A Post-weaning Obesogenic Diet Exacerbates The Detrimental Effects Of Maternal Obesity On Offspring Insulin Signaling In Adipose Tissue

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Previous studies have shown that maternal diet-induced obesity leads to increased risk of type 2 diabetes in offspring. The current study investigated if weaning onto an obesogenic diet exaggerated the detrimental effects of maternal diet-induced obesity in adipose tissue. Maternal obesity and offspring obesity led to reduced expression of key insulin signalling proteins, including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). The effects of maternal obesity and offspring obesity were, generally, independent and additive. Irs1 mRNA levels were similar between all four groups of offspring, suggesting that in both cases post-transcriptional regulation was involved. Maternal diet-induced obesity increased miR-126 expression however levels of this miR were not influenced by a post-weaning obesogenic diet. In contrast, a post-weaning obesogenic diet was associated with increased levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1, implicating increased degradation of IRS-1 as an underlying mechanism. Our results suggest that whilst programmed reductions in IRS-1 are associated with increased levels of miR-126 and consequently reduced translation of Irs1 mRNA, the effects of a post-weaning obesogenic diet on IRS-1 are mediated by miR-126 independent mechanisms, including increased IRS-1 protein degradation. These divergent mechanisms explain why the combination of maternal obesity and offspring obesity leads to the most pronounced effects on offspring metabolism.7Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12012/4]Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/M001636/1]British Heart Foundation [PG/14/20/30769]Sao Paulo Research Foundation [2014/17012-4, 2014/20380-5]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Health Surveillance: should it be a public policy?

Tendo em vista que a Vigilância à Saúde pode se constituir como um potente modelo para o monitoramento de condições de saúde-doença, o objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre a possibilidade de instituir a Vigilância à Saúde como política pública. Para tanto, apresenta-se o conceito de política pública e discorre-se a respeito das potencialidades e limites de os modelos assistenciais se transformarem em mediadores entre as dimensões técnicas e políticas. Os dados que embasam essa discussão derivam de um projeto de pesquisa, desenvolvido entre 2005/2007, sobre a proposta de Vigilância à Saúde no município de São Paulo. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, onde os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas e análise documental. Utilizou-se para análise dos dados a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Nesta perspectiva tomou-se o município de São Paulo como base para se discutir uma proposição de Vigilância da Saúde como processo intersetorial. Conclui-se com esse trabalho que o enfrentamento das condições adversas, provocadas pela desigualdade social, deve ser considerado como objeto da área de saúde, contudo este enfrentamento tem que se partilhado por profissionais de saúde e população, investindo principalmente na intersetorialidade como tecnologia.In view of the fact that Health Surveillance could be an important framework to monitor health-disease processes, the aim of this paper is to discuss the possibility of transforming Health Surveillance into a public policy. We present the concept of public policy and approach the potentialities and limits of health models becoming mediators between the technical and political dimensions. The data that underpin this discussion come from a research project, developed during 2005/2007, about Health Surveillance in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We utilize the example of São Paulo to discuss a proposal for surveillance as an intersection between different areas. The conclusion of this study is that, in order to solve problems created by social inequities we have to understand health like a social question and make actions in health that should involve or articulate different areas of society. That is why we understand that Health Surveillance has to be treated like a public policy.CNP

Teste de marcha fisiológica: um método eficaz para analisar distúrbios de equilíbrio, locomoção e neuromusculares em roedores

A avaliação da atividade locomotora animal é uma ferramenta comportamental bastante utilizada para mensurar os mecanismos subjacentes a uma determinada doença, distúrbio ou lesão e efeitos da exposição a um xenobiótico. Um dos testes mais utilizados em roedores para avaliar o equilíbrio e coordenação motora é o teste da trave elevada que, apesar de ser um teste barato e que exige um aparato simples, é necessário um longo período de treino e habituação dos animais. O desenvolvimento e caracterização de um teste alternativo, chamado de teste da marcha, tem o potencial de contornar o tempo e o esforço necessários ao treino dos animais, considerando-o um método eficaz, barato e rápido para a análise de comportamentos avaliados comparativamente pelo alto teste de feixe. Portanto, o presente estudo concentrou-se em determinar a eficácia e viabilidade do teste de marcha para avaliação da locomoção e equilíbrio de roedores em substituição ao teste da trave elevada. Para isso, ratos machos foram divididos em 3 grupos, sendo 1 grupo controle exposto à solução salina (NaCl 0,9%) e 2 grupos experimentais expostos à dose única de 0,2 e 1,0 mg/kg de ivermectina por via intraperitoneal para indução da alteração locomotora. Os testes de trave elevada e marcha foram realizados 15 min e 24h após a administração da droga. Os resultados mostram que os grupos experimentais tiveram dificuldade em realizar as tarefas de qualquer teste em ambos os momentos analisados em comparação com os grupos de controle. Na trave elevada, os animais experimentais tiveram dificuldade em manter o equilíbrio e andar. No teste de marcha, os animais experimentais apresentaram alterações na marcha, que foram quantificadas por: (a) encurtamento do comprimento da passada, (b) diminuição da passada, (c) alteração da simetria da passada e (d) alteração da área da passada. Tais resultados são indicativos de esforços compensatórios e foram comparáveis entre os dois testes. Em conjunto, os dados indicam que o teste de marcha atende a todos os requisitos para avaliação da coordenação motora em roedores. O teste de marcha é, portanto, validado como um complementar para o teste da trave elevada e para o estudo e análise de comprometimento neurodegenerativo e outros distúrbios envolvendo distúrbios neuromusculares. The evaluation of animal locomotor activity is a behavioral tool widely used to measure the mechanisms underlying a particular disease, disorder, or injury, as well as the effects of exposure to a xenobiotic. The elevated beam test is one of the most used tests in rodents to assess balance and motor coordination. Despite being inexpensive and utilizing a simple apparatus, the high beam test requires a long period of animal training and habituation. The development and characterization of an alternative test, namely the gait test, has the potential to circumvent the time and effort required for animal training, deeming it an effective, inexpensive, and fast method for the analysis of behaviors that are comparably assessed by the high beam test. Therefore, the present study focused on determining the effectiveness and feasibility of the gait test for assessing rodent locomotion and balance as a replacement for the elevated beam test. For this purpose, male rats were divided into three groups: one control group exposed to a saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) and two experimental groups exposed to a single dose of either 0.2 or 1.0 mg/kg of ivermectin intraperitoneally for induction of locomotor disturbance. The high beam and gait tests were performed 15 min and 24 h after drug administration. Results show that the experimental groups had difficulty performing the tasks of either test at both time points analyzed compared to the control groups. At the high beam, experimental animals had trouble maintaining balance and walking. At the gait test, experimental animals showed alterations in gait, which were quantitated by: (a) shortening of step length, (b) decrease of stride, (c) altered step symmetry, and (d) altered stride area. Such results are indicative of compensatory efforts and were comparable between both tests. Altogether, the data indicate that the gait test meets all requirements for assessing motor coordination in rodents. The gait test is therefore validated as a complement to the elevated beam test for the study and analysis of neurodegenerative impairment and other disorders involving neuromuscular disturbances.

Panoramic and skull imaging may aid in the identification of multiple myeloma lesions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of punched-out lesions in craniofacial bones using three different radiographic protocols in a large cohort of patients. One hundred fifty-five MM patients were evaluated using panoramic and skull (frontal and lateral) radiographs, which were performed in all patients at the time of MM diagnosis. The diagnostic potential for detecting punched-out lesions was compared among the radiographic techniques. MM punched-out lesions were identified in 135 (87%) panoramic radiographs, 141 (91%) frontal and 144 (93%) lateral skull radiographs. Punched out-lesions were synchronously present in skull and jawbones in 129 (83.23 %) cases. The lesions were detected exclusively in skull in 18 (11.61%) cases and exclusively in jawbones in 6 (3.87%) cases. Punched out-lesion mainly affected the skull and the jawbones in a synchronous way (p<0.001) rather than separately. All investigated radiographic techniques (panoramic, frontal and lateral skull approaches) demonstrated high detection rates for MM punched-out lesions in craniofacial bones. Panoramic radiography may aid to the radiographic protocols to identify multiple myeloma bone lesions

Maternal Melatonin Programs the Daily Pattern of Energy Metabolism in Adult Offspring

Background: Shift work was recently described as a factor that increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, rats born to mothers subjected to a phase shift throughout pregnancy are glucose intolerant. However, the mechanism by which a phase shift transmits metabolic information to the offspring has not been determined. Among several endocrine secretions, phase shifts in the light/dark cycle were described as altering the circadian profile of melatonin production by the pineal gland. The present study addresses the importance of maternal melatonin for the metabolic programming of the offspring. Methodology/Principal Findings: Female Wistar rats were submitted to SHAM surgery or pinealectomy (PINX). The PINX rats were divided into two groups and received either melatonin (PM) or vehicle. The SHAM, the PINX vehicle and the PM females were housed with male Wistar rats. Rats were allowed to mate and after weaning, the male and female offspring were subjected to a glucose tolerance test (GTT), a pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) and an insulin tolerance test (ITT). Pancreatic islets were isolated for insulin secretion, and insulin signaling was assessed in the liver and in the skeletal muscle by western blots. We found that male and female rats born to PINX mothers display glucose intolerance at the end of the light phase of the light/dark cycle, but not at the beginning. We further demonstrate that impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and hepatic insulin resistance are mechanisms that may contribute to glucose intolerance in the offspring of PINX mothers. The metabolic programming described here occurs due to an absence of maternal melatonin because the offspring born to PINX mothers treated with melatonin were not glucose intolerant. Conclusions/Significance: The present results support the novel concept that maternal melatonin is responsible for the programming of the daily pattern of energy metabolism in their offspring.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Aperfeicoameno Cientifico)CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Aperfeicoameno Cientifico

A 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development caused by a Wilms’ tumour Factorâ 1 (WT1) pathogenic variant

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146930/1/cge13459_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146930/2/cge13459.pd

Indivíduos fisicamente ativos submetidos ao tratamento com Tribulus terrestris versus placebo

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal and performance differences among physically active individuals who utilize (or not) Tribulus terrestris (TT) supplementation.&nbsp; The cohort is composed of 32 subjects divided into two groups: 1) 8 males and 8 females individuals who are physically active and utilize Tribulus terrestres; 2) 8 males and 8 females individuals who are physically active and utilize placebo. Inclusion criteria for all subjects consisted of age requirement within the range of 18 and 40 years old, a history of at least 6 months of physical activity and absence of any drug treatment/consumption. Analysis of body composition, physical performance test and blood collection for subsequent hormonal and biochemical tests were collected. Data were processed and analyzed based on descriptive statistical tests and one-way-ANOVA. Results were considered statistically significant when p&lt;0.05. Results show significant increase in testosterone levels for both females and males treated with TT, decreased levels of body fat among the treated women, increased libido for treated individuals and enhanced strength among treated women. Biochemical parameters among all groups were within normal limits.O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar as diferenças antropométricas, bioquímicas, hormonais ede desempenho entre indivíduos fisicamente ativos que utilizam (ou não) a suplementação comTribulus terrestris (TT). A coorte é composta por 32 indivíduos divididos em dois grupos: 1) 8indivíduos do sexo masculino e 8 do sexo feminino, fisicamente ativos e que utilizam Tribulusterrestres; 2) 8 indivíduos do sexo masculino e 8 do sexo feminino que são fisicamente ativos eutilizam placebo. Os critérios de inclusão para todos os sujeitos consistiram na exigência de idadeentre 18 e 40 anos, histórico de pelo menos 6 meses de atividade física e ausência de qualquertratamento / consumo de drogas. Análise da composição corporal, teste de desempenho físico ecoleta de sangue para testes hormonais e bioquímicos subsequentes foram coletados. Os dadosforam processados e analisados com base em testes estatísticos descritivos e ANOVA one-way. Osresultados foram considerados estatisticamente significantes quando p &amp;lt;0,05. Os resultadosmostram aumento significativo nos níveis de testosterona para mulheres e homens tratados comTT, diminuição dos níveis de gordura corporal entre as mulheres tratadas, aumento da libido paraindivíduos tratados e aumento da força entre mulheres tratadas. Parâmetros bioquímicos entretodos os grupos estavam dentro dos limites normais