A Case control study to determine Macrophage migration inhibitor, and N-telopeptides of type I bone collagen Levels in the sera of osteoporosis patients

ركزت هذه الدراسة على تحديد علامات مثبط هجرة البلاعم (MIF) ، بالإضافة إلى N-telopeptides من النوع الأول من كولاجين العظام (NTX) ، وبعض المعلمات الأخرى (الفوسفاتيز القلوي (ALP) ، فيتامين د (فيتامين د) ، الكالسيوم (Ca) والفوسفور (P) والمغنيسيوم (Mg) وارتباطهم بالمعايير الأخرى في مرض هشاشة العظام. شارك في الدراسة الحالية (110) شخص. كانت هناك مجموعتان من المرضى في هذه الدراسة: المجموعة الأولى (30) امرأة يعانون من هشاشة العظام الشديدة والمجموعة الثانية (30) من النساء المصابات بهشاشة العظام الخفيفة. تم تضمين 50 فردًا سليمًا كمجموعة تحكم . تم تقدير MIF وNTX باستخدام مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم (ELISA). مستويات المصل من MIF و NTX كانت أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في المجموعتين الأولى والثانية مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة، مما يشير إلى أن هذين المعيارين مرتبطان بالمرض، علاوة على ذلك تم تنظيم MIF و NTX في مجموعة واحدة عند تطبيق اختبار التحليل العنقودي في جميع المجموعات المدروسة، وهذا يشير إلى أنه في معظم العينات المدروسة ارتبطت المعلمتان ببعضهما البعض وكذلك مرتبطة بنقص العظم. أظهرت كلتا العلامات قيمة قطع واضحة باستخدام منحنى ROC. أظهر المغنيسيوم انخفاضًا معنويًا في مستواه في كلا المجموعتين مقارنةً بمجموعة التحكم. بينما أظهر الفوسفاتيز القلوي (ALP) زيادة معنوية فيه فهو نشاط في كلا المجموعتين المدروستين مقارنة بمجموعة التحكم. ظهر اختلاف معنوي في مستوى فيتامين (د) بين المجموعة الأولى والمجموعة الثانية، مع انخفاض معنوي في مستواه عند المقارنة بالمجموعة الثانية مع مجموعة السيطرة. ارتبط MIF و NTX ارتباطًا وثيقًا بمرضى هشاشة العظام، وكذلك Mg و Vit-D. من ناحية أخرى، لم تتغير مستويات الكالسيوم والفوسفور بشكل كبير مع هشاشة العظام التي يمكن اعتبارها عامل خطر طالما أنها منظمة في مجموعة واحدة مع MIF وNTX وMg و Vit D في جميع المرضى الذين خضعوا للدراسة. كان أفضل cut off لـ NTX هو 166.8 بيكوغرام / مل، وكان أفضل cut off لـ MIF هو 8.41 نانوغرام / مل وفقًا لتحليل ROC.This study focused on determining the markers of Macrophage migration inhibitor (MIF), as well as the N-telopeptides of type I bone collagen (NTX), and some other parameters (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D (Vit D), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg), and their correlation with other parameters in osteoporosis. One hundred ten subjects were involved in the current study. There were two groups of patients: group I (30) women with severe osteoporosis and group II (30) women with mild osteoporosis. For comparison, 50 apparently healthy individuals were included as a control. Serum levels of MIF, and NTX were significantly higher in groups I and II as compared to the control group, which indicate that these two parameters were related to disease. Moreover MIF, and NTX were organized in one cluster when applying cluster analysis test to all the studied groups. This indicates that in most of the studied samples the two parameters were related to each other as well as to osteoporosis.  Magnesium showed a significant decrease in its level in both groups as compared to the control. On the other hand, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed a significant increase in  its activity in both studied groups as compared to the control. Vitamin D level manifested significant difference between group I and group II, with a significant decrease in  its level when comparing group II with the control group.  The MIF, NTX was highly associated with osteoporosis patients, in addition to Mg and Vit-D. On the other hand, Ca and P levels did not alter in a significant way with osteoporosis which may be considered as a risk factor as long as they are organized in one cluster with MIF, NTX, Mg, and Vit D in all the studied patients. Both markers showed a clear cut-off value using the ROC curve in which the best cutoff value of NTX was 166.8 pg/ml, and the best cutoff value of MIF was 6.6 ng/ml according to ROC analysis.

Comparison Study between Adipsin Levels in Sera of Iraqi Patients with Diabetes and Neuropathy

 الهدف من الدراسة هو تحديد مستويات الادبسين ،  FBG و الكولسترول  و Homa IR والانسولين و HbA1c و T.Gو HDL و LDL في أمصال مرضى السكري والاعتلال العصبي في العراق . شملت الدراسة الحالية   مشاركة تسعين فردًا ، تم تقسيم المرضى إلى مجموعتين: المجموعة الأولى (30 من الذكور المصابين باعتلال الاعصاب  والسكري) والمجموعة الثانية (30 من الذكور المصابين بالسكري) وتم مقارنة النتائج بمجموعة ثالثة (30 من الرجال  الاصحاء ). أظهرت النتائج انخفاضًا ملحوظًا في مستويات Adipsin (p> 0.05) عند مقارنة مجموعة (Neuropathy، T2DM) مع مجموعة التحكم ، ولكن لم تحدث تغيرات كبيرة بين مجموعات المرضى (Neuropathy ، T2DM) عند المقارنة بشكل فردي ، وانخفض مستوى الأنسولين في الدم بشكل ملحوظ عند مقارنة مجموعة (Neuropathy، T2DM) مع مجموعة التحكم ، وأظهرت النتائج فرقًا كبيرًا بين مجموعات المرضى (Neuropathy ، T2DM) عند مقارنتها بشكل فردي. كانت قيمة    cut off  للادبسين (4510.813 ، 3967.08) عند حسابه في Neuropathy ، T2DM على التوالي ز خلصت الدراسة إلى أن Adipsin هو عامل تشخيصي لـ T2DM مع اعتلال الأعصاب.The current study was designed to compare some of the vital markers in the sera of diabetic and neuropathy patients via estimating Adipsin, Fasting blood Glucose(FBG), Glycated(HbA1c) hemoglobin, Homeostasis Model Assessment Index (Homa IR ), Cholesterol, High density lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides (T.G), Low-density, and lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), in sera of Iraqi patients with diabetes and neuropathy. A total  of ninety  subjects  were divided into three groups: group I (30 diabetic with neuropathy males) and group II (30 diabetic males without neuropathy), and 30 healthy sujects were employed as control group. The results showed a significant decline in Adipsin levels (p>0.05) in neuropathy, T2DM group with respect to the control group, while,  no changes were recorded within both diabetic patients groups .The serum insulin level dropped considerably  in neuropathy, T2DM group in a comparison with control group. The Adipsin ROC curve showed a clear cut-off value (4510.813, 3967.08) when calculated in neuropathy, T2DM respectively. The study concluded that Adipsin  is a diagnostic factor for T2DM with neuropath

Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 as a Novel Diagnostic Marker in Sera of Iraqi Patients with Acromegaly

The purpose of this study was to measure serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP7), Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), Growth Hormone (GH), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and insulin in acromegaly patients and healthy controls. The acromegaly group had 60 patients, while the population group had 30 people who had never had acromegaly before. The concentration of IGFBP7, IGF-1, GH, IL-6, and insulin were determined. The results of the present study indicate that IGFBP7 level in the acromegaly group was significantly lower (1.690.07 ng/mL vs. 2.740.12 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.001). IGF-1, GH, IL-6, and insulin concentrations were also significantly higher in acromegaly patients. The diagnostic accuracy (2.194) was excellent in separating acromegaly from the healthy patient group, and the area under the curve (AUC = 0.871, p = 0.001). From the results of the present study, we can conclude that serum IGFBP7 can be used to distinguish acromegaly patients from healthy individuals

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Levels of antioxidant enzymes and alkaline protease from pulp and peel of sunflower

Objective: The activity of enzymes participating in the systems of antioxidant protection was assayed in the peel and pulp of sunflower. The essential roles of proteases in food stimulate research to find other sources of the enzyme especially from non-conventional sources. In the present work, we study several biochemical parameters in the pulp and peel of sunflower. Methods: Pulp and peel of sunflower was extracted, antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidant were measured. Alkaline protease was measured and purified from pulp in sunflower. Results: High carbohydrate concentration, beta-carotene, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, free radical scavenging capacity and free flavonoid content were observed in the peel of sunflower. Whereas, MDA and ceruloplasmin activities were high in the pulp of sunflower. Conclusions: The present study concluded that peel in sunflower are strong radical scavengers and can be considered as good sources of natural antioxidants for medicinal and commercial uses. Further analysis showed that protease activity was a significantly high in the pulp compared to the peel

Serum E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 level and peroxynitrite related to oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis patients

Objective: To prove probable relations between serum E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) concentration, peroxynitrite related to oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients with nephrolithiasis and 50 healthy volunteers were involved in this study. Colorimetric method was used to detect blood urea, creatinine, uric acid, protein, albumin, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and oxidative stress index. Glutathione, NSMCE2 and superoxide dismutase were measured by ELISA. Results: A significant increase in level of peroxynitrite, total oxidant status, NSMCE2 and oxidative stress index in patients was observed, while total antioxidant status and glutathione were significantly decreased. Conclusions: The study concluded that serum NSMCE2 significantly correlated with peroxynitrite and oxidative stress in patients with nephrolithiasis