Diabetes, eating disorders and body image in young adults: an exploratory study about “diabulimia”

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare disordered eating (DE) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) among young adults with type 1 diabetes and their peers without diabetes, to investigate the consequences of diabetes for food, body image and weight in individuals with diabetes and to identify the behavior of insulin omission as a weight loss strategy. Methods: Fifty-five young adults with diabetes and 73 without diabetes (ages 18–30) completed self-report questionnaires to evaluate their behaviors, attitudes and feelings related to eating disorders and their perceptions about body image. The participants with diabetes were asked to answer a questionnaire with open and closed questions developed specifically for this study. Results: No significant differences between participants with and without diabetes in relation to BID and DE were found. The results demonstrated several changes resulting from diabetes in terms of food, body image and weight that interfere with the day-to-day life of individuals with diabetes; 7.3% of these participants reported insulin omission as a weight loss strategy. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of research on DE in the population with diabetes and their prevention, screening and treatment. In particular, it is essential to give more attention to insulin omission as a compensatory behavior that is inappropriate and harmful to health. Level of evidence: Level III, case-control analytic study.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Women in international careers : at the crossroads of barriers, challenges and opportunities

This article seeks to expand the knowledge available on the motivations, constraints, opportunities and experiences of women occupying international managerial positions, either as expatriates or in autonomous professional projects. A qualitative methodology was adopted. A total of 20 in-depth interviews were conducted with women in international careers. Family-related factors are the most common barriers to women taking advantage of opportunities and experiences abroad. Inspired by an earlier article (Mathur-Helm, 2002), women’s international managerial experiences are represented here as standing at a crossroads, at the point of intersection of different, challenges and opportunities. The decision to move abroad and the mobility process are experienced as a complex and ambivalent path: a crossroads where both positive and negative paths intersect with each other and a labyrinth where pleasures derived from work, self-fulfilment, work-family conflicts and personal pain are closely intertwined in their experiences.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neurodegeneration, cell signaling and neuroreparative strategies

Funding Information: This work was partly supported by the grant UID/DTP/04138/2019-21 (iMed.ULisboa) as well as La Caixa Foundation and -Luzón Foundation through project HR21-00931. VP acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science through the Ramón y Cajal grant RYC2019-027489-I.publishersversionpublishe

Neurodegeneration, cell signaling and neuroreparative strategies, Volume II

Funding Information: This work was partly supported by the grant UID/DTP/04138/2019-22 (iMed.ULisboa) as well as La Caixa Foundation and Francisco Luzón Foundation through project HR21-00931. VP acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science through the Ramón y Cajal grant RYC2019-027489-I.publishersversionpublishe

Estágio Profissional: A aventura e crescimento de uma Professora Estagiária"

Realizados os quatro anos de formação académica, realiza-se o estágio profissional, que se insere no plano de estudos do 2º ano do Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário da Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, onde permitiu transmitir o conhecimento académico até aqui adquirido no terreno da prática, isto é experimentar o "choque com a realidade", que se baseia num conjunto de surpresas relativamente ao imaginado acerca da profissão (Batista et al., 2012). O presente relatório foi realizado sobe a orientação do Professor Orientador, apresentando o processo de evolução da professora estagiária, realizado durante todo o ano letivo, e as suas reflexões críticas das aprendizagens e experiências vividas. O relatório encontra-se dividido em 5 capítulos. Sendo que no primeiro encontra-se a "Introdução", que realiza um breve enquadramento do Estágio Profissional, bem como a estruturação do mesmo. O segundo "Enquadramento Pessoal" reporta-se à história de vida, às vivências que influenciaram esta escolha profissional e às expectativas iniciais do estudante-estagiário. O terceiro "Enquadramento Institucional" retrata o estágio profissional a nível institucional, legal e funcional, oferecendo ainda uma análise do contexto onde decorreu a prática da estudante-estagiária e a legitimação da Educação Física. O quarto capítulo, "Realização da Prática Profissional", compreende a reflexão sobre as três áreas de desempenho do professor. De destacar que na área 3, está inserido o estudo de investigação-ação, sobre perceber qual a diferença do MED na Unidade de curta duração (Basquetebol) e na Unidade de longa duração (Andebol) em relação à atividade dos alunos e ao seu contexto de aula. Por fim o quinto capítulo, "Conclusões e Perspetivas para o Futuro", apresenta um balanço final do ano de estágio, com todas as aprendizagens e transformações conseguidas e, ainda, ambições para o futuro. O estágio tornou-se, sem dúvida, um espaço enriquecedor e de partilha de conhecimentos entre professora-alunos e vice-versa.After completing the four years of academic training, the professional internship takes place, which is part of the study plan of the 2nd year of the Master's Degree in Physical Education Teaching in the Basic and Secondary School of the Faculty of Sports of the University of Porto, where it allowed to transmit the academic knowledge hitherto acquired in the field of practice, that is, to experience the "shock with reality", which is based on a set of surprises in relation to the imagined about the profession (Batista et al., 2012). This report was conducted under the guidance of the Advisor Teacher, presenting the process of evolution of the trainee teacher, carried out throughout the school year, and her critical reflections of learning and lived experiences. The report is divided into 5 chapters. Since the first one is the "Introduction", which makes a brief framing of the Professional Internship, as well as its structuring. The second "Personal Background" refers to the life story, the experiences that influenced this career choice, and the student-trainee's initial expectations. The third "Institutional Framework" portrays the professional internship at the institutional, legal and functional level, and also offers an analysis of the context in which the student-student practice and the legitimation of Physical Education took place. The fourth chapter, "Realization of Professional Practice", comprises the reflection on the three areas of teacher performance. It should be noted that in area 3, there is the action research study, on understanding what is the difference between the MED in the Short Term Unit (Basketball) and the Long Term Unit (Handball) in relation to the students' activity and its context. of class. Finally, the fifth chapter, "Conclusions and Prospects for the Future", presents a final balance of the internship year, with all the learning and transformations achieved, as well as ambitions for the future. The internship has undoubtedly become an enriching and knowledge-sharing space between teacher-students and student-teachers.KEYWORDS: SPOR

Microglia Susceptibility to Free Bilirubin Is Age-Dependent

Funding: This work was supported by National Funds (Fundacão para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia—UID/DTP/04138/2015-2019) to iMed.ULisboa. AF had a post-doctoral research position (C2007-FFUL/UBMBE/02/ 2011) and AV a post-doc fellowship (SFRH/BPD/76590/2011), both granted by FCT. CS and ES were Master students from University of Bologna who developed their thesis at Universidade de Lisboa, with fellowships from Erasmus+ Programme. We thank Professor Stefano Girotti from the University of Bologna for establishing such collaborative Program and for the local supervision of the students. The funding organization had no role in data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscripIncreased concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), namely its free fraction (Bf), in neonatal life may cause transient or definitive injury to neurons and glial cells. We demonstrated that UCB damages neurons and glial cells by compromising oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, and by activating astrocytes and microglia. Immature neurons and astrocytes showed to be especially vulnerable. However, whether microglia susceptibility to UCB is also age-related was never investigated. We developed a microglia culture model in which cells at 2 days in vitro (2DIV) revealed to behave as the neonatal microglia (amoeboid/reactive cells), in contrast with those at 16DIV microglia that performed as aged cells (irresponsive/dormant cells). Here, we aimed to unveil whether UCB-induced toxicity diverged from the young to the long-cultured microglia. Cells were isolated from the cortical brain of 1- to 2-day-old CD1 mice and incubated for 24 h with 50/100 nM Bf levels, which were associated to moderate and severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, respectively. These concentrations of Bf induced early apoptosis and amoeboid shape in 2DIV microglia, while caused late apoptosis in 16DIV cells, without altering their morphology. CD11b staining increased in both, but more markedly in 2DIV cells. Likewise, the gene expression of HMGB1, a well-known alarmin, as well as HMGB1 and GLT-1–positive cells, were enhanced as compared to long-maturated microglia. The CX3CR1 reduction in 2DIV microglia was opposed to the 16DIV cells and suggests a preferential Bf-induced sickness response in younger cells. In conformity, increased mitochondrial mass and NO were enhanced in 2DIV cells, but unchanged or reduced, respectively, in the 16DIV microglia. However, 100 nM Bf caused iNOS gene overexpression in 2DIV and 16DIV cells. While only arginase 1/IL-1β gene expression levels increased upon 50/100 nM Bf treatment in long-maturated microglia, MHCII/arginase 1/TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6 (>10-fold) were upregulated in the 2DIV microglia. Remarkably, enhanced inflammatory-associated microRNAs (miR-155/miR-125b/miR-21/miR-146a) and reduced anti-inflammatory miR-124 were found in young microglia by both Bf concentrations, while remained unchanged (miR/21/miR-125b) or decreased (miR-155/miR-146a/miR-124) in aged cells. Altogether, these findings support the neurodevelopmental susceptibilities to UCB-induced neurotoxicity, the most severe disabilities in premature babies, and the involvement of immune-inflammation neonatal microglia processes in poorer outcomes.publishersversionpublishe

As mulheres perante o desafio de uma carreira internacional

Este artigo resulta de uma investigação que procurou compreender as motivações, as experiências e os desafios enfrentados pelas mulheres envolvidas em processos de mobilidade internacional, tentando simultaneamente apreender o efeito do género nas respetivas experiências. Com este intuito, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas a gestoras que, durante o seu percurso profissional, participaram em experiências internacionais. A persistência de estereótipos de género e a escassez de mulheres em posições de liderança destacam-se enquanto referências aos obstáculos enfrentados, tanto antes como durante as experiências em análise. Além disso, em alguns contextos registaram-se situações de isolamento e também de maior exposição e visibilidade. Por fim, é possível destacar a centralidade assumida pela dimensão familiar enquanto condicionante das decisões de mobilidade e do desenvolvimento de uma carreira no plano internacional.This article resulted from a study designed to understand the motivations and experiences of women involved in international mobility processes and the challenges they face, while simultaneously seeking to gauge the gender effect in their experiences. Twenty female managers with international elements in their career paths were interviewed. The persistence of gender stereotypes and the small number of women in leadership positions stand out as references among the obstacles they faced, both before and during the experiences analysed during the project. In addition, in some contexts the women found themselves both isolated and more exposed and visible. Finally, the authors note the centrality the family dimension assumes as a factor that conditions both the mobility decisions taken during a career at international level and its development.Cet article est le fruit d’une recherche menée afin de comprendre les motivations, les expériences et les difficultés des femmes impliquées dans des processus de mobilité internationale, en essayant d’appréhender en même temps l’impact du genre dans leurs expériences respectives. Dans ce but, vingt entretiens ont été menés auprès de femmes managers qui ont eu des expériences internationales au long de leur parcours professionnel. La persistance des stéréotypes de genre et le faible nombre de femmes à des postes de direction sont les principaux obstacles évoqués, aussi bien avant que pendant les expériences étudiées. Dans certains contextes, des situations d’isolement et aussi d’exposition et de visibilité accrues ont également été signalées. Enfin, il faut souligner la dimension familiale, qui est au centre des décisions de mobilité et du développement d’une carrière à internationale.Este artículo resulta de una investigación que procuró comprender las motivaciones, las experiencias y  los desafios enfrentados por las mujeres involucradas en procesos de movilidad internacional, intentando simultáneamente apropiarse del efecto de género en las respectivas experiencias. Con este propósito, fueron realizadas veinte entrevistas a administradoras que, durante  su trayecto profesional, participaron en experiencias internacionales. Predominan la persistencia de estereótipos de género y la escasez de mujeres en posiciones de liderazgo como referencias a los obstáculos enfrentados, tanto antes como durante las experiencias en análisis. Además de eso, en algunos contextos se registraron situaciones de aislamiento y también de mayor exposición y visibilidad. Finalmente, es posible destacar la importancia  central asumida por la dimensión familiar como condicionante de las decisiones de movilidad y del desarrollo de una carrera en el plan internacional

As mulheres perante o desafio de uma carreira internacional

Este artigo resulta de uma investigação que procurou compreender as motivações, as experiências e os desafios enfrentados pelas mulheres envolvidas em processos de mobilidade internacional, tentando simultaneamente apreender o efeito do género nas respetivas experiências. Com este intuito, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas a gestoras que, durante o seu percurso profissional, participaram em experiências internacionais. A persistência de estereótipos de género e a escassez de mulheres em posições de liderança destacam-se enquanto referências aos obstáculos enfrentados, tanto antes como durante as experiências em análise. Além disso, em alguns contextos registaram-se situações de isolamento e também de maior exposição e visibilidade. Por fim, é possível destacar a centralidade assumida pela dimensão familiar enquanto condicionante das decisões de mobilidade e do desenvolvimento de uma carreira no plano internacional.This article resulted from a study designed to understand the motivations and experiences of women involved in international mobility processes and the challenges they face, while simultaneously seeking to gauge the gender effect in their experiences. Twenty female managers with international elements in their career paths were interviewed. The persistence of gender stereotypes and the small number of women in leadership positions stand out as references among the obstacles they faced, both before and during the experiences analysed during the project. In addition, in some contexts the women found themselves both isolated and more exposed and visible. Finally, the authors note the centrality the family dimension assumes as a factor that conditions both the mobility decisions taken during a career at international level and its development.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Galectin-3, a prognostic marker - and a therapeutic target?

© 2014 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. Todos os direitos reservadosThe natriuretic peptides BNP and NT-proBNP are currently the most commonly used biomarkers in heart failure, but they have limitations. There is thus a need to identify new biomarkers that may prove useful, alone or in combination, for screening, diagnosis and prognosis. Galectin-3 is a protein involved in a variety of cellular signaling pathways and is found in many tissues. Its expression is low in normal hearts but elevated in fibrotic hearts. Among other effects, it promotes fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, contributing to the cardiac remodeling that is central to the development and progression of heart failure. Heart failure associated with elevated galectin-3 (>17.8 ng/ml) affects 30-50% of patients with chronic heart failure, and is a marker of worse prognosis, with higher rates of short-term rehospitalization and mortality. It is thought that galectin-3 inhibition, or even genetic disruption, may reverse or delay disease progression. Galectin-3 appears to have greater prognostic value than natriuretic peptides when assessed separately, however, when combined their prognostic value is even higher. Galectin-3, associated with BNP or NT-proBNP, may help improve the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure.Os péptidos natriuréticos BNP e NT-proBNP são atualmente os biomarcadores mais utilizados na insuficiência cardíaca, no entanto, permanecem algumas limitações. Isso justifica a necessidade de identificar novos biomarcadores que possam revelar vantagens, isoladamente ou em associação, no rastreio, diagnóstico e prognóstico. A Galectina-3 é uma proteína envolvida em diversas vias de sinalização celular. Pode ser encontrada em vários tecidos, sendo a sua expressão baixa no coração normal e elevada no coração fibrótico. Entre outros efeitos, é responsável pela proliferação de fibroblastos, promoção da síntese de colagénio, contribuindo para a remodelagem cardíaca que é determinante no desenvolvimento e progressão da insuficiência cardíaca. A insuficiência cardíaca mediada pela Galectina-3 (> 17,8 ng/mL) afeta 30-50% dos doentes com insuficiência cardíaca crónica, apresentando pior prognóstico, com maior taxa de reinternamento a curto prazo e mortalidade. Pensa-se que através da inibição da acção da Galectina-3 ou mesmo através do knock-out genético se possa reverter ou promover um atraso na progressão desta doença. Quando avaliados isoladamente, a Galectina-3 parece ter maior valor prognóstico do que os péptidos natriuréticos, no entanto, quando se combinam, o valor prognóstico é ainda superior. É possível admitir que a Galectina-3, associada ao BNP ou ao NT-proBNP, possa vir a ser considerada no futuro como uma alternativa que permita melhorar o diagnóstico e o prognóstico da insuficiência cardíaca.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio