Sound-contingent visual motion aftereffect

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>After a prolonged exposure to a paired presentation of different types of signals (e.g., color and motion), one of the signals (color) becomes a driver for the other signal (motion). This phenomenon, which is known as contingent motion aftereffect, indicates that the brain can establish new neural representations even in the adult's brain. However, contingent motion aftereffect has been reported only in visual or auditory domain. Here, we demonstrate that a visual motion aftereffect can be contingent on a specific sound.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Dynamic random dots moving in an alternating right or left direction were presented to the participants. Each direction of motion was accompanied by an auditory tone of a unique and specific frequency. After a 3-minutes exposure, the tones began to exert marked influence on the visual motion perception, and the percentage of dots required to trigger motion perception systematically changed depending on the tones. Furthermore, this effect lasted for at least 2 days.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicate that a new neural representation can be rapidly established between auditory and visual modalities.</p

Sound Frequency and Aural Selectivity in Sound-Contingent Visual Motion Aftereffect

BACKGROUND: One possible strategy to evaluate whether signals in different modalities originate from a common external event or object is to form associations between inputs from different senses. This strategy would be quite effective because signals in different modalities from a common external event would then be aligned spatially and temporally. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that after adaptation to visual apparent motion paired with alternating auditory tones, the tones begin to trigger illusory motion perception to a static visual stimulus, where the perceived direction of visual lateral motion depends on the order in which the tones are replayed. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. One important approach to understanding the mechanisms is to examine whether the effect has some selectivity in auditory processing. However, it has not yet been determined whether this aftereffect can be transferred across sound frequencies and between ears. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two circles placed side by side were presented in alternation, producing apparent motion perception, and each onset was accompanied by a tone burst of a specific and unique frequency. After exposure to this visual apparent motion with tones for a few minutes, the tones became drivers for illusory motion perception. However, the aftereffect was observed only when the adapter and test tones were presented at the same frequency and to the same ear. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that the auditory processing underlying the establishment of novel audiovisual associations is selective, potentially but not necessarily indicating that this processing occurs at an early stage

Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance:an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis

Regional and subtype-specific mutational patterns of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) are essential for informing first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapy guidelines and designing diagnostic assays for use in regions where standard genotypic resistance testing is not affordable. We sought to understand the molecular epidemiology of TDR and to identify the HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations responsible for TDR in different regions and virus subtypes.status: publishe

High Radiative Low NOx Flat Flame Oxy-Fuel Burner

This paper describes the investigation on the characteristics of oxygen natural gas flames, to develop high performance oxy-fuel burners for glass melters. High radiative characteristics and low NOx emission are aimed at. The experiments first tested generic burners with an annular oxygen injector and a single-hole gas nozzle in the center. The flame showed higher radiative characteristics with relatively high luminosity and high NOx emission. The experiment then tested the FDI (fuel direct injection) burners equipped with one fuel gas nozzle in the center and two parallel oxygen nozzles at upper and lower positions of the fuel nozzle. The FDI technique, which was already utilized for low NOx emission for highly preheated air combustion, showed very low NOx emission with relatively low radiative characteristics. To obtain both high radiative characteristics with low NOx emission, an innovative FDI flat flame burner equipped with one fuel gas nozzle in the center and two inclined oxygen nozzles at upper and lower positions of the fuel nozzle was tested. A few degrees inclination of the oxygen nozzles created widely spread flat flame, resulting in substantial improvement of radiative heat while maintaining NOx emission remarkably low. The results of this study was finally led the FDI flat flame oxy-fuel burner that creates high radiative heat with low NOx emission

Thermal and NOx Characteristics of High Performance Oxy Fuel Flames

This paper describes an investigation on the characteristics of oxy-natural gas flames. Experimental investigations were conducted to gain a detailed understanding of oxy-fuel combustion and to develop high performance oxy-fuel flames. The investigation used a semi-industrial scale test furnace with a thermal input of 265 kW and tested various types of flames while monitoring the characteristics of thermal radiation and NOx emission from the flames. A generic burner with an annular oxygen injector and a single-hole gas nozzle in the center was used. A wide range of velocities of gas as well as oxygen was tested to generate various flame characteristics. Gas and oxygen velocity demonstrated a great influence on the radiative heat flux and NOx emission from flames. A lower velocity of oxygen and gas gave a higher total radiative flux with a relatively higher luminous flame and higher NOx emission which was mainly due to air leakage into the furnace. A novel combustion technique was then used based on the results gained from the generic burners. The FDI (fuel direct injection) technique was used, which was already utilized for ultra low NOx emission from high temperature preheated-air combustion. Along with the experimental approach, numerical analysis was made to gain understanding of the flame characteristics. CFD calculation showed an the effect of entrainment of the combustion products into the main stream of the flame on the thermal radiation and NOx characteristics of flames. The results are expected to help the design of optimum high performance oxy-natural gas flames for high temperature processes such as glass melting furnaces

き裂と切欠きにおける大規模降伏条件下の力学的厳しさの尺度

第1章 序論 第2章 小規模降伏条件下の強度評価 第3章 大規模降伏条件下の強度評価-非線形き裂力学,非線形切欠き力学の提案- 第4章 非線形き裂力学 第5章 非線形切欠き力学 第6章 非線形き裂力学および非線形切欠き力学の有用性 第7章 結論Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-10T06:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 fujisaki1.pdf: 10255439 bytes, checksum: 32ab5529a4eeca3b7494968442bb0db2 (MD5) fujisaki2.pdf: 5564684 bytes, checksum: 0b7e5e40966454790dadd7d883d27130 (MD5) fujisaki3.pdf: 15339286 bytes, checksum: 1f4be704ebe72fdccca5711c096f5c82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994-05-23主1-参1工学_機械科

Characteristics of MFS analysis for finite plate problems with a hole

Abstract By using the method of fundamental solutions (MFS), an accurate stress field can be obtained in infinite problems. One of the authors has been improving the source loads of the MFS program based on the collocation method to be able to calculate the maximum stress of the notch problem correctly. It is found that the improved MFS, which uses the equally dispersed point loads (EDPL), gives the good accuracy for some infinite problems with high stress concentration factor. To confirm the accuracy, the index of the balanced forces was also proposed. Although, in case of the finite plate with a hole, the stability of accuracy mainly depends on the allocation of the collocation points and the source points. Therefore, in this study, we examine and clarify the proper allocation of the source loads in some finite plates including a center hole with internal pressure