PENGOLAHAN AMMONIUM NITROGEN DARI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PUPUK UREA DAN BITTERN SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK PUPUK STRUVITE

Industri pupuk menghasilkan limbah cair yang mengandung kadar amonium (NH4+) yang tinggi sehingga akan sangat berbahaya bila limbah ini dibuang secara langsung ke perairan karena akan langsung merusak ekosistem perairan. Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif tersebut, perlu adanya recoveriy atau pengurangan kadar amonium dalam limbah. Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) memiliki karakteristik yang slow release, artinya pupuk dapat melepas secara lambat senyawa yang diperlukan tanaman. Limbah garam (bittern) adalah pereaksi yang merupakan sumber Mg2+ pada produksi struvite. Untuk menurunkan biaya produksi sedapat mungkin digunakan limbah sebagai pereaksi untuk menghasilkan produk tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menurunkan konsentrasi limbah cair industri pupuk urea dengan pembuatan struvite. Pembentukan kristal struvite  dengan variabel tetap yaitu pH 9 dan variabel bebas yaitu perbandingan reaktan Mg:PO4. Hasil penelitian dari perbandingan molar Mg:NH4+:PO4 1:1:1 penurunan NH4+ maksimum adalah 132.5 mg/L. Penurunan konsentrasi  NH4+ meningkat pada molar reaktan Mg2+ yang lebih besar yaitu pada rasio molar Mg:PO4 1,2:1 mencapai penurunan konsentrasi optimum 75 mg/L. Produk struvite yang dihasilkan juga diperoleh pada molar reaktan pada Mg:PO4 1,2:1 yaitu 11.4 gr. Produk pupuk struvite dianalisa menggunakan XRD

VOLATILITY SPILLOVERS AND LEVERAGE EFFECT FROM THE MAIN GLOBAL STOCK MARKET TOWARD INDONESIA STOCK MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM PERIOD BEFORE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study aims to investigate the volatility spillovers and leverage effect from the main global stock markets toward Indonesia stock market before COVID-19 pandemic and during COVID-19 pandemic. The data retrieved from the stock index of each country in the period 2017-2021.The analytical method used is the Exponential GARCH (EGARCH). This study found that there are volatility spillovers from each of the foreign stock markets, namely the USA, Japan, and Singapore but there is no leverage effect in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic except Hong Kong stock market who have volatility spillovers and leverage effect to Indonesia stock market. Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were volatility spillovers from each foreign stock market, namely the USA, Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore and there was also a leverage effect

Petrophysics based Reservoir Evaluation of the Cretaceous Lower Goru “C” Sands, Middle Indus Basin, Sindh, Pakistan

This study demonstrates the reservoir investigation of the Cretaceous Lower Goru “C” sand interval using exploratory well data from the middle Indus basin of Sindh. The petrophysical parameters including volume of shale, effective porosity, and water saturation of the investigated reservoir interval were calculated. The shale volume calculation results in 30–35% of non-clean (shale) lithology, which is high as compared to Sawan-01 and Sawan-08 wells. The effective porosity ranges from 12–16%, while the average value of water saturation in the complete interval of “C” sand falls in the range of 50–60%. However, certain zones with relatively lower water saturation values of around 30-50% are also observed. These zones are considered better pay zones in comparison to the other intervals. A “gas effect” phenomenon observed on cross plots represents the area of neutron-density cross-over indicating the presence of lighter hydrocarbons in this reservoir zone interva

A comprehensive review on role of phytochemicals in human health

Phytochemicals are plant extracts that are widely used due to their ability to provide health benefits and their therapeutic activity against several disorders. They are also called phytonutrients as they are not really the part of our diet but have several positive effects on ourhealth. They are found to decrease the risk factor of cardiovascular disorders and coronary heart disorders. It has also been found that phytochemicals diminish the risk ratio of several types of cancers including breast, colon and skin cancers. This article revolves around taking carotenoids, chlorophyll and fibers as examples of phytonutrients to evaluate their beneficial role in several diseases. These phytochemicals have been found to be associated with antioxidant activity, retinol activity, cell signaling, improvement of glycemic control, protection against high blood pressure, facilitation in defecation and anti-cancerous activity

Comparison of Caralluma tuberculata with Metformin for Anti-Diabetic Activity: An Animal Study

Background: Caralluma tuberculata, is a wild herb, which grows in the hills of Balochistan and has been known to have medicinal and nutritional properties since antiquity. This experimental research was designed to study the hypoglycemic properties of Caralluma tuberculata and to compare them with Metformin.Material and Methods: This was a laboratory-based animal experimental study. It was conducted in the Pharmacology laboratory of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar from February 2016 to August 2016. Two types of extracts of Caralluma tuberculata [crude extract and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) extract] were prepared and administered to normal and alloxan treated diabetic rabbits. To study anti-diabetic activity, eighty-four rabbits were divided into two main groups. Group I (Normal/Non-Diabetic Rabbits; n= 21) and Group II (Diabetic/Alloxanized Rabbits; n=63). Each group was further divided into sub-groups (7 rabbits in each). Effect of Caralluma tuberculata, Metformin and 2% gum tragacanth on blood glucose levels were checked at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of drug administration. The extracts were given in capsule form and in cooking oil. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. For calculation and comparison of the hypoglycemic effects at various doses and different time intervals, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test were applied.Results: The crude extract, 200mg/kg body weight of Caralluma tuberculata showed significant decrease (p<0.001) in mean blood glucose levels from 2-hour till12 hours. Whereas, highly significant reduction of blood glucose was seen from 2 hours after treatment till 24 hours, when carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) fraction of Caralluma (100mg/kg body weight) in capsule form was administered. Metformin 500mg/kg body weight was given to compare its effects with plant crude extract and it was found that metformin appeared to be less effective in comparison with Caralluma tuberculata.Conclusion: Caralluma tuberculata lowered the blood glucose level and turned out to be more significant in developing hypoglycemia when taken with cooking oil. More work is essential to provide stronger evidence for the use of this natural agent in the management of Diabetes Mellites

Studi Kecepatan Aliran Air dengan Menggunakan Tabung Pitot

The tools and methods used in the measurement of water flow velocity are now very diverse, such as by using Venturi Meter, Orifice, Current Meter, Pitot Tube, and so forth. To learn more about water flow velocity measurement method, in order to improve professionalism in the field of water resources can be done research at Hydraulics Laboratory by researching Water Flow Analysis by Using Pitot Tubes. The research process will be carried out using three varied channel basis samples: reviewing the velocity of the water flow at the bottom of the channel with slippery base, reviewing the flow rate of the water on the gravel base channel, and reviewing the flow rate of the water on the channel with the decking concrete base. The expected result of this research is knowing the distribution of velocity in a cross section such as drainage channel, irrigation channel and river, so construction of water structure can be adjusted position placement in the open channel section. In addition it can be used as a reference in planning an open channel. One of the benefits to construction cofferdam construction speed distribution is to determine the dewatering system to be carried out during construction.Keywords— Flow Speed, Speed Distribution. Channel Basic Variation

Tinjauan Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Saluran Sekunder Taroang Daerah Irigasi Kelara

The purpose of the research is the determinationof Irrigation water requirement based on primer datas collectingand analysis factors of land preparation, plant growth,determination of water loss due to percolation. Irrigation waterrequirement depends from various factors in the preparation ofthe land, plant growth, determination of water loss due topercolation, the determination of the replacement of water andrain layer effectively. The availability of irrigation water iscalculated based on discharge data retrieval on the TaroangSecondary channel. which then processed to obtain the finalresult of the availability of water in the channel. Results of thestudy shown that needs water to irrigate an area of secondarychannels Taroang covering an area of 2,140 Ha as much 39.11m3/s. While the availability of water that goes into the secondarychannel taroang where discharge a minimum of 0.12 m3/s and themaximum discharge of 0.31 m3/s

Meningkatkan Potensi Diri Masyarakat Melalui Program Unggulan Bidang Pendidikan, Sosial, Agama dan Kesehatan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Air Merah

KKN adalah Kuliah Kerja Nyata yang berarti wujud dari sebuah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dimana mahasiswa harus mengabdikan diri dengan sepenuh hati dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan di lingkungan masyarakat yang ditentukan oleh pihak universitas pada daerah dan waktu tertentu serta pengelompokan yang ditentukan oleh pihak LP2M, manfaatnya yaitu untuk memperkenalkan aspek-aspek pendidikan, sosial, agama dan kesehatan. Dengan adanya KKN yang bertema Kembali Ke Desa, Benahi Desa, Perspektif beragama Dan Wahdatul Ulum. Dengan demikian diharapkan kepada mahasiswa agar mampu mengoptimalisasikan sebuah bentuk dari keluarga dalam menciptakan karakter Mahasiswa menjadi keluarga yang mampu menciptakan kekeluargaan yang sejahtera. Dan tentunya mampu menghadapi masalah yang terjadi pada masa krisis serta bersifat mandiri serta mampu berpikir kritis dalam menghadapi tantangan dalam kehidupan yang lebih nyata. Sebuah program yang berhasil dilaksanakan diantaranya pada program pendidikan seperti halnya kegiatan bimbingan belajar, pengenalan IT kepada anak SMP, dan pojok baca pada anak SD. Pada bidang sosial yaitu menjalankan program gorong royong, pembagian sembako kepada masyarakat yang kurang mampu. Pada bidang kesehatan melakukan sosialisasi proses dan pentingnya vaksinasi, Posyandu lansia, serta bagi bagi masker pada Masyarakat desa Air Merah. Pada bidang agama yaitu wirid, takziah, seminar moderasi beragama dan belajar mengaji. Serta sukses dalam bidang keagamaan dan keislaman yang dituangkan dalam GEBER SUBUH (Gerakan Berjamaah Subuh) serta tausiah agama. Adapun kendala yang paling utama yang terjadi yaitu masih ada masyarakat yang tidak turut berpartisipasi