Impak media sosial terhadap persahabatan

Fitrah manusia dalam kehidupan perlukan sahabat. Persahabatan merupakan hubungan atau ikatan kasih sayang yang terlahir di antara dua orang individu atau lebih atas pelbagai faktor. Dengan kepesatan teknologi, persahabatan bukan sahaja terjalin di dunia nyata secara fizikal malah hubungan persahabatan juga terjalin di alam maya melalui media sosial. Persahabatan secara maya mendatangkan pelbagai impak positif dan negatif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berkenaan impak media sosial terhadap persahabatan. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian ini, metode kualitatif iaitu metod penyelidikan perpustakaan dan analisa data telah digunakan. Kajian ini mendapati terdapat banyak impak negatif berbanding impak positif berkenaan penggunaan media sosial terhadap hubungan persahabatan. Antara impak positifnya ialah kesalingterhubungan, mengatasi masalah kesunyian, mengelakkan tekanan perasaan dan mengeratkan hubungan silaturrahim. Manakala impak negatifnya pula seperti menimbulkan rasa tidak puas hati, berada dalam keadaan bahaya, berpotensi kehilangan kawan yang sebenar, sukar untuk mempercayai seseorang, harapan palsu dan niat yang boleh diragui

Influence of coating thickness of polyimide for moisture sensing

This work focused on the effect of existence of polyimide coated fibre Bragg grating (FBG) for moisture sensing in stingless bee. The moisture sensitive material namely polyimide (PI) was used to improve the sensitivity of the fibre optic sensor. By taking the benefits from amine groups in 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), PI is coated onto the segment of FBG through covalent interaction. Different thickness of PI coated FBG as well as determination and optimization of the designated sensor has been done. 3 layers of polyimide coating were used to improve the sensitivity of moisture sensing, and the sensitivity of coated fibre been analysed

Influence of coating thickness of polyimide for moisture sensing

This work focused on the effect of existence of polyimide coated fibre Bragg grating (FBG) for moisture sensing in stingless bee. The moisture sensitive material namely polyimide (PI) was used to improve the sensitivity of the fibre optic sensor. By taking the benefits from amine groups in 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), PI is coated onto the segment of FBG through covalent interaction. Different thickness of PI coated FBG as well as determination and optimization of the designated sensor has been done. 3 layers of polyimide coating were used to improve the sensitivity of moisture sensing, and the sensitivity of coated fibre been analysed

Temperature sensing with Fibre Bragg Grating and No-Core Fibre

In this paper, optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and no-core fibre (NCF) sensors have been investigated for their performance in the temperature range 30–100 �C. The change in Bragg and NCF wavelengths with temperature changes was used to determine the performance and sensitivity of the sensors. The gradient of D kFBG and kNCF versus temperature leads the sensitivity of the FBG and NCF sensors as 23.97 and 20.08 pm/�C, respectivel

Ability of Ceramic Tiles Waste as a Pre-treatment for Laundry Wastewater

The discharge of laundry of laundry wastewater (LWW) into rivers contaminates the water and exposes it to harmful chemicals present in detergents and fabric softeners. This draws attention to the need to implement treatment for LWW. This study focused on determining the ability of ceramic tiles to remove total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from commercial LWW. The coarse aggregate of ceramic tile waste (CTW) was used as the adsorbent. The effectiveness of CTW as an adsorbent to remove TP and COD in LLW was determined by using different adsorbent dosages, contact times, and shaking speeds in a batch experiment. LWW samples were collected from the discharged point of commercial laundry shop. The results revealed that the highest TP removal was 71% with a dosage of 6 g/100 ml ceramic adsorbent, a contact time of 90 minutes, and a shaking speed of 100 rpm. Meanwhile, the highest removal of COD was 80% at a dosage of 6 g/100 mL of ceramic adsorbent, a contact time of 90 minutes, and a shaking speed of 300 rpm. The optimal value of removal for COD 60 mg/L and TP is 1.79 mg/L while pH value is 7.13. Thus, it can be concluded that the CTW aggregate as an adsorbent was effective in reducing TP and COD from LWW

Differentiating <it>Entamoeba histolytica</it>, <it>Entamoeba dispar</it> and <it>Entamoeba moshkovskii</it> using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia

Abstract Background In this study, a total of 426 human faecal samples were examined for the presence of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii infection via a combination of microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S ribosomal RNA of Entamoeba species. Methods Faecal sample were collected from 426 participants in five rural villages in Peninsular Malaysia. The faecal samples were processed by direct wet smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique followed by iodine staining and examined via microscopy for the presence of Entamoeba species and other intestinal parasites. Microscopically positive samples for Entamoeba species cysts were further characterized using a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) targeting 16S-like ribosomal RNA gene. The data entry and analysis was carried out using the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program for Windows version 17 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results Based on single faecal examination, overall prevalence of Entamoeba infection was 17.6% (75/426). Females (19.1%) were more commonly infected compared to males (15.9%). Comparison by age groups showed that adults (23.9%) had higher infection rates than children (15.3%). The PCR results showed that 52 out of 75 microscopy positive samples successfully generated species-specific amplicons. The infection with E. histolytica (75.0%; 39/52) was the most common, followed by E. dispar (30.8%; 18/52) and E. moshkovskii (5.8%; 3/52). Of these, 33 (63.5%) were shown to contain only E. histolytica, 10 (19.2%) contained E. dispar and 3 (5.8%) contained only E. moshkovskii. Mixed infection with E. histolytica and E. dispar was found in 6 (11.5%) samples. Conclusions The present study essentially emphasized the benefit of molecular techniques in discriminating the pathogenic Entamoeba species from the non-pathogenic for accurate diagnosis and better management of amoebiasis. The presence of E. moshkovskii is of great public health concern as it was the first time it has been reported in Malaysia.</p

Fibre Bragg Grating and no-core fibre in variation of SRI

In this work, Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) and no-core fibre (NCF) sensors been investigated in different surrounding refractive index (SRI). FBG with 1550 nm wavelength attached with 5 cm length of NCF is used as SRI sensing probe. The sensitivity of the system was evaluated in different types of solutions which are ethylene glycol (18 % EG, 40 % EG, 60 % EG, 80 % EG, 100 % EG) and glycerol at room temperature. The dependence of the FBG and NCF wavelengths shift in spectral response versus different SRI has shown a linear relationship. The sensitivities of the system were 14.02 nm/RIU and 84.10 pm/RIU for FBG and NCF respectively

Fibre Bragg grating and no-core fibre in variation of SRI

In this work, Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) and no-core fibre (NCF) sensors been investigated in different surrounding refractive index (SRI). FBG with 1550 nm wavelength attached with 5 cm length of NCF is used as SRI sensing probe. The sensitivity of the system was evaluated in different types of solutions which are ethylene glycol (18 % EG, 40 % EG, 60 % EG, 80 % EG, 100 % EG) and glycerol at room temperature. The dependence of the FBG and NCF wavelengths shift in spectral response versus different SRI has shown a linear relationship. The sensitivities of the system were 14.02 nm/RIU and 84.10 pm/RIU for FBG and NCF respectively