Towards a classification of branes in theories with eight supercharges

We provide a classification of half-supersymmetric branes in quarter-maximal supergravity theories with scalars parametrising coset manifolds. Guided by the results previously obtained for the half-maximal theories, we are able to show that half-supersymmetric branes correspond to the real longest weights of the representations of the brane charges, where the reality properties of the weights are determined from the Tits-Satake diagrams associated to the global symmetry groups. We show that the resulting brane structure is universal for all theories that can be uplifted to six dimensions. We also show that when viewing these theories as low-energy theories for the suitably compactified heterotic string, the classification we obtain is in perfect agreement with the wrapping rules derived in previous works for the same theory compactified on tori. Finally, we relate the branes to the R-symmetry representations of the central charges and we show that in general the degeneracies of the BPS conditions are twice those of the half-maximal theories and four times those of the maximal ones.Comment: 47 pages, 8 figure

Clinical and laboratory evaluation of metallic brackets bonded with orthodontic composites

Orientadores: Maria Beatriz Borges de Araujo Magnani, Lourenço Correr SobrinhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar clinicamente e em laboratório, a taxa de descolagem e a resistência ao cisalhamento de bráquetes metálicos colados com compósitos ortodônticos. O experimento clínico consistiu de 20 pacientes (10,5-15,1 anos de idade), que procuraram tratamento ortodôntico corretivo. Nestes pacientes foram colados bráquetes de 2° pré-molar a 2° pré-molar no arco superior e inferior com os sistemas adesivos: Concise Ortodôntico, Transbond XT convencional, Transbond XT sem agente de união e Transbond XT em esmalte preparado com ácido-primer Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer (TPSEP). Todos os sistemas foram utilizados em todos os pacientes, em rodízio pelos quadrantes, sendo que, a mesma sequência de colagem se repetiu em cada cinco pacientes. Arcos iniciais foram inseridos uma semana após a colagem dos bráquetes. Os pacientes foram avaliados durante seis meses para quantificar o número de bráquetes descolados. Ao final do período de observação ocorreram 8 descolagens com Concise Ortodôntico, 2 com Transbond XT convencional, 9 com Transbond XT sem agente de união e 1 com TPSEP + Transbond XT. Pelo Método de Kaplan-Meier foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes na taxa de descolagem entre os materiais (P=0,0198) e o teste Logrank identificou estas diferenças. O Transbond XT convencional e TPSEP + Transbond XT foram estatisticamente superiores (apresentaram menos descolagens) em relação ao Concise Ortodôntico e Transbond XT sem agente de união (P0,05). O experimento laboratorial teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento de bráquetes metálicos colados com o novo compósito ortodôntico Transbond Plus Color Change (TPCC, 3M Unitek) em diferentes preparações de esmalte e analisar após a descolagem o Índice de Remanescente de Adesivo (IRA). Foram utilizados 72 pré-molares humanos divididos em seis grupos (n=12). No Grupo 1 (controle) foi utilizado o compósito Transbond XT convencionalmente. Nos demais grupos (2 a 6) utilizou-se o TPCC nas seguintes condições de esmalte: ácido fosfórico e XT primer; ácido-primer TPSEP; somente ácido fosfórico; ácido fosfórico, XT primer e saliva; TPSEP e saliva, respectivamente. Após a colagem dos bráquetes e fotoativação, os corpos de prova foram armazenados em água destilada em estufa a 37°C por 24 horas. Em seguida, os bráquetes foram carregados em máquina Instron à velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. e o IRA avaliado em lupa estereoscópica. Osvalores médios de resistência ao cisalhamento (MPa) foram: Grupo 1- 24,6; Grupo 2-18,7; Grupo 3-17,5; Grupo 4-19,7; Grupo 5-17,5 e Grupo 6-14,8. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey (5%). O Grupo 1 apresentou maior média e diferiu estatisticamente dos grupos 3, 5 e 6 (P0,05). Entre os grupos 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes (P>0,05). A colagem de bráquetes com TPCC apresentou valores comparáveis ao Transbond XT convencional e o tipo de preparo de superfície não influenciou esta adesãoAbstract: The aim of this study was to assess clinically and laboratory the bracket failure rate and shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with orthodontic composites. The in vivo study consisted of 20 patients aged between 10.5 to 15.1 years old who had sought corrective orthodontic treatment. Brackets were bonded of the second premolar - second premolar to their upper and lower arches using the adhesive systems: Orthodontic Concise, conventional Transbond XT, Transbond XT without primer, and Transbond XT applied to enamel etched with Transbond Plus Self-etching Primer (TPSEP). All the adhesive systems were used in all patients on a quadrant-rotation basis by repeating the same bonding sequence in every 5 patients. Initial archwires were inserted a week after the brackets bonding. The patients were evaluated during six months in order to quantify the number of brackets failure regarding each adhesive system. At the end of the observation period, 8 brackets failure rates were observed for Orthodontic Concise, 2 for conventional Transbond XT, 9 for Transbond XT without primer, and 1 with Transbond XT + TPSEP. By using the Kaplan-Meier methods, statistically significant differences were found between the materials (p=.0198), and the Logrank test identified these differences. It was observed that conventional Transbond XT and Transbond XT + TPSEP were statistically superior (fewer debonded brackets) compared to Orthodontic Concise and Transbond XT without primer (P.05). The in vitro study aimed at assessing the shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to different enamel surfaces using the Transbond Plus Color Change composite (TPCC, 3M Unitek) as well as to analyse the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Seventy-two human premolars were used for study, with all samples being divided into six groups (n =12). In Group 1 (control), Transbond XT composite was conventionally used. In other groups (2-6), TPCC was used under the following enamel conditions: phosphoric acid and XT primer; TPSEP; phosphoric acid only; phosphoric acid, XT primer and saliva; and TPSEP and saliva, respectively. After bracket bonding and photo-activation, the samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C in a stove. Next, the brackets were debonded by using an Instron machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the ARI were evaluated by using a stereoscopic magnifying glass. The mean shear strength values (MPa) were the following: Group 1, 24.6; Group 2, 18.7; Group 3, 17.5; Group 4, 19.7; Group 5, 17.5; and Group 6, 14.8. Data were submitted to both ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Group 1 was found to be statistically superior to Groups 3, 5, and 6 (P.05). No statistically significant differences were found between Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (P>.05). The bracket bonding using TPCC composite showed values comparable to the conventional Transbond XT, and the type of enamel preparation had no influenceDoutoradoOrtodontiaDoutor em Radiologia Odontológic

Improved angular discretization and error analysis of the lattice boltzmann method for solving radiative heat transfer in a participating medium

In this paper, some improvements to the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for solving radiative heat transfer in a participating medium are presented and validated. Validation of the model is performed by investigating the effects of spatial and angular discretizations and extinction coefficient on the solution. The error analysis and the order of convergence of the scheme are also reporte

Analytic Solution of the Time-Optimal Control of a Double Integrator from an Arbitrary State to the State-space Origin

This brief note presents known results about the minimum-time control of a double integrator system from an arbitrary initial state to the state-space origin (minimum-time regulation problem, or special problem). The main purpose of this note is didactical. Results are presented in all details and following a step by step procedure.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, 3 table

Building Partial Discharge Signal Wireless Probes

This chapter focuses on the evaluation of the performances of different antenna sensors suitable for Partial Discharge (PD) measurements. Monopole, triangular and spherical antennas were simulated by means of the surface method of moments. The transmitting system is modeled by a power electronic device with a fault current between two metal plates. The shape of the simulated, transmitted and received signals, has been compared to verify the sensor that provides the best fidelity among the three. The auto-correlation function and the Pearson correlation index are adopted here for the comparison. A discussion on the dynamic characteristic of the different antenna probes and their use in different application is proposed

Circulating hemocytes from larvae of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Circulating hemocytes from larval stages of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus were characterized by light and transmission electronmicroscopy. Three types were identified: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes and granulocytes. The first two are agranular cells while the latterpresent typical cytoplasmic inclusions called granules. Plasmatocytes differ from prohemocytes being larger, showing lower nucleus/cytoplasmratio and they possess many phagolysosomes. The substantial uniformity of most subcellular features and the presence of \u201cintermediate forms\u201d support the \u201csingle-cell theory\u201d i.e., there is only one cell line that originates from the prohemocyte and leads to the granular cell passing through the plasmatocyte. This hypothesis seems to be confirmed by functional tests. Indeed, most part of cells adheres to the glass and is able to phagocytize fluorescent microspheres

Seismic performance assessment addressing sustainability and energy efficiency

Sustainability has become one the most ambitious challenges for Europe growth, according to 2020 Europe Strategy. This high-priority theme braces a lot of industrial sectors. In particular the construction sector bears a huge responsibility in relation to sustainable development because of several impacts produced on its three dimensions: environment, economy and society. A building has to fulfill its own performance not only in the abovementioned common triple-bottom line of sustainability, but also in usability, capacity, reliability, safety and comfort. In that context, designing a sustainable construction turns out to be a very complex issue, so a holistic view is the key of sustainability in the construction sector. Furthermore, buildings should be designed and assessed in the light of time with a future in mind which can be predicted only in probabilistic terms, so an integral life-cycle approach is required. This report emphasizes the present need for the construction sector to develop a new way to conceive structures, with the aim to develop a competitive sustainable construction sector. In order to obtain this European objective a new design methodology is needed, focusing on a multi-performance, life-cycle oriented approach. A potential Sustainable Structural Design (SSD) methodology with its three main steps is presented, addressing the possibility to include environmental aspects in structural design, in order to obtain a global assessment parameter in monetary terms. In details, the building environmental analysis in terms of CO2 emissions and energy consumption, carried out by the LCA methodology should be combined with the structural analysis. For this reason environmental results have to be transformed in costs in order to be summed with structural results, expressed in economic terms thanks to the simplified Performance Based Assessment (sPBA) methodology. Finally, the importance of considering the resource efficiency in construction sector is discussed, highlighting a possible way to measure it. The necessity to develop a research programme to consider the economic dimension of this aspect in order to include it in the SSD methodology is considered. Other possible options to ensure resource efficiency in the construction sector through the re-use of building materials and the recycle of construction and demolition wastes or the reinforcement of economic instruments are underlined.JRC.G.5-European laboratory for structural assessmen

Effects of Chickpea in Substitution of Soybean Meal on Milk Production, Blood Profile and Reproductive Response of Primiparous Buffaloes in Early Lactation

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the use of chickpea meal in substitution of soybean meal on plasma metabolites, reproductive response, milk yield and composition and milk coagulation traits of primiparous buffaloes in early lactation. Eighteen primiparous buffaloes were blocked by age, body weight and days in milk and equally allotted to two experimental groups from 10 to 100 days of lactation. The experimental diets consisted of the same forage integrated with two different isonitrogenous and isoenergetic concentrates containing either 210 g/kg of soybean meal or 371 g/kg chickpea. The use of chickpea meal had no negative effects on dry matter intake (p = 0.69), body condition score (p = 0.33) and milk yield (p = 0.15). Neither milk composition nor blood metabolites were influenced by dietary treatments (p > 0.05), but an increment of urea concentrations in milk (p 0.05) of the dietary treatment was highlighted on milk coagulation traits as well as buffalo reproductive responses. We concluded that soybean meal can be replaced by chickpea meal in the diet for primiparous dairy buffaloes in the early lactation period without impairing their productive and reproductive performance

From Controlled to Automatic Processes and Back Again: The Role of Contextual Features

In cognitive psychology, classical approaches categorize automatic and controlled processes from a dichotomous point of view. Automatic processes are believed to be rigid, whereas controlled processes are thought to be flexible. New theories have softened this dichotomous view. The aim of the present study is to examine the possibility of implementing flexibility in automatic processing through reliance on contextual features. One hundred and twenty subjects (mean age 22.4, SD = 4.2), 60 male and 60 female, participated in this study. An automatic sequence task (with and without contextual features) was used to test flexibility in automatic processing. Results showed that the use of contextual cues can increase flexibility in automatic processes. The results are discussed in light of new theories on softened automaticity