Gestión financiera municipal en los estados financieros del gobierno local de Satipo, 2017 – 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en evaluar el estado de gestión financiera municipal contribuyó positivamente con respecto al estado situacional financiero del Gobierno local de la Provincia de Satipo durante los años 2017 al 2020. La presente tesis de investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de un modelo tipo de investigación básica, de diseño no experimental longitudinal, cuyo método fue hipotético deductivo, considerándose como población la información contable y de patrimonio con tipo de muestra intencional a través de los registros que se efectuaron durante los periodos del 2017 al 2020, cuyo tamaño de muestra fueron los registros contables, para ello consideramos dos variables: Gestión financiera municipal y Estado de situación financiera, utilizándose la estadística descriptiva inferencial, con análisis de variancia y modelos de predicción con regresión lineal múltiple., para ello se efectuó el análisis comparativo de los importes por cada cuenta contable de los estados financieros. Los resultados de la estadística muestran resultados donde se observa un R cuadrado de 0,651 el coeficiente de calidad explicativa del estado de gestión financiera de 65,1% y se prueba que la gestión municipal influye significativamente en el estado de la situación financiera por cuanto p: ,013 < α: ,05 por lo que se acepta que la gestión financiera municipal contribuye positivamente con el estado situacional financiero en el Gobierno local de Municipio de Satipo en los años 2017 al 2020

Aplicación del método PHVA para la mejora de la productividad en los procesos de producción de una empresa de inyección de plásticos Lima 2021

El trabajo de investigación que a continuación se presenta, tuvo como objetivo general, determinar cómo la aplicación del método PHVA mejora la productividad en los procesos de producción en la empresa de Inyección de plásticos. En tal sentido, para detectar los problemas que venía reflejando la productividad, se realizó un análisis a través del Diagrama de Iskinawa. Para poder darle respuesta a lo señalado, se planteó un diseño de investigación preexperimental, con un enfoque cuantitativo. La población de este estudio estuvo conformada por la recopilación de 90 datos de productividad en un período de cuatro meses. La muestra se seleccionó a través del muestreo no probabilístico aleatorio simple, que al aplicar la formula dio como resultado 17.71 datos. Para la recolección de los datos se efectuó la observación de instrumentos como el Check List, hojas de partes y registro de producción diario. Una vez aplicada la metodología PHVA, se obtuvo como resultado que la productividad si mejoró con la implementación de este método. En tal sentido se recomendó a la empresa que, es necesario que continúe con programas de capacitación continua al personal, para garantizar el cumplimiento de compromisos con los clientes, mejorar la rentabilidad de la misma

Plan estratégico para el distrito del Cercado De Lima

El distrito del Cercado de Lima tiene como principal ventaja la ubicación estratégica que mantiene al ser el eje central de Lima, pues es el paso obligado para aquellas personas que viajan desde o hacia la Sierra central; por otro lado, posee una gran riqueza cultural debido al crisol de costumbres de los inmigrantes que ahí habitan; asimismo, cuenta con importantes centros arqueológicos dentro de sus límites geográficos. Actualmente, el Perú se encuentra en un sostenido crecimiento de productividad y, en promedio, sus habitantes han mejorado su capacidad adquisitiva. Este es un elemento que puede ser aprovechado por el distrito, toda vez que el mismo es conocido por su carácter industrial y comercial. Todos los factores señalados convierten al Cercado de Lima en un distrito con gran potencial para lograr un alto nivel competitivo. Sin embargo, actualmente, no se han sabido aprovechar los mismos y la Municipalidad no cuenta con una visión clara de hacia dónde debe dirigir el distrito a largo plazo. No obstante, es necesario resaltar que existe, entre los líderes, la intención de realizar acciones que beneficien al distrito, lo que ha sido percibido por los pobladores de acuerdo con las últimas encuestas realizadas. Las estrategias propuestas en el presente plan estratégico están sostenidas en cuatro pilares. El más importante es la formalización del comercio del distrito y el bienestar de sus habitantes, así como el respeto por el medio ambiente, el crecimiento económico y desarrollo cultural y turístico. Por otro lado, la organización de los distintos agentes económicos puede generar algunos de los clústers identificados, lo que conllevaría un incremento en el nivel competitivo del Cercado de Lima.The main advantage of the Cercado de Lima District is its strategic location that makes it the central axis of Lima, being a must to those traveling to or from the central region of the country; it owns, on the other hand, a huge cultural richness due to customs crucible provided by the diversity of the immigrants that live there; it also has important archeological centers. Peru is currently in a sustained increase in productivity, which had lead to an improvement of the purchasing power of the citizens, this is an element that can be used by the district due to its recognition by its industrial and commercial character. All those factors make Cercado de Lima a district with a potential to gain a high competitive level; however, the administrations haven’t been capable to take advantage of them and the local government doesn’t have a clear vision of where the city must be in the long term. However, it should be emphasized that there is between leaders the intention to take actions that benefit de district, which has been perceived by the citizen, as can be seen in the surveys. The strategies that are proposed in this strategic plan are supported in four pillars, being the most important the formalization of the trade and its inhabitants’ welfare; and also the respect for the environment, economic growth, and cultural and touristic development. By the other hand, the organization of the various economic agents can generate the development of some of the identified clusters, wich would lead to the improvement of the district’s competitive level.Tesi

Diseño de una aplicación móvil Android, para la consulta de la disponibilidad de zonas de parqueo y el registro del ingreso vehicular de visitantes al Campus Sur de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, aplicando programación con paralelismo

El presente artículo académico consiste en el diseño de una aplicación móvil mediante el marco de referencia Flutter usando lenguaje de código abierto Dart, un estilo de arquitectura de transferencia de estado representacional API REST que permite a las aplicaciones acceder a un recurso de nuestra aplicación o servicio a través de una petición HTTP para la manipulación de las solicitudes: GET devuelve la consulta de espacios disponibles de parqueaderos y POST el registro de los visitantes al campus de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Campus Sur en formato JSON. Se emplea el método de paralelismo para que las tareas se ejecuten simultáneamente ya que con eso se espera reducir el tiempo de respuesta a 0.10 minutos.This academic article consists of the design of a mobile application using the Flutter reference framework using the open-source language Dart, an API REST representational state transfer architecture style that allows the application to access a resource of our application or service. through an HTTP request for the handling of requests: GET returns the query of available parking spaces and POST the registration of visitors to the campus of the Salesian Polytechnic University South Campus in JSON format. The parallelism method is used so that the tasks are executed simultaneously, since this is expected to reduce the response time to 0.10 minutes

Genotypic effects of APOE-epsilon 4 on resting-state connectivity in cognitively intact individuals support functional brain compensation

The investigation of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in asymptomatic individuals at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) enables discovering the earliest brain alterations in preclinical stages of the disease. The APOE-ε4 variant is the major genetic risk factor for AD, and previous studies have reported rsFC abnormalities in carriers of the ε4 allele. Yet, no study has assessed APOE-ε4 gene-dose effects on rsFC measures, and only a few studies included measures of cognitive performance to aid a clinical interpretation. We assessed the impact of APOE-ε4 on rsFC in a sample of 429 cognitively unimpaired individuals hosting a high number of ε4 homozygotes (n = 58), which enabled testing different models of genetic penetrance. We used independent component analysis and found a reduced rsFC as a function of the APOE-ε4 allelic load in the temporal default-mode and the medial temporal networks, while recessive effects were found in the extrastriate and limbic networks. Some of these results were replicated in a subsample with negative amyloid markers. Interaction with cognitive data suggests that such a network reorganization may support cognitive performance in the ε4-homozygotes. Our data indicate that APOE-ε4 shapes the functional architecture of the resting brain and favor the idea of a network-based functional compensation

Brain alterations in the early Alzheimer's continuum with amyloid-β, tau, glial and neurodegeneration CSF markers

Higher grey matter volumes/cortical thickness and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake have been consistently found in cognitively unimpaired individuals with abnormal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers compared with those with normal biomarkers. It has been hypothesized that such transient increases may be associated with neuroinflammatory mechanisms triggered in response to early Alzheimer's pathology. Here, we evaluated, in the earliest stages of the Alzheimer's continuum, associations between grey matter volume and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake with CSF biomarkers of several pathophysiological mechanisms known to be altered in preclinical Alzheimer's disease stages. We included 319 cognitively unimpaired participants from the ALFA+ cohort with available structural MRI, fluorodeoxyglucose PET and CSF biomarkers of amyloid-β and tau pathology (phosphorylated tau and total tau), synaptic dysfunction (neurogranin), neuronal and axonal injury (neurofilament light), glial activation (soluble triggering receptor on myeloid cells 2, YKL40, GFAP, interleukin-6 and S100b) and α-synuclein using the Roche NeuroToolKit. We first used the amyloid-β/tau framework to investigate differences in the neuroimaging biomarkers between preclinical Alzheimer's disease stages. Then, we looked for associations between the neuroimaging markers and all the CSF markers. Given the non-negative nature of the concentrations of CSF biomarkers and their high collinearity, we clustered them using non-negative matrix factorization approach (components) and sought associations with the imaging markers. By groups, higher grey matter volumes were found in the amyloid-β-positive tau-negative participants with respect to the reference amyloid-β-negative tau-negative group. Both amyloid-β and tau-positive participants showed higher fluorodeoxyglucose uptake than tau-negative individuals. Using the obtained components, we observed that tau pathology accompanied by YKL-40 (astrocytic marker) was associated with higher grey matter volumes and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in extensive brain areas. Higher grey matter volumes in key Alzheimer-related regions were also found in association with two other components characterized by a higher expression of amyloid-β in combination with different glial markers: one with higher GFAP and S100b levels (astrocytic markers) and the other one with interleukin-6 (pro-inflammatory). Notably, these components' expression had different behaviours across amyloid-β/tau stages. Taken together, our results show that CSF amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau, in combination with different aspects of glial response, have distinctive associations with higher grey matter volumes and increased glucose metabolism in key Alzheimer-related regions. These mechanisms combine to produce transient higher grey matter volumes and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at the earliest stages of the Alzheimer's continuum, which may revert later on the course of the disease when neurodegeneration drives structural and metabolic cerebral changes

Heavy Alcohol Exposure Activates Astroglial Hemichannels and Pannexons in the Hippocampus of Adolescent Rats: Effects on Neuroinflammation and Astrocyte Arborization

A mounting body of evidence indicates that adolescents are specially more susceptible to alcohol influence than adults. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Astrocyte-mediated gliotransmission is crucial for hippocampal plasticity and recently, the opening of hemichannels and pannexons has been found to participate in both processes. Here, we evaluated whether adolescent rats exposed to ethanol exhibit changes in the activity of astrocyte hemichannels and pannexons in the hippocampus, as well as alterations in astrocyte arborization and cytokine levels. Adolescent rats were subjected to ethanol (3.0 g/kg) for two successive days at 48-h periods over 14 days. The opening of hemichannels and pannexons was examined in hippocampal slices by dye uptake, whereas hippocampal cytokine levels and astroglial arborization were determined by ELISA and Sholl analysis, respectively. We found that adolescent ethanol exposure increased the opening of connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels and pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels in astrocytes. Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenases (COXs), as well as chelation of intracellular Ca2+, drastically reduced the ethanol-induced channel opening in astrocytes. Importantly, ethanol-induced Cx43 hemichannel and Panx1 channel activity was correlated with increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 in the hippocampus, as well as with profound alterations in astrocyte arbor complexity. Thus, we propose that uncontrolled opening of astrocyte hemichannels and pannexons may contribute not only to the glial dysfunction and neurotoxicity caused by adolescent alcohol consumption, but also to the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorders in the adulthood

Genetically predicted telomere length and Alzheimer’s disease endophenotypes: a Mendelian randomization study

Telomere length (TL) is associated with biological aging, consequently influencing the risk of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to evaluate the potential causal role of TL in AD endophenotypes (i.e., cognitive performance, N = 2233; brain age and AD-related signatures, N = 1134; and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (CSF) of AD and neurodegeneration, N = 304) through a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Our analysis was conducted in the context of the ALFA (ALzheimer and FAmilies) study, a population of cognitively healthy individuals at risk of AD. A total of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with TL were used to determine the effect of TL on AD endophenotypes. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and years of education. Stratified analyses by APOE-epsilon 4 status and polygenic risk score of AD were conducted. MR analysis revealed significant associations between genetically predicted longer TL and lower levels of CSF A beta and higher levels of CSF NfL only in APOE-epsilon 4 non-carriers. Moreover, inheriting longer TL was associated with greater cortical thickness in age and AD-related brain signatures and lower levels of CSF p-tau among individuals at a high genetic predisposition to AD. Further observational analyses are warranted to better understand these associations

Job satisfaction and self-efficacy in workers from the Lima Metropolitan Area during the state of emergency

La presente investigación se realizó con la finalidad de determinar la relación entre la satisfacción laboral y la autoeficacia de trabajadores de Lima Metropolitana durante el estado de emergencia. Para ello se analizó una muestra de 158 personas, 75 varones (47%) y 83 mujeres (53%), entre 20 y 50 años, con una media de edad de 34 años, las cuales durante el periodo de estudio ejercían sus labores bajo la modalidad de teletrabajo y ocupaban cargos administrativos dentro de empresas de servicio. El estudio es de tipo no experimental, con un diseño de carácter correlacional simple, cuantitativo y transversal. Para la evaluación se utilizó el cuestionario de satisfacción laboral s20/30 y la escala de autoeficacia general. Los resultados demostraron que ambas variables se relacionan de manera positiva y estadísticamente significativa (r= .56, p< .001). También se comprueba que las 5 dimensiones de la satisfacción laboral se relacionan de manera positiva y estadísticamente significativa con la autoeficacia: la satisfacción con la supervisión (r= .49, p< .001), satisfacción con el ambiente de físico (r= .44, p< .001), satisfacción con las prestaciones recibidas (r= .35, p< .001), satisfacción intrínseca (r= .52, p< .001) y satisfacción con la participación (r= .52, p< .001). Finalmente, a partir de los resultados obtenidos, se recomienda a las empresas incluir los niveles de autoeficacia de los trabajadores en sus evaluaciones sobre satisfacción laboralThe present investigation was carried out with the purpose of determining the relationship between job satisfaction and self-efficacy in workers of Metropolitan Lima during the state of emergency. For this, a sample of 158 people was analyzed, 75 men (47%) and 83 women (53%), between 20 and 50 years old, with an average age of 34, whom during the study period carried out their work under the teleworking modality and held administrative positions within service companies. The study is of a non-experimental type, with a simple, quantitative, and cross-sectional correlational design. For the evaluation, the s20/30 job satisfaction questionnaire and the general self-efficacy scale were used. The results showed that both variables are positively and statistically significantly related (r= .56, p< .001). Also, it’s been found that the 5 dimensions of job satisfaction are positively and statistically significantly related to self-efficacy: satisfaction with supervision (r= .49, p< .001), satisfaction with the physical environment (r= .44, p< .001), satisfaction with the services received (r= .35, p< .001), intrinsic satisfaction (r= .52, p< .001) and satisfaction with participation (r= .52 , p< .001). Finally, based on the results obtained, it is recommended that companies include the levels of self-efficacy of workers in their evaluations of job satisfaction.Tesi