275 research outputs found
Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Columbia: una escuela urbana e internacional para graduados en Trabajo Social.
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La escuela de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Columbia: una escuela urbana e internacional para graduados in Trabajo Social
La Escuela de Trabajo Social de
la Universidad de Columbia en Nueva
York (CUSSW”, Columbia University
School of Social Work) es la más antigua
de los Estados Unidos de América.
Creada en 1898, continúa consideránclose
actualmente como una institución
académica pionera e innovadora.
CUSSW se encuentra en la ciudad
de Nueva York, centro de numerosas
instituciones educativas, de
negocios y de organizaciones de bienestar
social tanto de ámbito local,
como nacional e internacional. Tiene
además una extensión en el condado
de Westchester, en las afueras de la
ciudad de Nueva York.
Al tiempo que la economía de
Nueva York se recuperaba de las
numerosas pérdidas de puestos de
trabajo motivada por la recesión económica
del perfodo 1969-77, esta
recuperación dejó al margen, tras sí,
un número creciente de negros e hispanos,
de inmigrantes de América
Latina, Asia, Africa. La transformación
de una economía industrial en una
economia financiera y de servicios
amplió las oportunidades de trabajo
para ¡os que disponían de mayores
cualificaciones y habilidades profesionales.
Pero en otros casos, los altos y
crecientes índices de fracaso escolar
en las enseñanzas medias, así como
el aumento del analfabetismo en los
adultos, excluyó a muchos que sólo
podían realizar trabajos marginales.
Así, los indices de pobreza de Nueva
York están por encima de los niveles
nacionales. Las desigualdades en
ingresos y en la riqueza son mayores
hoy que en el pasado. El paro y los
despidos afecta especialmente a los
jóvenes, por encima claramente de los
promedios nacionales. La industria
continúa en declive, y con él la posibi-
¡idad de acceso a un puesto de trabajo.
Estos son los resultados: una
depresión económica que vieneacompañada
por una nueva alienación y
patología sociales. Los “sin techo”, el
sida y la drogadicción han alcanzada
niveles sin precedentes, que marcarán
el contexto y la práctica de los años
90. Estos problemas —junto con otros
tales como el maltrato a menores y
ancianos, los embarazos de adolescentes
y las necesidades de los
minusválidos— salpican todos los grupos
sociales y económicos, pero son
particularmente visibles en la población
que circunda la Escuela de Trabajo
Social. Los propósitos de la
Escuela toman estas condiciones
sociales como su contexto natural
The Law and Policy of Child Maltreatment
Each year in the United States some four million children are reported to child protective services and hundreds of thousands of children are confirmed victims of maltreatment. This chapter provides a brief overview of the civil and criminal law’s response to child abuse and neglect. It summarizes the major federal statutes that provide funding to the states to support both civil and criminal law responses to maltreatment. It discusses the division of responsible for responding to child maltreatment between the federal and state governments (federalism). It also provides a summary of the constitutional framework for handling both civil and criminal child maltreatment cases
Concurrent planning in public child welfare agencies: oxymoron or work in progress?
Concurrent planning is used increasingly in child welfare practice as one strategy to expedite permanency for children. The strategy was developed in small, private agency contexts utilizing comprehensive and intensive services; how and with what success concurrent planning concepts have been implemented by large public child welfare bureaucracies is not known. This study examines the implementation of concurrent planning in six county child welfare agencies in a large western state. Quantitative data were extracted from case files of a sample of 885 children entering out-of-home care before and after implementation of concurrent planning legislation. Interviews and focus groups with 180 individuals (including agency social workers, supervisors, and court personnel) from the same counties contextualize these findings. Results from the study help to identify factors that may facilitate or hinder successful implementation
The differential effects of concurrent planning practice elements on reunification and adoption
Objective: The child welfare practice of concurrent planning attempts to shorten children\u27s stays in foster care. There is very little quantitative research on concurrent planning\u27s effects. This study examines the influence of concurrent planning practice elements (reunification prognosis, concurrent plan, full disclosure, and discussion of voluntary relinquishment) on reunification and adoption. Method: Using a sample of 885 children, an observational design, and statistical controls, children who received concurrent planning elements were compared to those who did not. Results: Findings show discussion of voluntary relinquishment to be positively associated with adoption and full disclosure to be negatively associated with reunification. Conclusions: Concurrent planning\u27s benefits may require more intensive services to be fully realized. Care should be taken to ensure activities achieve their intended effects
Multidimensional treatment foster care for preschoolers: early findings of an implementation in the Netherlands
Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) has been shown to be an evidence based alternative to residential rearing and an effective method to improve behavior and attachment of preschool foster children in the US. This preliminary study investigated an application of MTFC for preschoolers (MTFC-P) in the Netherlands focusing on behavioral outcomes in course of the intervention. To examine the following hypothesis: “the time in the MTFC-P intervention predicts a decline in problem behavior, as this is the desired outcome for children assigned to MTFC-P”, we assessed the daily occurrence of 38 problem behaviors via telephone interviews. Repeated measures revealed significant reduced problem behavior in course of the program. MTFC-P promises to be a treatment model suitable for high-risk foster children, that is transferable across centres and countries
Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Quality of Life: What is the Difference?
The terms health, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and quality of life (QoL) are used interchangeably. Given that these are three key terms in the literature, their appropriate and clear use is important. This paper reviews the history and definitions of the terms and considers how they have been used. It is argued that the definitions of HRQoL in the literature are problematic because some definitions fail to distinguish between HRQoL and health or between HRQoL and QoL. Many so-called HRQoL questionnaires actually measure self-perceived health status and the use of the phrase QoL is unjustified. It is concluded that the concept of HRQoL as used now is confusing. A potential solution is to define HRQoL as the way health is empirically estimated to affect QoL or use the term to only signify the utility associated with a health state
Specialized foster care and group home care: Similarities and differences in the characteristics of children in care
Until recently, foster children who presented special medical or behavioral problems were largely served in group care environments. Specialized (or "treatment") foster care has recently been developed to serve some of these challenging children. Although growing evidence points to the special needs of children in foster care, much is still unknown about how children placed in various out-of-home care settings differ from one another. The growth of specialized foster care as an alternative placement to group care, calls for examination of how children in these settings compare on demographic, educational, health, and behavioral characteristics. A cross-sectional mailed survey was distributed to all group care and specialized foster care agencies in a large state to address topics related to children's characteristics. Comparisons point to two groups of very difficult children, with unique mental health and health needs. © 1993
Protecting children from their families and themselves: State laws and the constitution
State laws provide a variety of means to protect children from self-inflicted or parentally-inflicted harm. In recent years, the Supreme Court has imposed stringent procedural requirements on juvenile delinquency laws. In the past year, however, the Court has refused to extend these procedural stringencies to analogous child-protective state laws. This article explores generally the rationale for court application, by constitutional mandate, of procedural safeguards to a broad range of child-protective legislation. The article suggests that some criminal-procedure rights are vitally important to protect children and their parents from inappropriate state interventions, but that wholesale application of all criminal rights, as if these laws were no different from criminal laws, unduly restricts proper application of these laws. Guidelines for determining what criminal rights should and should not be applied to child-protective legislation generally are suggested .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45257/1/10964_2005_Article_BF01537066.pd
A comparison of kinship foster homes and foster family homes: Implications for kinship foster care as family preservation
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