IS1245 genotypic analysis of Mycobacterium avium isolates from patients in Brazil

AbstractObjective: Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection is an emerging opportunistic disease among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Brazil. The mode of transmission of M. avium in a developing country setting needs to be better characterized.Methods: Mycobacterium avium strain collections in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were analyzed according to the strains' IS1245 DNA gel electrophoretic migration patterns. Medical records of the patients from whom M. avium isolates were available were reviewed, and their demographic characteristics were stratified according to the isolates' IS1245 DNA fingerprint patterns.Results: Of 105 patients, 33 (31 %) with M. avium isolated between 1990 and 1994 had strains having IS1245 patterns identical in patterns seen in isolates from two or more patients (designated as cluster pattern strains). Cluster pattern strains were isolated from 21 (39%) of 54 patients with disseminated infection (defined as infection due to M. avium isolated from a sterile site in an adult patient). Six of the cluster pattern strains were isolated only from sterile sites. In São Paulo, cluster pattern strains were significantly more likely to be isolated from patients with disseminated disease.Conclusions: These preliminary observations suggest that in large cities of Brazil, a high proportion (at least 39%) of disseminated M. avium infections in patients with AIDS results from a recent transmission. Some strains of M. avium may be more likely to cause disseminated disease than others after an infection

Nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rondonia, Brazil

The main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We aimed to evaluate the contribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to pulmonary disease in patients from the state of Rondônia using respiratory samples and epidemiological data from TB cases. Mycobacterium isolates were identified using a combination of conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65 gene and hsp65 gene sequencing. Among the 1,812 cases suspected of having pulmonary TB, 444 yielded bacterial cultures, including 369 cases positive for MTB and 75 cases positive for NTM. Within the latter group, 14 species were identified as Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium tusciae, Mycobacterium porcinum, Mycobacterium novocastrense, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium holsaticum and 13 isolates could not be identified at the species level. The majority of NTM cases were observed in Porto Velho and the relative frequency of NTM compared with MTB was highest in Ji-Paraná. In approximately half of the TB subjects with NTM, a second sample containing NTM was obtained, confirming this as the disease-causing agent. The most frequently observed NTM species were M. abscessus and M. avium and because the former species is resistant to many antibiotics and displays unsatisfactory cure rates, the implementation of rapid identification of mycobacterium species is of considerable importance

Whole genome sequence of Mycobacterium kansasii isolates of the genotype 1 from Brazilian patients with pulmonary disease demonstrates considerable heterogeneity.

Mycobacterium kansasii is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most commonly encountered species in individuals with lung disease. We here report the complete genome sequence of 12 clinical isolates of M. kansasii from patients with pulmonary disease in Brazil

Testiradan toimintavarmuuden parantaminen

Työntarkoituksena oli parantaa katsastusaseman, sään vaihteluille alttiina olevan, testiradan toimintavarmuutta ja lisätä mittatarkkuutta, sekä toistomahdollisuutta muuttuvista keliolosuhteista huolimatta. Testiradan korjauksen kohteena olevat osat olivat heilahduksenvaimentimien testauslaite ja jarrudynamometri. Työssä käsiteltiin kyseisten mittalaitteiden toimintaperiaatteita, sekä niiden käytöstä aiheutuvaa kulumista. Varsinainen työ oli näiden mittalaitteiden kulumisesta aiheutuneiden mahdollisten mittaustarkkuuteen vaikuttavien tekijöiden poistaminen tai ainakin mittatarkkuuden heikkenemisen minimointi. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli parantaa laitteiden huollettavuutta, sekä pidentää niiden käyttöikää. Parannusten jälkeiseen laitteiston toimivuuteen oltiin tyytyväisiä. Joitain kulumisen mukanaan tuomia mahdollisia puutteita tai uusia parannuskohteita ei korjauksen jälkeen pystytty arvioimaan lyhyestä seurantajaksosta johtuen.The aim of the work was to improve inspection station`s reliability of the test track. It is exposed to variable weather conditions and sometimes in harsh Finnish winter, reliability of measuring and testing brakes and shock absorbers is at stakes. Main goal is to minimize this risk of measuring errors and make testing repeatability higher. Parts of the test track that were repaired were brake dynamometer and shock absorber tester. During this work, basic principles of how these instruments work are explained. Also the most common problems caused by wearing are presented and showed how they can be repaired. Or at least minimize the defect of the wear. Reliability and maintainability should be increased by these repairing’s. After repairs, functionality of the gadgets increased and reliability should come to higher level. Despite lack of time, during following period of surveying the most of the units of measure were just like they should have been after the repairs

Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. africanum isolated from a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil

Universidade Federal de Goiás. Hospital das Clínicas. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Pesquisa Clínica e Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada em Micobacterias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Goiás. Hospital das Clínicas. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Goiás. Hospital das Clínicas. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada em Micobacterias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit. Instituto de Biomedicina. San Jose, Caracas, Venezuela / Universidad de Las Américas. Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. One Health Research Group. Quito, Ecuador.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.International Institute of InformationTechnology - Bangalore. Department of Data Science. Bangalore, India.Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas. Medellín, Colombia.Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas. Medellín, Colombia.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada em Micobacterias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada em Micobacterias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Institute of Tropical Medicine. Mycobacteriology Unit. Antwerp, Belgium.Institute of Tropical Medicine. Mycobacteriology Unit. Antwerp, Belgium.Universidade Federal de Goiás. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada em Micobacterias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Human tuberculosis (TB) is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), including Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. africanum (MAF). While MTB is isolated worldwide, MAF is almost completely restricted to the African continent, and despite the historical proximity between Brazil and Africa during the slave trade, no case of TB being caused by MAF has been reported in Brazil to date. We hereby describe the first case of TB caused by MAF in Brazil comparing its genome against the published ones. A female patient who had never visited Africa presented with clinical symptoms typical of pulmonary TB. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the cultured isolate was identified as belonging to MTBC and partial sequence of the hsp65 gene was identical to that of MAF. This was confirmed by genotyping based on detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), Region of Difference (RD) and spoligotyping. The isolate presented the Shared International Typing (SIT) 181. In the whole-genome comparison against MAF genomes available on published EMBL-EBI European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), the Brazilian genome (MAFBRA00707) was identified as belonging to Lineage 6 and clustered with isolates from The Gambia. This is the first report of the isolation of MAF from a patient from Brazil, without evidence of having any contact with an African index cas

Whole genome sequence of Mycobacterium kansasii isolates of the genotype 1 from Brazilian patients with pulmonary disease demonstrates considerable heterogeneity

<div><p>Mycobacterium kansasii is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most commonly encountered species in individuals with lung disease. We here report the complete genome sequence of 12 clinical isolates of M. kansasii from patients with pulmonary disease in Brazil.</p></div