Demographic Profiles of Iranian Individuals with Personality Disorder

Background and Aim:Personality disorders (PDs) are widespread, rigid, and maladaptive with collections of traits that impair individuals and limit their capacity to function effectively. Recent studiesindicate that PDs are consistently associated with several demographic characteristics. The present study was conducted toinvestigate the differences between the demographic characteristics of DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs in an Iranian clinical sample. Materials and Methods:Data on the demographic distribution of DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs were derived from a total of 430 Iranian patients with PDs presenting to four clinical centers in Tehran using well-established measures. Different statistical analysis methods were used to compare demographic differences between DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs. These analyzes were performed using SPSS software V. 22. Results:Data analysis indicated that educational level, gender, age, marital status, average monthly household costs, and ethnicity had an impact on most PDs. In return, birth order accounted for the changes in only DSM-5 Section II histrionic PD. Conclusion:Current research reveals that certain demographic subgroups have an impact on PDs. Accordingly, the need for psychiatric services for these individuals needs to be explored

Investigating the Relationship between Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study of Internet Companies in the West of Mazandaran Province

Extended AbstractAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between business ethics and corporate social responsibility; a case study of Internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province. The present research is applicable in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method of data collection; and is specifically based on structural equation modeling. The present research population is the customers of internet service companies in the west of Mazandaran province, estimated 100,000 people; 384 of which were considered as a sample, based on the target population and according to Morgan's table. The sampling method in this study is simple randomization., two questionnaires were used in the present study as the collection tools, including Carol's Social Responsibility Questionnaire (1979) and Petty Standard Work Ethics Questionnaire (1990). Findings showed that there is a relationship between business ethics and corporate social responsibility of a case study of Internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province. There is a relationship between attachment and interest in work and social responsibility in internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province. There is also a relationship between perseverance and seriousness in work and social responsibility in internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province. There is another relationship between healthy and humane relationships in the workplace and social responsibility in Internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province. Finally, there is a relationship between collective spirit and cooperation in work and social responsibility in internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province.IntroductionOne of the elements in an environment with moral decadence is social responsibility, which can be presumed economically, legally, morally or religiously. In fact, it shows the commitment of organizations to maximize benefits and minimize social costs. Managers who have a long-term vision are ready to undergo the expenditure for improvement of the welfare of society, solving social problems, environmental pollution, improvement of working conditions, respect of human rights, participation in public welfare affairs, etc., to benefit from social progress through social activities in the long run, and on the other hand, to gain credibility and reputation for themselves in society and among customers and stakeholders. Social responsibility activities as extra-organizational activities and social commitment can be easily observed and judged by outsiders, while business ethics reflects the implicit and internal beliefs of companies (Taghi Zadeh & Soltani, 2018). Social responsibility and business ethics are two interrelated concepts that must be considered simultaneously when examining the impact of ethical plans on company performance. Social responsibility is also referred to as organizational citizenship and sustainable business responsibility, and reflects the position of companies towards all corporate stakeholders including corporate shareholders, the environment, consumers, employees and the general public (Darini, 2020).According to the above, the main issue of the research is the relationship between business ethics and corporate social responsibility of the case study of Internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province.Theoretical frameworkJafari & Rezaei Fard (2021) examined the impact of business ethics and social responsibility on corporate branding. The results showed that ethics and social responsibility have direct and positive effects on the brand of companies. Corporate social responsibility is a pervasive category that includes ethics. Therefore, companies that seek to compete in global markets should, in addition to profitability, provide the ground for compliance with work ethic and fulfill their social responsibility to customers. Therefore, it is recommended to company managers; by compiling an ethical charter and continuous training of employees, provide the ground for the development of the brand in question and take steps to maintain the dignity and satisfaction of customers.Darini (2020) examined the role of business ethics in corporate social responsibility. The results showed that in the main hypothesis, business ethics has a positive effect on corporate social responsibility, the first sub-hypothesis of business ethics has a positive effect on the economic dimension of corporate social responsibility, the second sub-hypothesis of business ethics has a positive effect in the legal dimension of corporate social responsibility, the third sub-hypothesis of business ethics has a positive effect on the ethical dimension of corporate social responsibility, and the fourth sub-hypothesis; business ethics has a positive effect on the dimension of charitable activities of corporate social responsibility. In this study, all five hypotheses were confirmed.Ghayur et al (2019) in his article entitled the relationship between social responsibility, and moral reputation and brand equity; Analyzed the mediating role of trust. The obtained results indicate a positive relationship between social responsibility and moral reputation and brand equity. Based on the results, it can be said that customer trust as a mediating variable in relation to corporate social responsibility actions plays an increasing role on the moral reputation and brand equity; therefore, innovative measures of social responsibility should be done in a way that leads to build customer trust and enhance the ethical reputation and equity of the brand. O.C. Ferrell et al (2019) published a paper entitled Business Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Branding Approach. Findings from a 351-member panel of respondents provide new insights into customer expectations, understanding corporate social responsibility, and business ethics behavior. Based on the results, it can be said that although corporate social responsibility attitudes are important, but customers attach great importance to business ethics as a critical behavior in shaping their understanding of brand attitudes.  Methodology The present research is an applicable research in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey research in terms of the method used. The present research population is the customers of internet service companies in the west of Mazandaran province. An estimated 100,000 people; According to the target population and according to Morgan's table, 384 people were considered as a sample. The sampling method in this randomization is simple. The sampling method in this study is simple randomization. Two questionnaire (Carol, 1979) and a questionnaire (Peti, 1990) were used to collect data related to the social responsibility variable.Discussion and ResultsIn order to test the research hypothesis, structural equation modeling method with the help of SPSS software was used; and inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses. Then regression was used to test the hypotheses with pls software that is confirmatory and content factor analysis as well as the effect of factors, and the results showed that business ethics index has a coefficient of 0.784, in other words, there is a connection as much as 78.4% between business ethics and corporate social responsibility of the case study of internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province; this is related to the explanation of variance related to business ethics to variable changes in social responsibility. Attachment and interest in work has a coefficient of 0.754, in other words, there is a connection as much as 75.4% between the attachment and interest in work and the social responsibility of internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province. This is related to the explanation of variance related to attachment and interest in work to variable changes in social responsibility. The index of perseverance and seriousness in work has a coefficient of 0.750, in other words, there is a relationship as much as 75% between perseverance and seriousness in work and social responsibility in Internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province. This means that the explanation of variance related to perseverance and seriousness in work is related to variable changes in social responsibility. Healthy and human relations index has a coefficient of 0.763, in other words, there is a relationship as much as 76.3% between healthy and human relations and social responsibility in Internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province; this means that the explanation of variance related to health and human relationships is related to variable changes in social responsibility. Collective spirit and participation in work has a coefficient of 0.791, in other words, there is a relationship as much as 79.1% between collective spirit an participation in work and social responsibility in Internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province; this means that the explanation of variance related to collective spirit and participation in work is related to variable changes in social responsibility.ConclusionThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between business ethics and corporate social responsibility of a case study of Internet companies in the west of Mazandaran province. The results of this study are consistent with the results of O.C. Ferrell et al, (2019). In their article, entitled Business Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and the Brand Approach, they found that understanding the relative importance of business ethics and social responsibility is crucial in determining brand attitudes. (Akbari & Faham, 2016) (Kiyani, 2015) (Diyanati & Reza pour, 2015) Studies show that business ethics have an impact on corporate social responsibility. According to the present study, it is suggested that the managers of companies and organizations, by providing arrangements in the organization, hire people who are bound to the ethical principles approved by the organization and the company. Managers should take steps to promote employee ethics by holding classes and programs. The ethical charter of the organization should be explained clearly and explicitly to all employees. Managers should provide meetings for employees to comment on ethical issues By arranging meetings and programs, Managers of organizations should remind employees of the organization's their social responsibilities to society. By showing leadership, company managers create in employees the feeling that they can freely comment and be accountable in their work. Managers of companies selling online goods and services can use effective advertising such as the use of advertising billboards, media such as television and newspapers, advertising sites or through the distribution of brochures and catalogs, promote the level of consumer awareness as they advertise their brand and remind the people the company's social responsibly, and mention what they did

In silico characterization of competing endogenous RNA network in glioblastoma multiforme with a systems biology approach

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent malignant type of primary brain cancers and is a malignancy with poor prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to find novel therapeutic modalities based on molecular events occur at different stages of tumor progression. We used expression profiles of GBM tissues that contained long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA signatures to make putative ceRNA networks. Our strategy led to identification of 1080 DEmRNAs, including 777 downregulated DEmRNAs (such as GJB6 and SLC12A5) and 303 upregulated DEmRNAs (such as TOP2A and RRM2), 19 DElncRNAs, including 16 downregulated DElncRNAs (such as MIR7-3HG and MIR124-2HG) and 3 upregulated DElncRNAs (such as CRNDE and XIST) and 49 DEmiRNAs, including 10 downregulated DEmiRNAs (such as hsa-miR-10b-5p and hsa-miR-1290) and 39 upregulated DEmiRNAs (such as hsa-miR-219a-2-3p and hsa-miR-338-5p). We also identified DGCR5, MIAT, hsa-miR-129-5p, XIST, hsa-miR-128-3p, PART1, hsa-miR-10b-5p, LY86-AS1, CRNDE, and DLX6-AS1 as 10 hub genes in the ceRNA network. The current study provides novel insight into molecular events during GBM pathogenesis. The identified molecules can be used as therapeutic targets for GBM

Thermal Scanning of Dental Pulp Chamber by Thermocouple System and Infrared Camera during Photo Curing of Resin Composites

Introduction: Due to thermal hazard in composite restorations, this study was designed to scan the pulp temperature by thermocouple and infrared camera during photo polymerizing different composites. Methods and Materials: A mesio-occlso-distal (MOD) cavity was prepared in an extracted tooth and the K-type thermocouple was fixed in its pulp chamber. Subsequently, 1 mm increment of each composites were inserted (four composite types were incorporated) and photo polymerized employing either LED or QTH systems for 60 sec while the temperature was recorded with 10 sec intervals. Ultimately, the same tooth was hemisected bucco-lingually and the amalgam was removed. The same composite curing procedure was repeated while the thermogram was recorded using an infrared camera. Thereafter, the data was analyzed by repeated measured ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD Post Hoc test for multiple comparisons (α=0.05). Results: The pulp temperature was significantly increased (repeated measures) during photo polymerization (P=0.000) while there was no significant difference among the results recorded by thermocouple comparing to infrared camera (P>0.05). Moreover, different composite materials and LCUs lead to similar outcomes (P>0.05). Conclusion: Although various composites have significant different chemical compositions, they lead to similar pulp thermal changes. Moreover, both the infrared camera and the thermocouple would record parallel results of dental pulp temperature.Keywords:Exothermic Reaction; Infrared Camera; Light Curing Unit; Pulp Temperature; Resin Composite; Thermocouple

The Relationship between the Structures of Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (PID-5) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)

Objective: The Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5), is a trait-based measure of pathological personality designed to assess Criterion B of an alternative diagnostic system for personality disorders (PDs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relations among the PID-5 and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF); a commonly used self-report instrument with a hierarchical structure. Method: We examined the joint structure of the PID-5 scales along with levels of the MMPI-2-RF hierarchy to understand whether conceptually expected structures tend to be loaded with each other. Data were collected from 536 participants from the general population of Iran. Results: Findings of Pearson’s correlation analyses exhibited the generally expected patterns between the two mentioned measures on most scales, with some divergences. Similarly, although applying a set of joint exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) exhibited some factor loadings for PID-5 facets within the hierarchical framework of MMPI-2-RF scales that were different to what was theoretically expected, both measures were generally loaded in a conceptually expected way, indicating that they have a similar dimensional structure. Conclusion: Our findings provide support for adequate convergence of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathology structures, as well as for utilizing MMPI-2-RF to measure personality psychopathology from a dimensional perspective. The implications of these results are discussed by the authors

Expression pattern of non-coding RNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma

Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is a benign tumor arising from the adenohypophyseal cells. They can be associated with symptoms arising from mass effect. Although these tumors are regarded to be benign tumors, they are associated with increased comorbidity and mortality. Several studies have indicated abnormal expression of genes in these tumors. In the current study, we have used existing methods to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including DE long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) and DE microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in NFPAs compared with normal samples. Then, we have assessed the relation between these genes and important signaling pathways. Our analyses led to identification of 3131 DEGs, including 189 downregulated DEGs (such as RPS4Y1 and DDX3Y) and 2898 upregulated DEGs (such as ASB3 and DRD4), and 44 DElncRNAs, including 8 downregulated DElncRNAs (such as NUTM2B-AS1 and MALAT1) and 36 upregulated DElncRNAs (such as BCAR4 and SRD5A3-AS1). GnRH signaling pathway, Tight junction, Gap junction, Melanogenesis, DNA replication, Nucleotide excision repair, Mismatch repair and N-Glycan biosynthesis have been among dysregulated pathways in NFPAs. Taken together, our study has revealed differential expression of several genes and signaling pathways in this type of tumors

Assessment of the quality of randomized controlled trials in orthodontics published in PubMed indexed journals by Iranian authors from 2007 to 2017

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for providing evidence in clinical research. The present study was performed with the objective to assess the quality of reports of RCTs in orthodontics in PubMed-indexed journals published by Iranian authors from 2007 to 2017. METHODS: All the articles on orthodontics published from 2007 to 2017 and indexed in PubMed with Iran affiliations were reviewed and quality evaluation was performed on them using JADAD checklist. RESULTS: A total of 23 RCTs were evaluated. The mean of total score was 3.09 out of 5 and only 39.1% of the articles had appropriate methods of blinding and randomization. The cause for withdrawal was given in 65.2% of the articles. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the quality of RCTs published by Iranian authors in orthodontics was acceptable, however improvements were necessary. KEYWORDS: Randomized Clinical Trials; Quality Assessment; Orthodontics; Ira

Effect of oral Utrogestan in comparison with Cetrotide on preventing luteinizing hormone surge in IVF cycles: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Oral progesterone is recommended as an alternative to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists to prevent luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. However, there are little data regarding its use. Objective: We aimed to compare the effect of oral Utrogestan and Cetrotide (a GnRH antagonist) on preventing LH surge in ART cycles. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 100 infertile women undergoing ART who received recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at 150- 225 IU/day were randomly assigned to receive either Utrogestan 100 mg twice a day (case group) or GnRH antagonist protocol (control group) from cycle day 3 until the trigger day. Triggering was performed with 10,000 IU hCG) when there were at least three mature follicles. Viable embryos were cryopreserved for transfer in the next cycle for both groups. The number of oocytes retrieved and transferred embryos were compared between groups. Results: The case group had significantly higher progesterone levels on triggering day, more follicles of >14 mm with higher maturity, and more oocytes retrieved with a higher rate of embryos transferred. A small increase in the pregnancy rate was observed in the case group, with no significant between-group differences. The most important result was the lack of premature LH surge in either group upon serum LH assessment on the triggering day. Conclusion: Utrogestan is an alternative treatment that could reduce the LH surge rate and increase the ART outcomes including the number of oocytes retrieved and transferred embryos compared with GnRH agonists and antagonists. Key words: In vitro fertilization, Premature luteinization, Utrogestan