Dietary intake, lung function and airway inflammation in Mexico City school children exposed to air pollutants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Air pollutant exposure has been associated with an increase in inflammatory markers and a decline in lung function in asthmatic children. Several studies suggest that dietary intake of fruits and vegetables might modify the adverse effect of air pollutants.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 158 asthmatic children recruited at the Children's Hospital of Mexico and 50 non-asthmatic children were followed for 22 weeks. Pulmonary function was measured and nasal lavage collected and analyzed every 2 weeks. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 108-item food frequency questionnaire and a fruit and vegetable index (FVI) and a Mediterranean diet index (MDI) were constructed. The impact of these indices on lung function and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and their interaction with air pollutants were determined using mixed regression models with random intercept and random slope.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>FVI was inversely related to IL-8 levels in nasal lavage (p < 0.02) with a significant inverse trend (test for trend p < 0.001), MDI was positively related to lung function (p < 0.05), and children in the highest category of MDI had a higher FEV₁(test for trend p < 0.12) and FVC (test for trend p < 0.06) than children in the lowest category. A significant interaction was observed between FVI and ozone for FEV₁and FVC as was with MDI and ozone for FVC. No effect of diet was observed among healthy children.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that fruit and vegetable intake and close adherence to the Mediterranean diet have a beneficial effect on inflammatory response and lung function in asthmatic children living in Mexico City.</p

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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The long-lasting sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors induced by inflammation involves prostanoid and dopaminergic systems in mice

In recent years, evidence that sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors is an important event associated with chronic pain has been accumulating. The present study aimed to evaluate the participation of the prostaglandin and sympathetic components in the long-lasting sensitization of nociceptors induced by acute inflammation in mice. The intraplantar administration of carrageenan (100 mu g) enhanced the nociceptive response to a small dose of PGE(2) (9 ng/paw) or dopamine (3 mu g/paw) up to 30 days later. This long-lasting sensitization is dependent on dopaminergic and prostanoid systems, since the pre-treatment with chlorpromazine (3 mu g/paw) or indomethacin (100 mu g/paw), but not local (6 mu g/paw) or systemic (6 mg/kg) treatment with morphine, prevented its development. In agreement with this idea, the previous intraplantar administration of hyperalgesic doses of PGE(2) or dopamine also induced long-lasting sensitization, which was fully prevented by pretreatment with EP4 and D-1 antagonists, respectively. In summary, the present work described in mice a long-lasting sensitization of nociceptors, initiated by an acute inflammatory stimulation and dependent on dopaminergic and prostanoid systems. The present data represent new insights on the mechanisms of peripheral sensitization that could contribute to establish the basis of new therapeutic strategies for acute and chronic inflammatory pain. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.103367868

Impedance Response and Dielectric Relaxation in Liquid-Phase Sintered Zn2SnO4-SnO2 Ceramics

Impedance/admittance and dielectric spectroscopy were used to investigate the effect of temperature on the electrical response of liquid-phase sintered Zn2SnO4-SnO2 ceramics. The measurements were performed over a wide frequency range (100 Hz to 10 MHz) at different temperatures. The real and the imaginary part of the complex impedance traced semicircles in the complex plane. The resistance and the capacitance of bulk and grain-boundary regions were determined by modeling the experimental results using several equivalent circuits taking into account bulk deep trap states. Admittance complex diagrams were also determined in order to understand better the conduction mechanisms occurring in the polycrystalline Zn2SnO4-SnO2 system