91 research outputs found

    Guidelines for the good practice of surface wave analysis: a product of the InterPACIFIC project

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    Surface wave methods gained in the past decades a primary role in many seismic projects. Specifically, they are often used to retrieve a 1D shear wave velocity model or to estimate the VS,30 at a site. The complexity of the interpretation process and the variety of possible approaches to surface wave analysis make it very hard to set a fixed standard to assure quality and reliability of the results. The present guidelines provide practical information on the acquisition and analysis of surface wave data by giving some basic principles and specific suggestions related to the most common situations. They are primarily targeted to non-expert users approaching surface wave testing, but can be useful to specialists in the field as a general reference. The guidelines are based on the experience gained within the InterPACIFIC project and on the expertise of the participants in acquisition and analysis of surface wave data.Published2367-24205T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismicaJCR Journa

    PRENOLIN project. Results of the validation phase at sendai site

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    One of the objectives of the PRENOLIN project is the assessment of uncertainties associated with non-linear simulation of 1D site effects. An international benchmark is underway to test several numerical codes, including various non-linear soil constitutive models, to compute the non-linear seismic site response. The preliminary verification phase (i.e. comparison between numerical codes on simple, idealistic cases) is now followed by the validation phase, which compares predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strong motion data recorded from well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 21 different non-linear computations. Extensive site characterization was performed at three sites of the Japanese KiK-net and PARI networks. This paper focuses on SENDAI site. The first results indicate that a careful analysis of the data for the lab measurement is required. The linear site response is overestimated while the non-linear effects are underestimated in the first iteration. According to these observations, a first set of recommendations for defining the non-linear soil parameters from lab measurements is proposed. PRENOLIN is part of two larger projects: SINAPS@, funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency) and SIGMA, funded by a consortium of nuclear operators (EDF, CEA, AREVA, ENL)

    SITE AND SEISMIC STATION CHARACTERIZATION: AN EUROPEAN INITIATIVE

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    Site characterization is a key input in seismic hazard and risk assessment (e.g. Ground Motion Prediction Equation, microzonation studies, damage scenarios) and seismic design (building codes, critical facilities). Although the number of strong-motion stations in free-field and engineering structures has largely increased over the world in the last twenty years, only a limited number of sites includes detailed site condition indicators: mostly geology and EC8 soil class, more rarely shear-wave velocity (Vs) information (e.g. Vs30 and Vs profiles), without proper documentation and quality assessment in most cases. This lack of information is a critical issue, e.g. for deriving reference rock/soil velocity profiles for region-specific GMPEs, site-specific hazard assessment, vs-kappa adjustments, seismic response of engineering infrastructures, risk modeling at urban or regional scale. Within the framework of the SERA “Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe” Horizon 2020 Project, a networking activity has been set up to propose a comprehensive European strategy and standards fostering site characterization of seismic stations in Europe. We will present the status of this networking activity that focuses on several issues. The first target is to evaluate the most relevant site characterization scalar, depth and frequencydependant indicators (e.g. Vs30, resonance period, velocity profiles, kappa, amplification factors and functions, etc.) for seismic hazard purposes and, thereafter, to propose best practice for site characterization together with standards for overall quality metrics on site characterization. The second target focuses on disseminating, within the broader seismological and engineering community, site characterization metadata developed within the EU NERA and EPOS-IP projects in order to validate and/or further develop metadata format schemes for wide use. Based on available site characterization information in Europe and considering the research and engineering needs, the third target proposes to set up a road map to prioritize strong motion site characterization in Europe for the next decade. Finally, a task is dedicated to investigate relevance of new site condition and amplification proxies (for example combining resonance frequency, local slope and other parameters, proxy for non-linear effects, wavelength-scaled curvature and topographic position index position as proxies for topographic effects, aggravation factor for basin effects, etc.) and their implementation at the European scale and into site characterization metadata.PublishedLa Valletta-Malta5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismic

    Understanding single-station ground motion variability and uncertainty (sigma) – Lessons learnt from EUROSEISTEST

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    Accelerometric data from the well-studied valley EUROSEISTEST are used to investigate ground motion uncertainty and variability. We define a simple local ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) and investigate changes in standard deviation (σ) and its components, the between-event variability (τ) and within-event variability (φ). Improving seismological metadata significantly reduces τ (30-50%), which in turn reduces the total σ. Improving site information reduces the systematic site-to-site variability, φS2S (20-30%), in turn reducing φ, and ultimately, σ. Our values of standard deviations are lower than global values from literature, and closer to path-specific than site-specific values. However, our data have insufficient azimuthal coverage for single-path analysis. Certain stations have higher ground-motion variability, possibly due to topography, basin edge or downgoing wave effects. Sensitivity checks show that 3 recordings per event is a sufficient data selection criterion, however, one of the dataset’s advantages is the large number of recordings per station (9-90) that yields good site term estimates. We examine uncertainty components binning our data with magnitude from 0.01 to 2 s; at smaller magnitudes, τ decreases and φSS increases, possibly due to Îș and source-site trade-offs Finally, we investigate the alternative approach of computing φSS using existing GMPEs instead of creating an ad hoc local GMPE. This is important where data are insufficient to create one, or when site-specific PSHA is performed. We show that global GMPEs may still capture φSS, provided that: 1. the magnitude scaling errors are accommodated by the event terms; 2. there are no distance scaling errors (use of a regionally applicable model). Site terms (φS2S) computed by different global GMPEs (using different site-proxies) vary significantly, especially for hard-rock sites. This indicates that GMPEs may be poorly constrained where they are sometimes most needed, i.e. for hard rock

    Caractérisation des conditions de site prÚs de la station sismologique Résif-Rap PYCA à Campan (Hautes-Pyrénées)

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    Systematic characterization of site conditions is a fundamental component for better use of data in seismic hazard studies and ground motion prediction. This is a recommendation issued after the H2020 EU-SERA project and followed by many instrumented countries in Europe. The measurement and processing protocol aims to determine the properties of the subsoil under the stations, i.e. the shear wave velocity profiles, from which a number of proxies widely used in seismic hazard are deduced (soil class EC8, SV30, H800, etc.). This protocol was applied to about sixty RĂ©sif-RAP stations in France and Martinique. To characterize a single station, the protocol requires a team of 6 to 8 people and 300 kg of equipment on site for a day 3 and 4 , then 3 to 5 days of data processing by an expert. This photo shows a site condition characterization operation at the PYCA station located in Tarbes (Hautes-PyrĂ©nĂ©es). The online acquisition is deployed in close proximity to the permanent station. RĂ©sif-Rap is one of the actions of the French seismological and geodetic network RĂ©sif, a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Internal Earth. RĂ©sif is based on high-tech observation networks, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout France. The data collected make it possible to study with high spatial and temporal resolution the deformation of the ground, surface and deep structures, seismicity on a local and global scale and natural hazards, and more particularly seismic events, on French territory. RĂ©sif is part of the European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and global systems of instruments used to image the Earth's interior as a whole and to study many natural phenomena.La caractĂ©risation systĂ©matique des conditions de sites est un volet fondamental pour une meilleure utilisation des donnĂ©es dans les Ă©tudes d’alĂ©a sismique et pour la prĂ©diction du mouvement du sol. Il s'agit d'une recommandation Ă©mise aprĂšs le projet H2020 EU-SERA et suivie par de nombreux pays instrumentĂ©s en Europe. Le protocole de mesures et de traitements vise Ă  dĂ©terminer les propriĂ©tĂ©s du sous-sol sous les stations, c’est-Ă -dire les profils de vitesse des ondes de cisaillement, desquels on dĂ©duit un certain nombre de proxys largement utilisĂ©s en alĂ©a sismique (classe de sol EC8, VS30, H800, etc.). Ce protocole a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ© Ă  une soixantaine de stations RĂ©sif-Rap de mĂ©tropole et de Martinique. Pour caractĂ©riser une seule station, le protocole requiert une Ă©quipe de 6 Ă  8 personnes et 300 kg de matĂ©riel sur le site pendant une journĂ©e 3 et 4, puis 3 Ă  5 jours de traitement des donnĂ©es par un expert. Cette photo montre une opĂ©ration de mesures MASW (mĂ©thode Multiple Analysis of Surface Waves) Ă  la station PYCA Ă  Campan (Hautes-PyrĂ©nĂ©es). L’acquisition en ligne est dĂ©ployĂ©e Ă  proximitĂ© immĂ©diate de la station permanente. RĂ©sif-Rap est l'une des actions du RĂ©seau sismologique et gĂ©odĂ©sique français RĂ©sif, une infrastructure de recherche nationale dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’observation et la comprĂ©hension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. RĂ©sif se base sur des rĂ©seaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composĂ©s d’instruments sismologiques, gĂ©odĂ©siques et gravimĂ©triques dĂ©ployĂ©s de maniĂšre dense sur tout le territoire français. Les donnĂ©es recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute rĂ©solution spatio-temporelle la dĂ©formation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicitĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et globale et les alĂ©as naturels, et plus particuliĂšrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. RĂ©sif s’intĂšgre aux dispositifs europĂ©ens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intĂ©rieur de la Terre dans sa globalitĂ© et d’étudier de nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels

    Caractérisation des conditions de site prÚs de la station sismologique Résif-Rap PYTB à Tarbes (Hautes-Pyrénées)

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    Systematic characterization of site conditions is a fundamental component for better use of data in seismic hazard studies and ground motion prediction. This is a recommendation issued after the H2020 EU-SERA project and followed by many instrumented countries in Europe. The measurement and processing protocol aims to determine the properties of the subsoil under the stations, i.e. the shear wave velocity profiles, from which a number of proxies widely used in seismic hazard are deduced (soil class EC8, SV30, H800, etc.). This protocol was applied to about sixty RĂ©sif-RAP stations in France and Martinique. To characterize a single station, the protocol requires a team of 6 to 8 people and 300 kg of equipment on site for a day 3 and 4 , then 3 to 5 days of data processing by an expert. This photo shows a site condition characterization operation at the PYTB station located in Tarbes (Hautes-PyrĂ©nĂ©es). We can see the installation of small circular AVA arrays of radius 5 and 15 m near the station. RĂ©sif-Rap is one of the actions of the French seismological and geodetic network RĂ©sif, , a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Internal Earth. RĂ©sif is based on high-tech observation networks, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout France. The data collected make it possible to study with high spatial and temporal resolution the deformation of the ground, surface and deep structures, seismicity on a local and global scale and natural hazards, and more particularly seismic events, on French territory. RĂ©sif is part of the European (Epos - European Plate Observing System) and global systems of instruments used to image the Earth's interior as a whole and to study many natural phenomena.La caractĂ©risation systĂ©matique des conditions de sites est un volet fondamental pour une meilleure utilisation des donnĂ©es dans les Ă©tudes d’alĂ©a sismique et pour la prĂ©diction du mouvement du sol. Il s'agit d'une recommandation Ă©mise aprĂšs le projet H2020 EU-SERA et suivie par de nombreux pays instrumentĂ©s en Europe. Le protocole de mesures et de traitements vise Ă  dĂ©terminer les propriĂ©tĂ©s du sous-sol sous les stations, c’est-Ă -dire les profils de vitesse des ondes de cisaillement, desquels on dĂ©duit un certain nombre de proxys largement utilisĂ©s en alĂ©a sismique (classe de sol EC8, VS30, H800, etc.). Ce protocole a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ© Ă  une soixantaine de stations RĂ©sif-Rap de mĂ©tropole et de Martinique. Pour caractĂ©riser une seule station, le protocole requiert une Ă©quipe de 6 Ă  8 personnes et 300 kg de matĂ©riel sur le site pendant une journĂ©e 3 et 4, puis 3 Ă  5 jours de traitement des donnĂ©es par un expert. Cette photo montre une opĂ©ration de caractĂ©risation des conditions de site Ă  la station PYTB situĂ©e Ă  Tarbes (Hautes-PyrĂ©nĂ©es). On peut voir la mise en place des petits rĂ©seaux circulaires AVA de rayons 5 et 15 m prĂšs de la station. RĂ©sif-Rap est l'une des actions du RĂ©seau sismologique et gĂ©odĂ©sique français RĂ©sif, une infrastructure de recherche nationale dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’observation et la comprĂ©hension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. RĂ©sif se base sur des rĂ©seaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composĂ©s d’instruments sismologiques, gĂ©odĂ©siques et gravimĂ©triques dĂ©ployĂ©s de maniĂšre dense sur tout le territoire français. Les donnĂ©es recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute rĂ©solution spatio-temporelle la dĂ©formation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicitĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et globale et les alĂ©as naturels, et plus particuliĂšrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. RĂ©sif s’intĂšgre aux dispositifs europĂ©ens (Epos - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intĂ©rieur de la Terre dans sa globalitĂ© et d’étudier de nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels

    Carte du réseau accélérométrique permanent français (Résif-Rap) en avril 2021

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    The seismicity map of France shows regions where the seismic hazard is relatively important (Antilles, Alps, Provence CĂŽte d'Azur and Pyrenees) and regions where the seismicity rates are modest but not negligible (Rhine Graben, Ardennes, Massif Central, Massif Armoricain, Mayotte). This seismicity justifies the monitoring of strong ground movements caused by the earthquakes that affect the territory, and their effects on the structures. This is the mission that was entrusted to the Permanent Accelerometric Network (Rap) in 1997 and has led to the instrumentation of 160 accelerometric stations in mainland France and overseas. Accelerometers have the sensitivity required to record high amplitudes without saturation effects in the frequency range relevant to civil engineering. This map illustrates the distribution of these stations in spring 2021.Rap is part of the French seismological and geodetic network RĂ©sif, a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Internal Earth. RĂ©sif is based on high-tech observation networks, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout France. The data collected make it possible to study with high spatial and temporal resolution the deformation of the ground, surface and deep structures, seismicity on a local and global scale and natural hazards, and more particularly seismic events, on French territory. RĂ©sif is part of the European (Epos - European Plate Observing System) and global systems of instruments used to image the Earth's interior as a whole and to study many natural phenomena.La carte de la sismicitĂ© de la France fait apparaĂźtre des rĂ©gions oĂč l’alĂ©a sismique est relativement important (Antilles, Alpes, Provence CĂŽte d’Azur et PyrĂ©nĂ©es) et des rĂ©gions oĂč les taux de sismicitĂ© sont modestes mais non nĂ©gligeables (FossĂ© RhĂ©nan, Ardennes, Massif Central, Massif Armoricain, Mayotte). Cette sismicitĂ© justifie la surveillance des mouvements forts du sol causĂ©s par les sĂ©ismes qui affectent le territoire, et leurs effets sur les structures. C’est la mission qui a Ă©tĂ© confiĂ©e au RĂ©seau AccĂ©lĂ©romĂ©trique Permanent (Rap) en 1997 et qui a conduit Ă  l’instrumentation de 160 stations accĂ©lĂ©romĂ©triques en France hexagonale et outre-mer. Les accĂ©lĂ©romĂštres ont en effet la sensibilitĂ© requise pour enregistrer de fortes amplitudes sans effet de saturation dans la gamme de frĂ©quences intĂ©ressant le gĂ©nie civil. Cette carte illustre la rĂ©partition de ces stations au printemps 2021.Le Rap est l'une des action du RĂ©seau sismologique et gĂ©odĂ©sique français RĂ©sif, une infrastructure de recherche nationale dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’observation et la comprĂ©hension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. RĂ©sif se base sur des rĂ©seaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composĂ©s d’instruments sismologiques, gĂ©odĂ©siques et gravimĂ©triques dĂ©ployĂ©s de maniĂšre dense sur tout le territoire français. Les donnĂ©es recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute rĂ©solution spatio-temporelle la dĂ©formation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicitĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et globale et les alĂ©as naturels, et plus particuliĂšrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. RĂ©sif s’intĂšgre aux dispositifs europĂ©ens (Epos - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intĂ©rieur de la Terre dans sa globalitĂ© et d’étudier de nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels

    Carte du réseau accélérométrique permanent (Résif-RAP) au 16 avril 2021

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    Accelerometric monitoring is carried out in mainland France and overseas. RĂ©sif-Rap has set up its stations in regions with relatively high seismicity where the risk is highest (Antilles, Alps, Provence and Pyrenees), but also in regions where the seismicity rates are more modest although not negligible (Rhine Graben, Ardennes, Armorican Massif, Central Massif, Mayotte). One of the challenges is to install the stations as close as possible to the seismic sources in order to record the strong movement at short distance (ideally less than 20 km). RĂ©sif-Rap also aims to install its stations in places that are sensitive to seismic risk: particular sites where seismic wave amplification phenomena are expected, and urban areas with high human, economic or environmental stakes.RĂ©sif-Rap is an action of the French seismological and geodetic network RĂ©sif, a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Internal Earth. RĂ©sif is based on high-tech observation networks, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout France. The data collected make it possible to study with high spatial and temporal resolution the deformation of the ground, surface and deep structures, seismicity on a local and global scale and natural hazards, and more particularly seismic events, on French territory. RĂ©sif is part of the European (Epos - European Plate Observing System) and global systems of instruments used to image the Earth's interior as a whole and to study many natural phenomena.La surveillance accĂ©lĂ©romĂ©trique s’opĂšre en France hexagonale et outre-mer. Le RĂ©sif-Rap a installĂ© ses stations dans les rĂ©gions de sismicitĂ© relativement importante oĂč le risque est le plus Ă©levĂ© (Antilles, Alpes, Provence et PyrĂ©nĂ©es), mais Ă©galement dans les rĂ©gions oĂč les taux de sismicitĂ© sont plus modestes bien que non nĂ©gligeables (FossĂ© RhĂ©nan, Ardennes, Massif Armoricain, Massif Central, Mayotte). L’un des enjeux est d’installer les stations au plus proche des sources sismiques pour y enregistrer le mouvement fort Ă  courte distance (idĂ©alement Ă  moins de 20 km). Le RĂ©sif-Rap vise Ă©galement Ă  installer ses stations dans des lieux sensibles au risque sismique : sites particuliers oĂč des phĂ©nomĂšnes d’amplification des ondes sismiques sont attendus, et zones urbaines Ă  forts enjeux humains, Ă©conomiques ou environnementaux.Le RĂ©sif-Rap est l'une des actions du RĂ©seau sismologique et gĂ©odĂ©sique français RĂ©sif, une infrastructure de recherche nationale dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’observation et la comprĂ©hension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. RĂ©sif se base sur des rĂ©seaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composĂ©s d’instruments sismologiques, gĂ©odĂ©siques et gravimĂ©triques dĂ©ployĂ©s de maniĂšre dense sur tout le territoire français. Les donnĂ©es recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute rĂ©solution spatio-temporelle la dĂ©formation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicitĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et globale et les alĂ©as naturels, et plus particuliĂšrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. RĂ©sif s’intĂšgre aux dispositifs europĂ©ens (Epos - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intĂ©rieur de la Terre dans sa globalitĂ© et d’étudier de nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels
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