Household Income and Air Pollution at Public Schools in the United States

Poor air quality at schools may negatively impact students’ academic performance.1 2 3 In this study we look at the relationship between ambient, outdoor air quality and student socioeconomic status at United States public schools. We used free and reduced lunch eligibility, as part of the USDA’s National School Lunch Program, as an indicator of household income. We focus on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). We used ambient pollutant concentration estimates at census block group resolution (Kim et al.) as the outdoor air pollution concentration at each school.4 We found a positive correlation between lower socioeconomic status and higher levels of ambient air pollution. We found that on average, NO2 concentrations are 1.8 - 3.1 ppb higher (22-42%, � \u3c .001) for students in the lowest SES quartile than the highest. The concentration of PM2.5 is 0.7 - 1.2 µg/m3 higher (7-13%, � \u3c .001) for students in the lowest SES quartile than the highest. At elementary and high schools, average O3 concentrations are 0.5 ppb lower (1%, � \u3c .001) for students in the lowest SES quartile than the highest. At middle schools there is no significant difference (� \u3e 0.1) in O3 concentration between the lowest and highest SES quartiles. Atkinson Index values are highest for NO2 (0.15 - 0.17, �=1). Values for PM2.5 are one order of magnitude lower (.04, �=1) and two orders of magnitude lower for O3 (.009, �=1)

Caso Clínico ARP nº 19

A 4-year-old male child presented was referred to our department with a history of an incidental finding reported on an abdominal ultrasound which was performed during the diagnostic workup of an interauricular communication

Protocolo de avaliação dos riscos psicossociais no trabalho - contribuições da psicodinâmica do trabalho

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social, do Trabalho e das Organizações, 2013.A tese se vale dos preceitos da teoria psicodinâmica do trabalho para pensar as relações entre saúde e trabalho e as implicações da relação organização do trabalho, gestão e trabalhador, envolvendo a noção de intersubjetividade. Propõe-se que a intersubjetividade pode ser investigada, ainda que de maneira indireta, em instrumentos de avaliação por meio de categorias empíricas, fundamentadas teoricamente em abordagens criticas e clinicas como a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e a Psicanálise. O objetivo do estudo e a elaboração de um Protocolo de Avaliação dos Riscos Psicossociais no Trabalho (PROART) que abarque a investigação de quatro dimensões que envolvem a relação trabalhador-organização do trabalho, a saber: organização prescrita do trabalho; estilos de gestão; sofrimento patogênico; e danos psicossociais. Para tal, foi elaborada uma nova estrutura para seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa: Escala de Avaliação do Contexto de Trabalho; Escala de Estilos de Funcionamento Organizacional; Inventário de Riscos de Sofrimento Patogênico no Trabalho; e Escala de Avaliação de Danos Relacionados ao Trabalho, com o objetivo de alinhar tais escalas aos conceitos discutidos pela teoria Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. O Protocolo de Avaliação dos Riscos Psicossociais no Trabalho (PROART) e composto por quatro escalas: Escala da Organização Prescrita do Trabalho; Escala de Estilos de Gestão; Escala de Sofrimento Patogênico no Trabalho; e Escala de Danos Relacionados ao Trabalho. Destaca-se que uma investigação da relação sujeito-trabalho-saúde deve partir da análise e caracterização da organização do trabalho. E no processo intersubjetivo resultante da interação das pessoas com a organização do trabalho que são produzidas as significações psíquicas e construções sociais. Esse aspecto dinâmico e determinante, então, para compreender o estilo de gestão adotado, aos modos compartilhados de sentir e agir dos trabalhadores, as vivencias de sofrimento resultantes da interação do sujeito com o trabalho e as possibilidades de ressignificação destas vivencias. Entendendo a Organização do Trabalho como variável antecedente e ponto de partida das investigações sobre saúde no trabalho, e os danos psicossociais como resultado final da dinâmica descrita nos modelos teórico e empírico, e a partir principalmente dos resultados das escalas de Estilo de Gestão e Riscos de Sofrimento Patogênico no Trabalho que a intersubjetividade poderá ser analisada. Isso se da pelo fato de as duas escalas remeterem as percepções vivenciadas e compartilhadas pelos trabalhadores em seu contexto de trabalho. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis thesis uses the psychodinamics of work approach to think the relations between health and work and the implications of the relation between organization of the work, management and worker, involving the intersubjectivity concept. It is considered that the intersubjectivity can be researched, despite in indirect way, by instruments of evaluation that uses empirical categories, based theoretically on critical and clinical boardings as the psychodinamics of work and psychoanalyze. The objective of the study is the elaboration of a Protocol of Psychosocial Risks at Work's Evaluation (PPRWE) that involves the investigation of diverse dimensions that involve the relation worker-organization of work: prescript organization of work; management styles; pathogenic suffering; and psychosocial risks. For such, a new structure for the following research instruments was elaborated: Scale of Evaluation of the Context of Work; Scale of Styles of Organizational Functioning; Inventory of Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work; e Scale of Evaluation of Damages Related to Work, with the aim to line up such scales to the concepts argued for the psychodinamics of work theory. The Protocol of Psychosocial Risks at Work's Evaluation (PPRWE) is composed by four scales: Prescript Organization of Work Scale; Styles of Management Scale; Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work Scale; and Psychosocial Damages at Work Scale. It is highlighted that an investigation of the relation subject-work-health must consider the analysis and characterization of the organization of the work. It is in intersubjective process of the interaction between the workers and the organization of the work that psychic significations and social constructions are produced. This dynamic aspect is determinative, then, to understand the adopted style of management, to the shared ways to feel and to act of the workers, the resulting experiences of suffering of the interaction of the subjects with the work and the possibilities of resignification of these experiences. Understanding the Organization of the Work as the antecedent variable and the starting point of the investigations on health in the work, and the psychosocial damages as the ending result of the described dynamics in the theoretical and empiricist models, it's mainly of the results of the Style of Management Scale and Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work Scale that the intersubjectivity could be analysed, mainly because the two scales are about the perceptions lived deeply and shared by the workers in their work's context

As falácias do culto ao desempenho no mundo do trabalho

Editorial do Volume 3 Número 2Editorial do Volume 3 Número 2Editorial do Volume 3 Número 2Editorial do Volume 3 Número

TRABALHO COMO ESTRUTURANTE PSÍQUICO E SOCIOPOLÍTICO EM TEMPOS DE HIPERMODERNIDADE

Editorial da Revista Trabalho (En)Cena - Volume 2 Número 2Editorial da Revista Trabalho (En)Cena - Volume 2 Número 2Editorial da Revista Trabalho (En)Cena - Volume 2 Número 2Editorial da Revista Trabalho (En)Cena - Volume 2 Número

Conjugacy and geometry I : foot of the perpendicular, distance and gram determinant

In this note on space geometry, the Gram determinant is used for expressing distances, vectors whose magnitude equals those distances and best approximation points. Three cases are considered: distances from a point to a line and to a plane and distances between two skew lines. (Symbolic) determinants occur in the expressions of the feet of perpendiculars and in the representation of the vectors materializing the distances. Because best approximation problems often require the use of subspaces, in order to solve the general cases of the proposed problems, we make extensive use of the conjugacy principle much present in Mathematics. The main purpose of this paper, focused on the resolution of distance problems in tridimensional geometry, is to provide the acquisition of spatial abilities through the proposed constructive approach. The obtained results, which could be a starting point and give clues for solving more advanced geometry problems, are applicable in several fields of practical sciences, such as the Coordinate Metrology, for instance. Moreover, this paper may be a window for coming across with a diversity of scalar products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Distance between linear varieties in ℝn. application of an (in)equality by (fan-todd) beesack

The closest point of a linear variety to an external point is found by using the equality case of an Ostrowski’s type inequality. This point is given in a closed form as the quotient of a formal and a scalar Gram determinant. Then the best approximation pair of points onto two linear varieties is obtained, besides its characterization.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio