Detection and partial molecular characterization of Grapevine fleck virus, Grapevine virus D, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus -5 and -6 infecting grapevines in Brazil.

Nota científica

Experiencies in obtaining polymeric composites reinforced with natural fiber from Ecuador

Esta revisión presenta los reportes de las investigaciones relacionadas con el desarrollo de nuevos materiales compuestos poliméricos reforzados con fibras naturales y desechos agroindustriales provenientes del Ecuador. Se analizan las fibras vegetales con potencial para ser empleadas como reforzante en compuestos poliméricos. Se sintetizan los resultados relevantes de las diferentes investigaciones analizadas. Aspectos como el tipo de matriz, la morfología de las fibras, los tratamientos superficiales y las propiedades mecánicas son presentados.This review presents the research reports related to the development of new polymeric composites reinforced with natural fibers and agro-industrial wastes from Ecuador. Vegetable fibers with potential are analyzed to be used as reinforcement in polymeric composites. It summarizes the relevant results from the different investigations analyzed. Aspects such as the type of matrix, the fiber morphology, surface treatment and mechanical properties are presented

A SURVEY OF NEARBY MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS FOR SUBMILLIMETER EMISSION

We searched for submillimeter emission around 10 Vega-type stars and one Herbig Ae star with the four-color bolometer at 1300 μm and the 19 channel bolometer array at 870 μm using the Heinrich Hertz Telescope at the Submillimeter Telescope Observatory. All of our sources were undetected at 870 μm. In the case of HD 131156, we have a 3 σ detection at 1300 μm. We report a flux of 6.25 ± 1.88 mJy for the HD 131156 disk and a corresponding dust mass of 2.4 ± 0.7 lunar masses. However, we did not detect HD 131156 at 870 μm, so we are cautious about the 1300 μm detection. We performed follow-up infrared observations of HD 131156 using MIRLIN at the Palomar 200 inch telescope, which resolved both components of the binary. The data are photospheric, implying that the system does not have a hot, inner dust component. We report submillimeter upper limits on fluxes for the remaining systems

"La deserción: un fenómeno social". Vivencias de los estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad del Tolima

It has been recognized as an academic dropout problem that is present in all levels of schooling, and in all academic programs in both classroom and distance of the world. The statistics thrown in studies conducted by university students in Latin America show that levels drop from 49% to 73%, and those specifically in the nursing program in Colombia demonstrate higher academic levels drop to 45 %. Objective: To identify the meaning of the experience of having deserted and the factors that led to the desertion of students in nursing program at the University of Tolima. Methodology: Research was conducted with a phenomenological approach, during 2009, with the participation of eight men and six women aged between 19 and 22 years of age, who said that his desertion from the nursing program came from two main causes: the motivation for academic medicine and for reasons of economic order. The technique of data collection was the in-depth interview. Results: The description of each experience helped found between students who dropped into the medicine category such as “life project”, “take your time,” medicine “if science” and nursing “living with the disease”. Conclusion: In contrast to the results of other research in the area, for students of nursing from the University of Tolima who moved to the medical program, desertion meant to make your life plan supported by the environment family.La deserción académica se ha reconocido en el ámbito mundial como un problema presente en todos los niveles de formación escolar y en todos los programas académicos, tanto de modalidad presencial como en modalidad a distancia. Las estadísticas arrojadas por los estudios realizados en estudiantes universitarios en Latinoamérica arrojan niveles de deserción que van desde 49 % hasta el 73 %. Específicamente los estudios efectuados en los programas de enfermería en Colombia demuestran niveles de deserción académica superiores al 45 %. Objetivo: Identificar el significado de la experiencia y los factores que llevaron a la deserción en estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad del Tolima. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación con enfoque fenomenológico durante el 2009, que contó con la participación de ocho hombres y seis mujeres con edades entre 19 y 22 años de edad, quienes expresaron que su decisión de desertar del Programa de Enfermería se dio por dos causas principales: motivación por el programa académico de Medicina, y por problemas de orden económico. La técnica de recolección de la información fue la entrevista en profundidad. Resultados: La descripción de cada experiencia permitió encontrar entre los estudiantes que desertaron hacia el Programa de Medicina categorías como "proyecto de vida"; "tómese su tiempo"; medicina "si es ciencia" y enfermería es "viviendo con la enfermedad". Conclusión: En contraste con los resultados de otros trabajo de investigación realizados en el área, para los estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad del Tolima que se trasladaron al Programa de Medicina la deserción significó poder realizar sus proyectos de vida apoyados por el grupo familiar

Biological and molecular characterization of two Brazilian isolates of Apple stem grooving virus.

Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV, genus Capillovirus) is disseminated worldwide, usually causing a latent infection in most commercial apple cultivars. However, infected scions grafted onto sensitive material display reduction of yield, loss of fruit quality and tree decline. In Brazil ASGV is associated with severe phloem necrosis, xylem pitting and decline of apple trees on Maruba-kaido (Malus prunifolia cv. Ringo) rootstocks usually in a complex with other latent viruses. Two Brazilian ASGV isolates from a mixed infection causing differing reactions on apple cv. Fuji on Maruba-kaido rootstocks, i.e., normal growth vs. tree decline, have been completely sequenced. The differing intensity of symptoms they co-induced on several woody indicator species/cultivars are indicative of biological differences between the two inocula. Their nucleotide sequences are 92.2% identical and display between 79.2% and 97.1% identity with other ASGV isolates available in GenBank. The two isolates (M219-3 and M220) shared 92.3% deduced amino acid (daa) sequence identity for ORF1, 95.3% for ORF2 and 93.3% for the CP gene. A high degree of daa identity, 95.8% and 96.6%, was ob- served between the CPs of M219 ? 3 and M220, respectively, with the Brazilian isolate UV01. Potential recombination events and phy logenetic relationships to major parents were investigated in isolates M219 ? 3and M220. Keywords ASGV . Apple virus . Phylogenetic analysis . Recombinatio

Simultaneous detection of Brazilian isolates of grapevine viruses by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of real-time RT-PCR for detection of different isolates of ten important virus species that infect grapevines in Brazil: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV-1, -2, -3 and -5), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine virus B (GVB), Grapevine virus D (GVD), Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) and Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). The reactions consisted of individual (simplex) and simultaneous (duplex) virus detections. Thirty six grapevine accessions, regenerated after thermotherapy and tissue culture treatments, have been analysed. All the above-mentioned viruses were sensitively detected in simplex reactions in samples infected with different virus isolates. Specifically to GLRaV-1 it was necessary to mix reagents refered by different sources to achieve the amplification. GVA, GRSPaV, GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-3 combined with GVB, GFLV, GFkV, GVD and GLRaV-5 were accurately detected in duplex trials. It was shown, that real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan) is able to efficiently detect different local virus species and isolates.Comunicação científica

"La deserción: un fenómeno social". Vivencias de los estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad del Tolima

It has been recognized as an academic dropout problem that is present in all levels of schooling, and in all academic programs in both classroom and distance of the world. The statistics thrown in studies conducted by university students in Latin America show that levels drop from 49% to 73%, and those specifically in the nursing program in Colombia demonstrate higher academic levels drop to 45 %. Objective: To identify the meaning of the experience of having deserted and the factors that led to the desertion of students in nursing program at the University of Tolima. Methodology: Research was conducted with a phenomenological approach, during 2009, with the participation of eight men and six women aged between 19 and 22 years of age, who said that his desertion from the nursing program came from two main causes: the motivation for academic medicine and for reasons of economic order. The technique of data collection was the in-depth interview. Results: The description of each experience helped found between students who dropped into the medicine category such as “life project”, “take your time,” medicine “if science” and nursing “living with the disease”. Conclusion: In contrast to the results of other research in the area, for students of nursing from the University of Tolima who moved to the medical program, desertion meant to make your life plan supported by the environment family.La deserción académica se ha reconocido en el ámbito mundial como un problema presente en todos los niveles de formación escolar y en todos los programas académicos, tanto de modalidad presencial como en modalidad a distancia. Las estadísticas arrojadas por los estudios realizados en estudiantes universitarios en Latinoamérica arrojan niveles de deserción que van desde 49 % hasta el 73 %. Específicamente los estudios efectuados en los programas de enfermería en Colombia demuestran niveles de deserción académica superiores al 45 %. Objetivo: Identificar el significado de la experiencia y los factores que llevaron a la deserción en estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad del Tolima. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación con enfoque fenomenológico durante el 2009, que contó con la participación de ocho hombres y seis mujeres con edades entre 19 y 22 años de edad, quienes expresaron que su decisión de desertar del Programa de Enfermería se dio por dos causas principales: motivación por el programa académico de Medicina, y por problemas de orden económico. La técnica de recolección de la información fue la entrevista en profundidad. Resultados: La descripción de cada experiencia permitió encontrar entre los estudiantes que desertaron hacia el Programa de Medicina categorías como "proyecto de vida"; "tómese su tiempo"; medicina "si es ciencia" y enfermería es "viviendo con la enfermedad". Conclusión: En contraste con los resultados de otros trabajo de investigación realizados en el área, para los estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería de la Universidad del Tolima que se trasladaron al Programa de Medicina la deserción significó poder realizar sus proyectos de vida apoyados por el grupo familiar