Konstruksi Hukum Perdagangan Pengaruh (Trading in Influence) dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bentuk formulasi hukum perdagangan pengaruh (trading influence) sebagai tindak pidana korupsi di masa mendatang (ius constituendum). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute), pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya pengaturan perihal Trading in Influence ini sangat dilematis, mengingat belum ada ketentuan pemidanaan dalam hukum nasional terkait perbuatan Trading in Influence. Di sisi lain guna menjunjung tinggi asas legalitas, maka kepastian hukum dalam suatu negara adalah adanya ketegasan tentang berlakunya suatu aturan hukum (Lex-Certa). Namun sembari menunggu revisi Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, tindakan yang memenuhi rumusan Trading in Influence ini tidak dapat luput begitu saja dari pemidanaan. Ketentuan pasal penyalahgunaan wewenang, suap-menyuap maupun gratifikasi membuka peluang bagi para penegak hukum untuk menjerat pelaku Trading in Influence. Sebab, hanya perlu dibuktikan bahwa penerima Trading in Influence memang merupakan penyelenggara negara atau yang memiliki suatu wewenang orang yang telah menerima uang serta janji, dan yang menurut pemberi uang tersebut. Selain itu, Penegak Hukum dapat menjadikan Trading in Influence sebagai modus operandi dalam perbuatan korupsi

Medical Images Encryption Based on Adaptive-Robust Multi-Mode Synchronization of Chen Hyper-Chaotic Systems

In this paper, a novel medical image encryption method based on multi-mode synchronization of hyper-chaotic systems is presented. The synchronization of hyper-chaotic systems is of great significance in secure communication tasks such as encryption of images. Multi-mode synchronization is a novel and highly complex issue, especially if there is uncertainty and disturbance. In this work, an adaptive-robust controller is designed for multimode synchronized chaotic systems with variable and unknown parameters, despite the bounded disturbance and uncertainty with a known function in two modes. In the first case, it is a main system with some response systems, and in the second case, it is a circular synchronization. Using theorems it is proved that the two synchronization methods are equivalent. Our results show that, we are able to obtain the convergence of synchronization error and parameter estimation error to zero using Lyapunov’s method. The new laws to update time-varying parameters, estimating disturbance and uncertainty bounds are proposed such that stability of system is guaranteed. To assess the performance of the proposed synchronization method, various statistical analyzes were carried out on the encrypted medical images and standard benchmark images. The results show effective performance of the proposed synchronization technique in the medical images encryption for telemedicine application.MINECO/ FEDER under the RTI2018-098913-B100 CV20-45250 and A-TIC- 080-UGR18 project

PENGARUH PELAYANAN, BAGI HASIL DAN PRODUK TABUNGAN MUDHARABAH TERHADAP MINAT NASABAH MENABUNG DI BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI CABANG JELUTUNG KOTA JAMBI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pelayanan, Bagi Hasil, dan Produk Tabungan Mudharabah secara parsial dan secara simultan terhadap Minat Nasabah Menabung di Bank Syariah Mandiri Cab.Jelutung Kota Jambi. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Uji Asumsi Klasik Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda, Uji T, Uji F dan Analisis Koefisien Determinasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan persamaan regresi linear berganda untuk mengetahui hubungan itu positif atau negatif dilihat dari Pengaruh Pelayanan, Bagi Hasil, dan Produk Tabungan Mudharabah terhadap Minat Nasabah Menabung adalah Y= 2.759 + 0,336(X1) + 0,526(X2) + 0,48(X3) + e. Hasil Uji T Secara parsial Pelayanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Minat Nasabah Menabung dikarenakan nilai thitung > ttabel (4,365>1,984) dan nilai signifikan yang dihasilkan (0,000 ttabel (4,951 > 1,984) dan nilai signifikan yang dihasilkan (0,000 ttabel (2,050 > 1,984) dan nilai signifikan yang dihasilkan (0,004 ftabel atau 1540,599 > 2,70, nilai signifikan yang dihasilkan 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Nilai koefisien determinasi adalah 0,980. berarti besarnya Pengaruh Pelayanan, Bagi Hasil, dan Produk Tabungan Mudharabah terhadap Minat Nasabah Menabung di Bank Mandiri Syariah Cab. Jelutung Kota Jambi adalah 98,0% sedangkan sisanya 2,0% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lainnya

Manufacture of Low-cost Activated Carbon using Sago Palm Bark and Date Pits by Physicochemical Activation

Two raw materials, sago palm bark (SPB) and date pits, were utilized as precursors to prepare high porosity activated carbon (AC). The porosity of these two raw materials was compared with that of commercial AC made from coconut shells. The physicochemical activation method was used for AC preparation, and it consisted of two steps, carbonization and activation. The activation process was performed using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as an activation agent. N2 adsorption-desorption analysis was carried out to characterize the porosity of AC. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted for the two raw materials. The adsorbent made from SPB, which showed the maximum surface area of 1634 m2/g at the 700 °C activation temperature for one hour, while the surface area of prepared AC from date pits was 1367 m2/g. Both prepared ACs had a larger surface area than commercial AC made with coconut shell (1348 m2/g)

Elevated peritoneal soluble endoglin and GDF-15 in infertile women with severe endometriosis and pelvic adhesion

Objectives Chronic inflammation and pelvic adhesion play a critical role in endometriosis-related infertility. Research studies suggest that TGF-β superfamily members, such as soluble endoglin (sEng), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) contribute to the regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the concentrations of these TGF-β-related members and the clinical parameters of infertile women with endometriosis. Materials and methods Sixty-five infertile women who underwent laparoscopy were divided into two groups in this study: those who had endometriosis (n = 33) and control subjects with benign gynecologic disorders (n = 32). The levels of TGF-β- related members in peritoneal fluid and serum were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical and hematological parameters were documented and analyzed. Results Endometriosis cases had significantly higher levels of sEng, GDF-15 and TGF-β1 in peritoneal fluid (p<0.0005) compared to control subjects, but not in serum. Moreover, serum GDF-15 level was significantly elevated in the late-stage endometriosis compared to the early-stage group. The levels of three TGF-β related molecules in peritoneal fluid showed positive correlations with rASRM score. Blood neutrophil counts have correlation with the peritoneal sEng concentration. Conclusion Our novel evidence on the elevated concentration of peritoneal sEng and GDF-15 in endometriosis, specifically in the late-stage, may indicate the essential role of TGF-β-dependent signaling in endometriosis. Serum GDF-15 might serve as a candidate biomarker for endometriosis severity. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role and regulation of these molecules in endometriosis

Role of Interleukin 36γ in Host Defense Against Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis remains a major killer worldwide, not the least because of our incomplete knowledge of protective and pathogenic immune mechanism. The roles of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 18 pathways in host defense are well established, as are their regulation through the inflammasome complex. In contrast, the regulation of interleukin 36γ (IL-36γ), a recently described member of the IL-1 family, and its immunological relevance in host defense remain largely unknown. Here we show that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages induces IL-36γ production in a 2-stage-regulated fashion. In the first stage, microbial ligands trigger host Toll-like receptor and MyD88-dependent pathways, leading to IL-36γ secretion. In the second stage, endogenous IL-1β and interleukin 18 further amplify IL-36γ synthesis. The relevance of this cytokine in the control of M. tuberculosis is demonstrated by IL-36γ-induced antimicrobial peptides and IL-36 receptor-dependent restriction of M. tuberculosis growth. Thus, we provide first insight into the induction and regulation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-36γ during tuberculosis

Cells with haematopoietic stem cell phenotype in adult human endometrium: relevance to infertility?

BACKGROUND: Uterine lymphoid cell repertoires are specialized in order to meet the twin demands of successful pregnancy and local immunosurveillance. The possibility that some of these populations might differentiate locally from progenitor cells has been proposed. METHODS: Endometrial tissue from women with a history of infertility as well as fertile controls was examined for haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lymphoid progenitors using three-colour flow cytometry. RESULTS: Significant populations of phenotypic HSCs (CD34+ CD45+ ) were detected in all samples, a high proportion of which co-expressed the differentiation marker CD45RA (45.7%), indicating ongoing differentiation. Almost 30% of uterine HSCs co-expressed CD56 and 44% co-expressed CD7, suggesting the presence of lymphoid progenitors. Small proportions expressed CD127 and CD122, receptors for interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-15, respectively. HSC numbers were similar in the endometrial samples from fertile and infertile women. However, the proportion co-expressing the natural killer (NK) antigen CD56 was significantly increased compared with HSCs found in the endometrium of fertile controls (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration of cells with an HSC phenotype in the human endometrium, and increased proportions of NK progenitors in endometrium of women with infertility suggests a dysregulation of this pathway that may contribute to infertility

Soluble immune checkpoints CTLA-4, HLA-G, PD-1, and PD-L1 are associated with endometriosis-related infertility

Problem Soluble immune checkpoint molecules constitute the emerging novel mediators in immune regulation. Their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis has not been fully addressed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical manifestation of endometriosis-associated infertility and the level of four soluble immune checkpoints: sCTLA4, sHLA-G, sPD-1, and sPD-L1. Method of study The soluble immune checkpoint concentrations in serum and peritoneal fluid from 88 patients who underwent laparoscopy were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical and hematological parameters were documented and analyzed. Results Endometriosis cases were evident to have significantly higher levels of serum sPD-L1 and all four molecules in peritoneal fluid compared to non-endometriosis control. Contrary, no significant differences were found in the concentration of serum sCTLA-4, sHLA-G and, sPD-1 between endometriosis and control group. There were significant positive correlations between serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of sCTLA-4, sPD-L1, and sHLA-G. Serum sPD-L1 could discriminate endometriosis-related infertility to other pathological control. At a cutoff of 14,61 pg/mL, serum sPD-L1 had a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 83%. Moreover, sPD-L1 level showed positive correlations with pelvic adhesion score and myeloid cell count. Conclusion The elevated level of sPD-L1 in serum and immune checkpoint molecules in the peritoneal fluid could represent the hallmark of immune regulation in endometriosis. Serum sPD-L1 could serve as a potential noninvasive endometriosis biomarker. Also, the immune compartment related to the local immune checkpoint molecules may be implicated in biological mechanisms underlying endometriosis-related infertility

Review on pretreatment methods and ethanol production from cellulosic water hyacinth

Lignocellulosic biomass resources are renewable materials that can be converted to fermentable sugars and subsequently into ethanol. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a cellulosic aquatic plant that has high carbohydrates, low lignin content, and notable reducing sugars content in its structure. Based on the literature review in the case of water hyacinth, the most frequently used pretreatment methods were acid and alkali, while ionic liquid and microwave-assisted methods were used rarely. The dominant sugars were glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose. Based on the findings, cellulase and S. cerevisiae were mostly used for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of water hyacinth to ethanol, respectively. This review presents the recent studies in pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of water hyacinth biomass into ethanol

Groundwater delineation for sustainable improvement and development aided by GIS, AHP, and MIF techniques

Exploration of groundwater is an integral part of viable resource growth for society, economy, and irrigation. However, uncontrolled utilization is mainly reported in urban and industries due to the increasing demand for water in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. In the background, groundwater demarcation for potential areas is vital in meeting necessary demand. The current study applied an integrated method comprising the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), multiple influence factors (MIF), combined with a linear regression curve and observatory well data for groundwater prospects mapping. Thematic maps such as flow direction, flow accumulation, elevation map, land use land cover, slope, soil texture, hill shade, geomorphology, normalized vegetation index, and groundwater depth map were generated utilizing remote sensing techniques. The relative weight of each parameter was estimated and then assigned to major and minor parameters. Potential zones for groundwater were classified into five classes, namely very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor, based on AHP and MIF methods. A spatially explicit sensitivity and uncertainty analysis method to a GIS-based multi-criteria groundwater potential zone model is presented in this research. The study addressed a flaw in the way groundwater potential mapping results are typically presented in GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis studies, where discrete class outputs are used without any assessment of their certainty with respect to variations in criteria weighting, which is one of the main contributors to output uncertainty. The study region is categorized based on inferred results as very poor, poor, marginal, and very good in potential ground quality 3.04 km2 is considered extremely poor, 3.33 km2 is considered poor, 64.42 km2 is considered very good, and 85.84 km2 is considered marginal zones, which shows reliable and potential implementation. The outcomes of AHP and MIF were validated by linear regression curve and actual water table in a study area. The study results help to formulate the potential demarcation of groundwater zones for future sustainable planning and development of groundwater sources. This study may be helpful to provide a cost-effective solution to water resources crises. The current study finding may be helpful for decision-makers and administrative professionals for sustainable management of groundwater resources for present and future demands.Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-04-02 (signyg);Funder: King Saud University (RSP2024R351);Full text license: CC BY</p