Lula, el presidente "lengua-floja"

Se estudian discursos del presidente Lula sobre la crisis económica de 2008, describiéndose estrategias discursivas a través de las cuales ciertas dimensiones del discurso económico son transformadas por operaciones enunciativas para explicar la crisis. El presidente utiliza, con ese fin, operadores del lenguaje coloquial (metáforas, figuras de lenguaje) y construcciones discursivas asociadas a su biografía y al “mundo de la vida” de interlocutores más próximos a su experiencia lingüística y cultural. Esta modalidad discursiva busca restaurar algo que los economistas y los mercados fallaron en instaurar o “erraron mucho” al intentar hacerlo: la noción de confianza.Speeches by President Lula about the economic crisis of 2008 are studied, describing the discursive strategies through which dimensions of economic discourse are transformed by enunciative operations to explain the crisis. The president makes use of operators of colloquial language (metaphors, figures of speech and discursive constructions associated with his biography) and with the “world of life” of partners close to his cultural and linguistic experience. This discursive mode aims to restore something that economists and the markets have failed or far missed: the notion of trust.Fil: Neto, Antonio Fausto. UNISINOS; Brasi

Biomechanical comparison of shorts with different pads: An Insight into the Perineum Protection Issue

An intensive use of the bicycle may increase the risk of erectile dysfunction and the compression of the perineal area has been showed to be a major mechanism leading to sexual alterations compromising the quality of life. Manufacturers claim that pads contribute to increase cyclists perineal protection ensuring a high level of comfort. To investigate the influence of various cycling pads with regard to perineal protection and level of comfort. Nine club road cyclists rode 20 min on a drum simulator, located at the Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, at a constant speed and gear ratio wearing the shorts with 3 cycling pads of different design and thickness: basic (BAS), intermediate (INT), and endurance (END). Kinematics and pressure data were recorded at min 5, 15, and 20 of the test using a motion capture system and a pressure sensor mat. The variables of interest were: 3-dimensional pelvis excursions, peak pressure, mean pressure, and vertical force. The comfort level was assessed with a ranking order based on the subjects' perception after the 20-min trials and measuring the vertical ground reaction force under the anterior wheel as well as the length of the center of pressure (COP) trajectory on the saddle. Results showed that the vertical force and the average value of mean pressure on the saddle significantly decreased during the 20-min period of testing for BAS and END. Mean peak pressure on the corresponding perineal cyclist area significantly increased only for BAS during the 20-min period. Interestingly objective comfort indexes measured did not match cyclists subjective comfort evaluation. The lower capacity of BAS to reduce the peak pressure on the corresponding perineal area after 20 min of testing, together with its positive comfort evaluation, suggest that a balance between protection and perceived comfort should be taken into account in the choice of the pad. Hence, the quantitative approach of objective comfort indexes introduced in this study could be helpful for manufacturers in the development of their protective pads

Industries without smokestacks: Mozambique country case study

Under the current international economic conditions, where Asian countries are strong competitors in the manufacturing commodities, low-income countries like Mozambique could attempt to compete in industries without smokestacks. Fruits and vegetables, agro-processing goods, and various tradable services are estimated to have contributed 1.9 per cent to annual average gross domestic product growth in 1993-2015, when the aggregate growth was 7.8 per cent. Around 80 per cent of the total labour force is dedicated to primary activities, producing 25 per cent of the aggregated value added in 2013-2015. The share of services in total exports was only 17 per cent in 2012-14. Although still relatively small, these industries have potential for growth, if Mozambique follows a diversified growth strategy

Comportamiento del tipo de cambio real y desempeño económico en México

An ARCH (Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) model is used to obtain the variances over time for the real exchange rata (RER) (peso/dollar) in Mexico. Then a model is constructed to establish the relationship between the RER variability and exports and Mexican GDP, respectively. A negative relationship is found which suggests that not only the level but the stability of the RER is important in explaining economic performance in an open economy. Furthermore, an alternative measure of RER misalignment is developed which, in turn, is shown to be negatively related with economic performance in Mexico. These results suggest that more stable exchange rate regimes should be adopted to create an environment suitable for economic growth.

¿Sirve el trabajo penitenciario para la reinserción? : un estudio a partir de las opiniones de los presos de las cárceles de Cataluña

Este texto se basa en una investigación realizada en el «Centre de Recerca de la Vida Quotidiana i el Treball » (QUIT), de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, sobre el trabajo en las prisiones en Cataluña. Nuestras hipótesis de partida han sido: el trabajo y la adquisición de un oficio contribuyen a la reinserción laboral y, con ello, a la futura inserción social de los presos; y cuantos más medios ponga el sistema penitenciario en esta cuestión, mejor cumplirá con la función que la sociedad le encomienda. Para la realización del estudio nos hemos basado en una encuesta a una muestra aleatoria, representativa de los internos que trabajan en los talleres de las nueve cárceles de Cataluña, que hemos complementado con entrevistas en profundidad a expertos y responsables del sistema penitenciario y con visitas a varios talleres y entrevistas exploratorias con presos de cada taller. El resultado del estudio ha permitido constatar que el trabajo adquiere varias funciones. De entrada, proporciona un salario a los reclusos, que les permite cubrir necesidades personales o de ayuda a la familia. El trabajo contribuye a pasar mejor el tiempo en prisión y evitar situaciones conflictivas. Asimismo, proporciona hábitos laborales y mejora las relaciones sociales. Pese a que son pocos los empleos en talleres que aportan aprendizaje de un oficio, los internos lo valoran positivamente por cuanto les ayuda a «normalizar » la vida cotidiana en la cárcel, al mismo tiempo que les abre expectativas de futura reinserción.This paper is based on a research project carried out by the «Centre de Recerca del Treball i la Vida Quotidiana» (QUIT) of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona on prison work in Catalonia. Our starting hypotheses were as follows: working and learning a trade contribute to reintegration into the labour market and thereby to the future social integration of inmates; and the more resources the penitentiary system in question provides, the better it will fulfil the duty that society entrusts to it. For the basis of our study we used a representative survey of inmates who work in the nine prisons of Catalonia. In addition, we conducted in-depth interviews with experts and people in charge of the penitentiary system, and visited various prison workshops to observe the inmates at work and conduct interviews with them. The result of the study has allowed us to confirm that prison work acquires several functions. Firstly, it provides inmates with earnings that enable them to meet personal or family needs. Working in prison allows them to make better use of their time and helps to avoid conflictive situations. It also provides working habits and improves social relationships. In spite of the fact that only a few of the jobs enable inmates to learn a trade, they appreciate the work they do inasmuch as it helps them to «normalise» everyday life in prison, while at the same time offering them prospects for future reintegration

Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, atypical connexin GJB2 genemutation, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma: more than a random association?

Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a variety of skin lesions— that is, palmoplantar keratoderma, thickening of the skin, and erythematous verrucous lesions—neurosensorial hypoacusia, and keratitis with a variable degree of visual impairment. Both sporadic and familial forms of the syndrome have been described, the latter usually showing a dominant pattern of inheritance. The molecular lesion responsible for the syndrome typically involves the connexin 26 (Cx26) gene (GJB2). Most patients display the heterozygous c.148G→A mutation causing the substitution of an aspartic acid for an asparagine at position 50 (p.Asp50Asn), while a few of them show the c.50C→T mutation, implying the substitution of a serine for a phenylalanine at position 17 (p.Ser17Phe). However, even a mutation in the connexin 30 (Cx30) gene (GJB6) has been found in a typical KID patient, thus suggesting a genetic heterogeneity of the syndrome. As connexins are a large family of small integral membrane proteins which influence tissue cornification by modulating the establishment of direct cell-cell communication through gap junction channels, it is likely that defects involving this class of proteins are at the basis of the wellknown increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in KID patients

“aplicación computacional del modelo matematico de buckley y leverett para predecir el comportamiento de un yacimiento sometido a una inyección de agua”

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo ilustrar a los estudiantes de la facultad de ingenierías en ciencias de la tierra en especifico a los estudiantes de Ingeniería en Petróleo que estén cursando la materia Recuperación Secundaria de Petróleo, la de Implementar una herramienta computacional para ilustrar datos reales y valores aproximados de un método de predicción matemática de recuperación secundaria de petróleo. El método de predicción es el de Buckley y leverett la cual asume algunas condiciones fundamentadas en la teoría de desplazamiento, a una taza de inyección de agua constante y como resultado el volumen del petróleo desplazado a cualquier tiempo, la tasa de producción de petróleo y el volumen de agua que se tiene que inyectar por cada volumen de petróleo producido

An integrative dynamic model of Colombian population distribution, based on the maximum entropy principle and matter, energy, and information flow

Human society has increased its capacity to exploit natural resources thanks to new technologies, which are one of the results of information exchange in the knowledge society. Many approaches to understanding the interactions between human society and natural systems have been developed in the last decades, and some have included considerations about information. However, none of them has considered information as an active variable or flowing entity in the human–natural/social-ecological system, or, moreover, even as a driving force of their interactions. This paper explores these interactions in socio-ecological systems by briefly introducing a conceptual frame focused on the exchange of information, matter, and energy. The human population is presented as a convergence variable of these three physical entities, and a population distribution model for Colombia is developed based on the maximum entropy principle to integrate the balances of related variables as macro-state restrictions. The selected variables were electrical consumption, water demand, and higher education rates (energy, matter, and information). The final model includes statistical moments for previous population distributions. It is shown how population distribution can be predicted yearly by combining these variables, allowing future dynamics exploration. The implications of this model can contribute to bridging information sciences and sustainability studies