Bounds On Fuzzy Dominator Chromatic Number of Fuzzy Soft Bipartite Graphs

An FSG GS(T,V) fuzzy’s soft dominator colouring (FSDC) is a suitable Fuzzy Soft Colouring (FSC) where every node of a colour groupis dominated by a vertex of GS(T,V). In the current work, we characterize the sharp bounds for the Fuzzy Dominator Chromatic Number(FDCN) of fuzzy soft bipartite graphs and we present limits on theFDCN of fuzzy soft bipartite graph in terms of the γe(GS(T; V )).Furthermore, we classify fuzzy soft bipartite graphs into three classesbased on FDC

Factors Influencing Organisational Transformation and the mediation of Transformational Leadership for the Real Estate companies in Bangladesh

Organisational transformation is an evolving and a topic of attention because the environmental factors are continuously evolving and transforming. The main purpose of this research is to understand and identify the factors that influence Organisational Transformation for real estate companies of Bangladesh and develop an effective model for organisational transformation. The scope of the research focused on the private real estate companies of Bangladesh which are officially listed under REHAB. The real estate industry of Bangladesh has significant demand and growing however still there is a demand gap and a large number of companies facing stagnant growth. It is predicted that by the end of year 2030 there will catastrophic demand -supply gap. The economic, technological and socio- cultural dynamics of the country is imposing various changes and challenges on the services and the structure of the industry. All these factors required the companies to undergo organisational transformation to survive and exploit in the turbulent external environment. Therefore, this study aimed to identify if there is a fit model of organisational transformation with the factors that influence organisational transformation with the mediating effect of transformational leadership. The independent variables which are identified as the factors influencing organisational transformation are innovation, strategic fit, organisational learning, employee development, recognition and empowerment.The literature review shows that there is even though there are literature and seminal works to approve the positive relationship between the effective factors influence and organisational transformation, more study and empirical work is required to establish a strengthen relationship. Moreover, there is no empirical study on organisational transformation for the real estate industry in Bangladesh, therefore this study will add significant value to both literature practices. The study included 216 samples from the real estate companies and data was analysed using quantitative methods to meet the research objectives and answer the research questions. The samples included employees of various real estate companies working in managerial positions. Observations were gathered through self- administered 10-point Likert scale questionnaire. The study undertook a diverse, two-way and multidimensional analysis to find out the relationship between different independent variables and the dependent variable. Interesting findings have been discovered about the relationship between the factors and organisational transformation and the mediating effect of Transformation Leadership on Organisational Transformation, The individual regression analysis results show that all six (Innovation, Strategic Fit, Recognition, Employee Development, Empowerment, Organisational Learning) independent variables, found significant positive impact on Organisational Transformation. However, the result differs after adding the mediating variable- Transformational leadership, it was found that a few independent variables have some insignificant and negative impact on Organisational Transformation. One of the important managerial implications of this study is that, for effective organisational transformation, the real estate companies sin Bangladesh should focus employee recognition and innovation. It is recommended that to effectively implement and practice the organisational transformation model developed in this study, organisations should tailor the factors according to their needs, evaluate and monitor regularly and adapt a continuous approach. This research will be a significant seminal work in field of study of these domains in Bangladesh. Hence study makes significant contribution to both practice and literature

An account of Natural material based Non Volatile Memory Device

The development in electronic sector has brought a remarkable change in the life style of mankind. At the same time this technological advancement results adverse effect on environment due to the use of toxic and non degradable materials in various electronic devices. With the emergence of environmental problems, the green, reprogrammable, biodegradable, sustainable and environmental-friendly electronic devices have become one of the best solutions for protecting our environment from hazardous materials without compromising the growth of the electronic industry. Natural material has emerged as the promising candidate for the next generation electronic devices due to its easy processing, transparency, flexibility, abundant resources, sustainability, recyclability, and simple extraction. This review targets the characteristics, advancements, role, limitations, and prospects of using natural materials as the functional layer of a resistive switching memory device with a primary focus on the switching/memory properties. Among the available memory devices, resistive random access memory (RRAM), write once read many (WORM) unipolar memory etc. devices have a huge potential to become the non-volatile memory of the next generation owing to their simple structure, high scalability, and low power consumption. The motivation behind this work is to promote the use of natural materials in electronic devices and attract researchers towards a green solution of hazardous problems associated with the electronic devices.Comment: 32 pages, 8 figures, 2 table

Imitation goods in the fashion industry: protection for the consumers / Siti Nur Hajar Hamzah, Farhana Kamarolzaman, and Suhaily Hussain.

This is a study on imitation goods in the fashion industry and legal protection to the consumer. The main objective of the study is to identify the applicable law in Malaysia that provides protection to consumers who buy imitation fashion goods and analyze their adequacy. The main issue that will be focused is the rights of consumer under the Sale of Goods Act 1957 (SOGA), namely through sale by description and implied condition as to quality or fitness for goods, and the remedies available under the Act. It will also include the comparison between the SOGA in Malaysia, Singapore, and the United Kingdom in terms of sale by description and merchantability of goods in order to identify the weaknesses and limitations in the SOGA 1957. The study also addresses rights for consumer under Consumer Protection Act 1999 (CPA) and the remedies provided under the Act with regard to imitation goods and provides information on Tribunal for Consumer Claims where consumers may claim their rights. This study will also provide a brief comparison between provisions in the SOGA 1957 and the CPA 1999 in terms of the acceptable quality of goods. It will also include relevant suggestions and recommendations to the consumers and the Malaysian government in tackling the problems of imitation goods. As a conclusion, there are still loopholes in the Malaysian sale of goods law regarding imitation goods and the law needs to be added on or amended to make clear provision as to provide protection to the consumers

Fuzzy dominator coloring on fuzzy soft graphs

A fuzzy soft dominator colouring of a fuzzy soft graph $G^S$(T,V) is an appropriate fuzzy soft colouring such that every single vertex of $G^S$(T,V) dominate entire vertex of a colour group. In the present work, we initiate fuzzy dominator colouring on fuzzy soft path, fuzzy soft cycle, complete fuzzy soft graph, complete fuzzy soft bipartite graph and its fuzzy soft dominator chromatic number is presented as well as bounds for fuzzy soft dominator chromatic number on fuzzy soft graph is established

Cost-effectiveness of household contact investigation for detection of tuberculosis in Pakistan

Objectives Despite WHO guidelines recommending household contact investigation, and studies showing the impact of active screening, most tuberculosis (TB) programmes in resource-limited settings only carry out passive contact investigation. The cost of such strategies is often cited as barriers to their implementation. However, little data are available for the additional costs required to implement this strategy. We aimed to estimate the cost and cost-effectiveness of active contact investigation as compared with passive contact investigation in urban Pakistan. Methods We estimated the cost-effectiveness of ‘enhanced’ (passive with follow-up) and ‘active’ (household visit) contact investigations compared with standard ‘passive’ contact investigation from providers and the programme’s perspective using a simple decision tree. Costs were collected in Pakistan from a TB clinic performing passive contact investigation and from studies of active contact tracing interventions conducted. The effectiveness was based on the number of patients with TB identified among household contacts screened. Results The addition of enhanced contact investigation to the existing passive mode detected 3.8 times more cases of TB per index patient compared with passive contact investigation alone. The incremental cost was US$30 per index patient, which yielded an incremental cost of US$120 per incremental patient identified with TB. The active contact investigation was 1.5 times more effective than enhanced contact investigation with an incremental cost of US$238 per incremental patient with TB identified. Conclusion Our results show that enhanced and active approaches to contact investigation effectively identify additional patients with TB among household contacts at a relatively modest cost. These strategies can be added to the passive contact investigation in a high burden setting to find the people with TB who are missed and meet the End TB strategy goals.publishedVersio

Inherited bleeding disorders-experience of a not-for-profit organization in Pakistan

Patient registry is a powerful tool for planning health care and setting groundwork for research. This survey reports a detailed registry of inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) and their management at a not-for-profit organization in a developing country to form the basis for planning development and research. We reviewed medical records of patients with IBD from 8 hemophilia treatment centers of Fatimid Foundation located in various cities. Information collected included sociodemographic data, diagnostic tests, severity of hemophilia A and B, number of bleeding episodes per year, site and frequency of hemarthrosis, and seropositivity for viral diseases. We analyzed 1497 patients from November 1, 2015, to April 30, 2016. There were 1296 (87%) males and 201 (13%) females with a mean age of 24.5 (11) years (range, 6 months to 65 years). Hemophilia A constituted the bulk of IBD (848, 57%) followed by von Willebrand disease (172, 11%), hemophilia B (144, 10%), platelet function defect (106, 7%), and rare bleeding disorders (70, 5%). Mucocutaneous bleeding (1144, 76%) and hemarthrosis (1035 patients, 69%) were the main complications. There were 1026 (69%) patients who received only blood components for treatment of any bleeding episode while the remaining 464 (31%) were on combination therapy (blood components and factor concentrate). Seroreactivity for hepatitis C was frequent (28%), while hepatitis B (1%) and human immunodeficiency virus (0.01%) were less commonly seen. This study was an important step toward a patient registry in a hemophilia treatment center in Pakistan. Hemophilia A is the most common bleeding disorder and hepatitis C is the most frequent treatment-related complicatio

Estimation of Different Biochemical Intensities in Drinking Water from Eastern Region of Lahore City

Background: Lahore is city of over 8 million population with consumption of over 350 million gallons of fresh water per day. The present study was undertaken to determine the suitability of ground water from different areas of Mughalpura Lahore which is being used for drinking purposes.Methods: The ionic concentration of TDS (total dissolved solids), TSS (total suspended solids), calcium, magnesium, sulphate, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate and alkalinity in the collected water samples was determined. The concentration of heavy metals like Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd, As, Pb and Fe was estimated by applying American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods. The EC (electrical conductivity), pH, BOD (biological oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) values of the water were also measured. Data was statistically analyzed through analysis of variance technique.Results: Increasing concentrations of heavy metals like Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Fe and TDS, TSS, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate and alkalinity were obtained. The observed values of EC, BOD and COD were also high in range. Only the pH value obtained was in the range of WHO standards.Conclusion: It was concluded from correlation among various chemical components in water like Ca+2, Mg+2, HCO3- and SO4-2 that this water is not safe for drinking according to WHO standards. The correlation among alkalinity, pH, Ca+2, Cl-, EC, HCO3-, SO4-2, TH and TSS further suggested that the samples with higher amount of these components must not be used for drinking purposes by animals and human

Comparative genomics of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> isolates recovered from ulcer disease patients in England

Background. Genomic diversity of H. pylori from many different human populations is largely unknown. We compared genomes of 65 H. pylori strains from Nottingham, England. Molecular analysis was carried out to identify rearrangements within and outside the cag-pathogenicity-island (cag PAI) and DNA sequence divergence in candidate genes. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on various high-resolution genotyping techniques. Results. Analyses of virulence genes (cagT, cagE, cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and babB) revealed that H. pylori strains from England are genetically distinct from strains obtained from other countries. The toxigenic vacA s1m1 genotype was found to be less common and the plasticity region cluster was found to be disrupted in all the isolates. English isolates showed a predominance of iceA1 alleles and a functional proinflammatory oipA gene. The English H. pylori gene pool revealed several Asian/oriental features. This included the predominance of cagA – glr (cagA right junction) motif types III and II (up to 42%), presence of vacA m1c alleles and phylogenetic affinity towards East Asian / Amerindian gene pools based on fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) analysis and glmM sequence analysis. Conclusion. Overall, our results demonstrated genetic affinities of H. pylori in England with both European and the Asian gene pools and some distinctive genetic features of virulence genes that may have evolved in this important European population