Mass transfer from a giant star to a main sequence companion and its contribution to long-orbital-period blue stragglers

Binary population synthesis shows that mass transfer from a giant star to a main-sequence (MS) companion may account for some observed long-orbital period blue stragglers. However, little attention {\bf is paid to this blue straggler formation scenario} as dynamical instability often happens when the mass donor is a giant star. In this paper, we have studied the critical mass ratio, $q_{\rm c}$, for dynamically stable mass transfer from a giant star to a MS companion using detailed evolution calculations. The results show that a more evolved star is generally less stable for Roche lobe overflow. Meanwhile, $q_{\rm c}$ almost linearly increases with the amount of the mass and angular momentum {\bf lost} during mass transfer, but has little dependance on stellar wind. To conveniently use the result, we give a fit of $q_{\rm c}$ as a function of the stellar radius at the onset of Roche lobe overflow and of the mass transfer efficiency during the Roche lobe overflow. To examine the formation of blue stragglers from mass transfer between giants and MS stars, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations with various $q_{\rm c}$. {\bf The simulations show that some binaries with the mass donor on the first giant branch may contribute to blue stragglers with $q_{\rm c}$ obtained in this paper but will not from previous $q_{\rm c}$. Meanwhile, from our $q_{\rm c}$, blue stragglers from the mass transfer between an AGB star and a MS companion may be more numerous and have a wider range of orbital periods than those from the other $q_{\rm c}$.Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures. accepted by MNRA

Does the aura surrounding healthy-related imported products fade in China? ERP evidence for the country-of-origin stereotype.

Chinese consumers' craze about imported products, especially foods and drugs, peaked after various safety incidents, such as the contamination of Chinese dairy products. Recently, this boom has gradually receded because of the constant quality problems of imported products and the stricter safety supervision of domestic products. Researchers have measured consumer's perception toward domestic and imported products in various ways. In the current research, we investigated whether the country-of-origin stereotype has weakened in Chinese young consumers at the neurological level. By using a word-pair paradigm, 21 young participants were required to classify positive or negative words while event-related potentials were recorded. The results showed that reaction time to identify negative words following presentation of imported products (imported-negative condition) was longer than domestic products (domestic-negative condition). The amplitudes of N270 and LPP evoked in the imported-negative condition were significantly larger than those in the domestic-negative condition, possibly reflecting the higher expectation conflict when participate identified the adjectives as negative primed by imported healthy-related products. These findings revealed that young Chinese consumers still evaluated imported products better than domestic products

Empirical Evaluation of the Environmental Emergency Management Capability of Local Governments in China

Environmental emergency management is an important practical subject for local governments. Understanding the different dimensions of environmental emergency management capability is crucial for enabling a well-informed governance performance. Based on the crisis management 4R theory (comprising four stages: reduction, readiness, response and recovery), PPRR emergency management theory (emergency management is categorized into four stages: prevention, preparation, response and recovery), crisis life cycle theory and ISO 22320, this paper divided local government environmental emergency management capability into four dimensions of a dynamic pre–during–post process: preparedness, early warning, response and recovery. This paper applied a confirmatory factor analysis model to confirm the classification standards of the four capabilities, which are strongly correlated within environmental emergency management. We found that China’s local government environmental emergency management capability is generally at an upper-middle level, according to the empirical data. We also analyzed the regional differences in local government environmental emergency management capability across China and concluded that the environmental emergency management capability of local governments in the eastern region is higher than those in other regions. The capability levels in the central, western and northeastern regions are more similar to each other and show a decreasing distribution in the east–central–west–northeast region