Filodinámica del virus de la mancha anillada de la papaya en carica papaya L en Cuba

Papaya is broadly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. However, they are affected by the Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), which is the most economically important virus affecting papaya worldwide. This study aimed to determine the phylodynamics of PRSV on papaya in Cuba. For this purpose, orchardand garden papaya crops grown in 47 Cuban municipalities were surveyed from 2008 to 2013, revealing thewidespread distribution of PRSV in Cuba. Phylodynamic analyses performed with the coat protein partial geneof all Cuban PRSV-P isolates (34 sequences) and 107 sequences of isolates from the American continent and theCaribbean islands showed a most recent common ancestor in 1942 (HPD95 % = 1911- 1967). The substitutionrate was estimated to be 7.7 × 10-4 substitutions per site per year (HPD95 % = 4.6 × 10-4-1.1 × 10-3), whichis equivalent to those detected in other RNA viruses. Demographic reconstruction of PRSV showed that viraldiversity increased in the 1985-1990 period, which coincides with the implementation of extensive productionpractices. Moreover, in Cuba viral dispersion introductions were observed to occurre from Mexico and otherunknown ancestral localization. The spatio-temporal diffusion analysis proposed Mexico as an ancestral area forthe origin of diversification in the American continent and suggests new dispersion events between Americanand Caribbean isolates. The observed widespread distribution, clear geographic grouping of Cuban isolates, virusgrowth and genetic diversity provide strong evidence of the PRSV dispersion patterns.Fil: Cabrera Mederos, Dariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatologia y Modelizacion Agricola. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Unidad de Fitopatologia y Modelizacion Agricola.; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Carolina Cecilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Portal, Orelvis. Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas; CubaTercer Seminario Internacional de Sanidad AgropecuariaVaraderoCubaCentro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuari

Caracterización de Xylella fastidiosa a partir de materiales vegetales y cepas aisladas de olivo (Olea europaea L.) e implementación de un sistema de diagnóstico serológico en Argentina

Xylella fastidiosa está considerada plaga cuarentenaria de importancia global por el grave impacto económico y social que ocasiona en cultivos de importancia agrícola. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar y caracterizar cepas bacterianas y muestras vegetales infectadas con X. fastidiosa de plantas de olivo (Olea europaea L.) e implementar un sistema de diagnóstico serológico para su detección. Para la caracterización molecular se utilizó el sistema de tipificación multilocus de secuencias (MLST). Se logró el aislamiento de la bacteria desde olivo y se determinó que todos los materiales caracterizados corresponden a X. fastidiosa subespecie pauca ST69, un grupo genético solo presente en Argentina. Se elaboraron reactivos serológicos fundamentales para la puesta a punto de técnicas de diagnóstico. Con la técnica DAS ELISA se logró un sistema de diagnóstico rápido, robusto y económico, permitiendo resolver la ausencia de disponibilidad continua de reactivos serológicos específicos para X. fastidiosa.Xylella fastidiosa is considered a quarantine pest of global significance due to the severe economic and social damage it causes on most valuable crops. The objective of this work was to isolate and characterize bacterial strains of infected with X. fastidiosa of olive (Olea europaea L.) samples and implement a serological diagnostic system for their detection. For the molecular characterization, the multilocus sequence typing system (MLST) was used. The isolation of the bacterium from the olive tree was achieved and it was determined that all materials characterized correspond to X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST69, a genetic subgroup that has been detected only in Argentina. An antiserum was produced and serological diagnosis systems were adjusted. A solid, fast and economical diagnostic method DAS ELISA system was achieved, solving the continuous lack of availability of serological reagents for X. fastidiosa.Fil: Tolocka, Patricia Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, F. A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Mattio, Maria Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nome, C. F.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Leandro Ismael. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Paccioretti, M. A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Roca, Monica Esther María. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Otero, M. L.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Haelterman, Raquel Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; Argentin

The westward journey of alfalfa leaf curl virus

Alfalfa leaf curl virus (ALCV), which causes severe disease symptoms in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and is transmitted by the widespread aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, has been found throughout the Mediterranean basin as well as in Iran and Argentina. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of ALCV and attempt to determine whether the recent discovery and widespread detection of ALCV is attributable either to past diagnostic biases or to the emergence and global spread of the virus over the past few years. One hundred and twenty ALCV complete genome sequences recovered from ten countries were analyzed and four ALCV genotypes (ALCV-A, ALCV-B, ALCV-C, and ALCV-D) were clearly distinguished. We further confirm that ALCV isolates are highly recombinogenic and that recombination has been a major determinant in the origins of the various genotypes. Collectively, the sequence data support the hypothesis that, of all the analyzed locations, ALCV likely emerged and diversified in the Middle East before spreading to the western Mediterranean basin and Argentina

Effects of Cucumber mosaic virus on yield and yield components of peanut

In Argentina, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is naturally infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), subgroup II. The study involved the evaluation of the effects on yield and yield components in response to CMV infection at different growth stages: 4-6 developed nodes on the main axis (V4-6), 12-16 developed nodes on the main axis (V12-16) and onset of bloom (R1). The results showed that CMV infection significantly reduces peanut seed yield, mainly due to a severe decrease in seed average weight which declined approximately by 30%, 20% and 11% when the virus was inoculated at V4-6, V12-16 and R1, respectively. The number of pods, seeds, and seeds per pod were affected only when the virus was inoculated at V4-6. The percentage of confectionery peanut was also significantly affected when CMV was inoculated at vegetative crop stages. In addition, seed size and weight/volume ratio were greatly affected by the virus since the infected plants produced a higher proportion of small seeds. Larger seeds decreased when the plants were infected at earlier growth stages. Finally, infected plants produced a significantly greater number of immature pods than the healthy ones.Fil: de Breuil, Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Bejerman, Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Lenardon, Sergio Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; Argentin

Effects of Cucumber mosaic virus on yield and yield components of peanut

In Argentina, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is naturally infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), subgroup II. The study involved the evaluation of the effects on yield and yield components in response to CMV infection at different growth stages: 4-6 developed nodes on the main axis (V4-6), 12-16 developed nodes on the main axis (V12-16) and onset of bloom (R1). The results showed that CMV infection significantly reduces peanut seed yield, mainly due to a severe decrease in seed average weight which declined approximately by 30%, 20% and 11% when the virus was inoculated at V4-6, V12-16 and R1, respectively. The number of pods, seeds, and seeds per pod were affected only when the virus was inoculated at V4-6. The percentage of confectionery peanut was also significantly affected when CMV was inoculated at vegetative crop stages. In addition, seed size and weight/volume ratio were greatly affected by the virus since the infected plants produced a higher proportion of small seeds. Larger seeds decreased when the plants were infected at earlier growth stages. Finally, infected plants produced a significantly greater number of immature pods than the healthy ones.Fil: de Breuil, Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Bejerman, Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Lenardon, Sergio Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; Argentin

Development of a full-length infectious clone of sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV)

A full-length cDNA clone (p35SuCMoV) of the sunflower chlorotic mottle virus common strain (SuCMoV-C) genomic RNA was constructed. Three cDNA fragments covering the whole genome of SuCMoV-C were cloned between a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a nopaline synthase terminator. Mechanical inoculation of sunflower and Nicotiana occidentalis seedlings with p35SuCMoV DNA led to systemic infection. Symptoms induced by p35SuCMoV were similar to those caused by the wild-type SuCMoV-C but appeared four days later. Infection was confirmed by a western blot test, electron microscopy, RT-PCR and inoculation of progeny virions to sunflower seedlings. This is the first report about the construction of a biologically active, full-length cDNA copy of the SuCMoV-C RNA genome.Fil: Bejerman, Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: de Breuil, Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lenardon, Sergio Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentin

Molecular characterization of Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus: A member of a distinct species in the genus Potyvirus

The complete nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the C (common) and CRS (chlorotic ringspot) Argentine strains of SuCMoV have been determined. The SuCMoV-C RNA genome consists of 9,965 nt, whereas indels within the P1 coding region of SuCMoV-CRS make its genomic length 15 nt shorter. Nucleotide and aa sequence identities between the polyproteins of the C and CRS strains of SuCMoV were 92.3 and 95.6%, respectively. Pairwise comparisons between the polyproteins of the C and CRS strains of SuCMoV and the viruses of the Potato virus Y (PVY) subgroup revealed identities of 66.5-66.9% at the nt level and 69.7-69. 8% at the aa level. These results and phylogenetic analyses show that although SuCMoV strains cluster together with the potyviruses belonging to the PVY subgroup, SuCMoV should be considered a member of a distinct species in the genus Potyvirus. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.Fil: Bejerman, Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: de Breuil, Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lenardon, Sergio Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentin

Papaya ringspot virus W infecting Luffa aegyptiaca in Cuba

Luffa aegyptiaca (sponge gourd) plants showing severe leaf mosaic and deformation symptoms were observed in Villa Clara, Cuba. Electron microscopy observations of leaf dip preparations revealed flexuous filamentous particles, which were identified as Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) by ELISA test. PRSV was mechanically transmitted to healthy Cucurbita moschata plants. Sequence analysis of the RT-PCR product obtained from the capsid protein gene showed highest identity with other PRSV isolates from United States of America, Australia, Venezuela, Brazil, India and Cuba, ranging between 93.2–96.5% and 93.4–98.1% for nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed two main clusters. Cluster I included isolates from the Americas-Australia group and India, including sponge gourd isolate, while the cluster II included isolates from China, Thailand and Taiwan. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PRSV-W infecting sponge gourd in Cuba.Fil: Cabrera Mederos, Dariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas; Cuba. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Nome, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bejerman, Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Portal Villafaña, Orelvis. Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas; Cub

Aggressiveness of Cuban Papaya ringspot virus Isolates on Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol Roja under Greenhouse Conditions

Carica papaya is a major fruit crop in tropical and subtropicalregions; however, its production has several constraints. Papayaringspot virus (PRSV) is the most important pathogen affectingpapaya plantations. Symptoms induced by a known PRSV isolateon papaya plants after mechanical inoculation were describedto elaborate an evaluation scale under greenhouse conditions.The aggressiveness of 24 Cuban PRSV isolates was determinedby assessing symptom severity induced on papaya plants cv.Maradol roja under greenhouse conditions. An evaluation scale of0 to 6 scores was elaborated based on the observations of PRSVsymptom progress. Symptoms induced by Cuban PRSV isolatesincluded vein clearing, mottling and swelling zones on the adaxialleaf surface, slight deformation of young leaves and distortion.PRSV isolates from Nueva Paz, Güines, and San José de Las Lajasin the west, Sancti Spíritus in the center, and Palma Soriano andPuerto Padre in the east of the country were the most aggressiveaccording to their area under the disease progress curve values.Knowledge about the aggressiveness of this virus is crucial forselecting PRSV isolates to implement management strategies andpapaya breeding programs in Cuba.Fil: Cabrera Mederos, Dariel. Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas; Cuba. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Cruz Martín, Maylin. Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas; CubaFil: Nome, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Portal, Orelvis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Complete nucleotide sequence of Alfalfa mosaic virus isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Argentina

The complete nucleotide sequence of an Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolate infecting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Argentina, AMV-Arg, was determined. The virus genome has the typical organization described for AMV, and comprises 3,643, 2,593, and 2,038 nucleotides for RNA1, 2 and 3, respectively. The whole genome sequence and each encoding region were compared with those of other four isolates that have been completely sequenced from China, Italy, Spain and USA. The nucleotide identity percentages ranged from 95.9 to 99.1 % for the three RNAs and from 93.7 to 99 % for the protein 1 (P1), protein 2 (P2), movement protein and coat protein (CP) encoding regions, whereas the amino acid identity percentages of these proteins ranged from 93.4 to 99.5 %, the lowest value corresponding to P2. CP sequences of AMV-Arg were compared with those of other 25 available isolates, and the phylogenetic analysis based on the CP gene was carried out. The highest percentage of nucleotide sequence identity of the CP gene was 98.3 % with a Chinese isolate and 98.6 % at the amino acid level with four isolates, two from Italy, one from Brazil and the remaining one from China. The phylogenetic analysis showed that AMV-Arg is closely related to subgroup I of AMV isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a complete nucleotide sequence of AMV from South America and the first worldwide report of complete nucleotide sequence of AMV isolated from alfalfa as natural host.Fil: Trucco, Verónica Milagros. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: de Breuil, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bejerman, Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Lenardon, Sergio Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Giolitti, Fabián José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin