in semi-arid region

Tillage practices and row spacing can be manipulated to optimize spatial distribution and plant growth, therefore maximizing sunlight, soil water use efficiency, nutrients and grain yield on sustainable basis. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of tillage and row spacing on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during wheat season. The treatments were comprised of two tillage practices viz. zero tillage and conventional tillage and four row spacing viz. 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm. The experimental results revealed that zero tillage significantly enhanced the plant height, tillers m-2, spike length, 1000 kernel weight and yield and yield components of wheat plants as compared to conventional tillage. Wheat plants resulted in a significant increase in tillers m-2 and accumulated higher biomass and grain yield under 15-cm row spacing than all three other row spacing. The grain yield increase was mainly attributed to more tillers m-2 at 15-cm than the other row spacing. So, zero tillage and narrow row spacing (15 cm) proved to be involved in higher wheat yield for the wheat-maize cropping system in semi-arid regions