123 research outputs found
Method for orthorectification of terrestrial radar maps
International audienceThe vehicle-based PELICAN radar system is used in the context of mobile mapping. The R-SLAM algorithm allows simultaneous retrieval of the vehicle trajectory and of the map of the environment. As the purpose of PELICAN is to provide a means for gathering spatial information, the impact of distortion caused by the topography is not negligible. This article proposes an orthorectification process to correct panoramic radar images and the consequent R-SLAM trajectory and radar map. The a priori knowledge of the area topography is provided by a digital elevation model. By applying the method to the data obtained from a path with large variations in altitude it is shown that the corrected panoramic radar images are contracted by the orthorectification process. The efficiency of the orthorectification process is assessed firstly by comparing R-SLAM trajectories to a GPS trajectory and secondly by comparing the position of Ground Control Points on the radar map with their GPS position. The RMS positioning error moves from 5.56 m for the raw radar map to 0.75 m for the orthorectified radar map
Relevance of Lipid-Based Products in the Management of Dry Eye Disease
Components of the ocular surface synergistically contribute to maintaining and protecting a smooth refractive layer to facilitate the optimal transmission of light. At the air-water interface, the tear film lipid layer (TFLL), a mixture of lipids and proteins, plays a key role in tear surface tension and is important for the physiological hydration of the ocular surface and for ocular homeostasis. Alterations in tear fluid rheology, differences in lipid composition, or downregulation of specific tear proteins are found in most types of ocular surface disease, including dry eye disease (DED). Artificial tears have long been a first line of treatment in DED and aim to replace or supplement tears. More recently, lipid-containing eye drops have been developed to more closely mimic the combination of aqueous and lipid layers of the TFLL. Over the last 2 decades, our understanding of the nature and importance of lipids in the tear film in health and disease has increased substantially. The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of our current understanding of tear film properties and review the effectiveness of lipid-based products in the treatment of DED. Liposome lid sprays, emulsion eye drops, and other lipid-containing formulations are discussed.Peer reviewe
Chronic pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and impaired alveolar fluid clearance
BACKGROUND: While the functional consequences of acute pulmonary infections are widely documented, few studies focused on chronic pneumonia. We evaluated the consequences of chronic Pseudomonas lung infection on alveolar function. METHODS: P. aeruginosa, included in agar beads, was instilled intratracheally in Sprague Dawley rats. Analysis was performed from day 2 to 21, a control group received only sterile agar beads. Alveolar-capillary barrier permeability, lung liquid clearance (LLC) and distal alveolar fluid clearance (DAFC) were measured using a vascular ((131)I-Albumin) and an alveolar tracer ((125)I-Albumin). RESULTS: The increase in permeability and LLC peaked on the second day, to return to baseline on the fifth. DAFC increased independently of TNF-α or endogenous catecholamine production. Despite the persistence of the pathogen within the alveoli, DAFC returned to baseline on the 5(th )day. Stimulation with terbutaline failed to increase DAFC. Eradication of the pathogen with ceftazidime did not restore DAFC response. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, we observe an adequate initial alveolar response to increased permeability with an increase of DAFC. However, DAFC increase does not persist after the 5(th )day and remains unresponsive to stimulation. This impairment of DAFC may partly explain the higher susceptibility of chronically infected patients to subsequent lung injury
AFLP linkage map of the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica
The quail is a valuable farm and laboratory animal. Yet molecular
information about this species remains scarce. We present here the
first genetic linkage map of the Japanese quail. This comprehensive
map is based solely on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
markers. These markers were developed and genotyped in an F2 progeny from a
cross between two lines of quail differing in stress reactivity. A
total of 432 polymorphic AFLP markers were detected with 24
TaqI/EcoRI primer combinations. On average, 18 markers
were produced per primer combination. Two hundred and fifty eight of
the polymorphic markers were assigned to 39 autosomal linkage groups
plus the ZW sex chromosome linkage groups. The linkage groups range
from 2 to 28Â markers and from 0.0 to 195.5Â cM. The AFLP map covers a
total length of 1516Â cM, with an average genetic distance between two
consecutive markers of 7.6Â cM. This AFLP map can be enriched with
other marker types, especially mapped chicken genes that will enable
to link the maps of both species and make use of the powerful
comparative mapping approach. This AFLP map of the Japanese quail
already provides an efficient tool for quantitative trait loci (QTL)
mapping
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs): nouveaux modulateurs de la synthÚse et de la libération de l'hormone folliculo- stimulante (FSH)
Reproductive function requires the secretion of the gonadotropins, luteinizing
hormone (LH) and follicle -stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesized by the gonadotrope cells.
A tight control of the production of these hormones is crucial, particularly in females, to
coordinate the terminal follicular growth, the follicle selection as well as the timing and the
number of ovulation. Synthesis and release of both gonadotropins are controlled by
hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadal steroids (progesterone
and oestradiol). Despite these common regulators, divergences in the circulating patterns of
LH and FSH are often encountered. Such divergences have suggested that other factors are
specifically implicated in the control of FSH production. Inhibins and activins, members of
the Transforming Growth Factor -Beta (TGF -(3) superfamily, inhibit and stimulate respectively
FSH synthesis and release. These gonadal factors are also produced in the pituitary where
they act as paracrine factors. Other molecules of the TGF -13 superfamily, the Bone
Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) have recently been involved for their action in reproduction
at ovary level. Whether BMPs act at pituitary level and participate with other factors to
regulate FSH production in females is not elucidated. In order to extend our knowledge of the
differential regulation of FSH and LH synthesis, this question was addressed in this study and
developed around three purposes:ped around three purposes: - Are BMPs and receptors expressed in pituitary? What are their effects on
gonadotropin production? Does the natural mutation of BMPR -IB in ewes have an effect at
pituitary level?- What are the mechanisms of BMPs action at intracellular level?- Is the mouse gonadotrope cell line LÎTâ a good model to analyse BMP action on
FSH production?Answering to these questions should help to better understand the mechanisms which
control the fertility in females.Before presenting the results, some data concerning the gonadotropins and the
differential control of their synthesis and release are developed followed by a focus on BMP
effects on reproduction. The mechanisms of action of BMPs, as well as activin are also
detailed
Les mycoses superficielles cutanĂ©o-muqueuses (enquĂȘte Ă l'officine et propositions de conseils aux patients)
La progression de l'incidence des mycoses cutanĂ©o-muqueuses superficielles nous ont incitĂ© Ă rĂ©aliser une enquĂȘte en officine, afin d'Ă©tablir les caractĂ©ristiques des mycoses superficielles rencontrĂ©es et leur prise en charge. Les rĂ©sultats de cette enquĂȘte se rĂ©vĂšlent globalement conformes aux caractĂ©ristiques des mycoses dĂ©crites dans la littĂ©rature. Ces mycoses sont difficiles Ă diagnostiquer et Ă traiter. Un prĂ©lĂšvement n'est effectuĂ© que dans 25 % des cas et 50 % des mycoses sont rĂ©cidivantes. Elles ont des rĂ©percussions psychiques, physiques, sociales ou professionnelles trĂšs gĂȘnantes. Le rĂŽle du pharmacien est primordial dans l'optimisation de la prise en charge de ces mycoses. Il doit orienter les malades vers un mĂ©decin spĂ©cialiste si nĂ©cessaire, contrĂŽler les prescriptions, expliquer prĂ©cisĂ©ment les traitements aux malades et leur conseiller plus systĂ©matiquement un traitement limitant les facteurs favorisants. La diffusion de brochures de conseils est un des moyens permettant de lutter contre les facteurs favorisants ces mycoses, d'amĂ©liorer leur prise en charge et de prĂ©venir leurs rĂ©cidives.GRENOBLE1-BU MĂ©decine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Apport d'une technique de biologie molĂ©culaire (ONYCHODIAGĂ, Bioadvance) dans le diagnostic biologique des onychomycoses
Les onychomycoses sont des pathologies frĂ©quemment rencontrĂ©es en dermatologie, reprĂ©sentant jusqu'Ă 50% des onychopathies. Leur prĂ©valence est en constante augmentation depuis quelques annĂ©es. Les facteurs de risque en sont multiples. Dans la majoritĂ© des cas c'est un dermatophyte qui est identifiĂ©, mais des levures et des moisissures peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre isolĂ©es en culture. Parmi les dermatophytes, T.rubrum reprĂ©sente Ă lui seul de 70% Ă plus de 90% des identifications selon les Ă©tudes. Mais malgrĂ© l'aspect souvent trĂšs Ă©vocateur de certaines altĂ©rations unguĂ©ales, le diagnostic d'une onychopathie d'origine fongique nĂ©cessite l'identification du champignon en cause, afin de pouvoir mettre en place un traitement adaptĂ©. L'examen direct et la mise en culture de l'Ă©chantillon sont les deux techniques classiquement employĂ©es, mais directement conditionnĂ©es par la qualitĂ© du prĂ©lĂšvement. La technique que nous avons Ă©tudiĂ©e (ONYCHODIAGĂ, Bioadvance) est basĂ©e sur l'amplification, par PCR, du domaine V4 du gĂšne de la sous-unitĂ© ribosomale 18S. La rĂ©vĂ©lation de la prĂ©sence d'ADN dermatophytique dans l'Ă©chantillon est ensuite effectuĂ©e en format microplaque de type ELISA. Une lecture de densitĂ© optique permet ensuite de classer les Ă©chantillons en trois groupes : Ă©chantillon contenant de l'ADN de dermatophyte, Ă©chantillon situĂ© dans une zone douteuse et Ă©chantillon ne contenant pas d'ADN de dermatophyte. Nous avons comparĂ© les rĂ©sultats obtenus par cette technique Ă ceux des techniques classiques. Parmi les 100 Ă©chantillons Ă©tudiĂ©s, 56 se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s positifs en culture. Un dermatophyte a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© dans 75% des cas, T.rubrum reprĂ©sentant 64,3% des cultures positives (36 Ă©chantillons) et T.mentagrophytes variĂ©tĂ© interdigitale (6 Ă©chantillons). Le dermatophyte peut ĂȘtre retrouvĂ© seul, associĂ© Ă une levure ou, Ă une moisissure. OnychodiagĂ confirme la prĂ©sence de dermatophyte pour 81% des cultures ayant permis leur isolement. Le rĂ©sultat est discordant pour 8 cultures : 2 Ă©chantillons sont classĂ©s en zone grise et 6 Ă©chantillons sont rendus nĂ©gatifs par la PCR alors qu'un dermatophyte avait Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence en culture. Des levures et des moisissures ont Ă©tĂ© isolĂ©es dans 14 Ă©chantillons, la prĂ©sence d'ADN de dermatophyte par PCR est mise en Ă©vidence pour 3 d'entre eux. Enfin, pour 44 Ă©chantillons dont la culture est restĂ©e stĂ©rile, la PCR dĂ©tecte la prĂ©sence d'ADN de dermatophyte pour 15 d'entre eux, 13 ayant un examen direct positif. La spĂ©cificitĂ© de 91 % et la sensibilitĂ© de 81% pour cette technique PCR la rend donc plus sensible et spĂ©cifique que les techniques de diagnostic classique. MĂȘme si elle nĂ©cessite quelques matĂ©riels spĂ©cifiques de biologie molĂ©culaire, elle reste accessible. Son avantage est de permettre un diagnostic rapide d'une onychomycose Ă dermatophyte, par la mise en Ă©vidence de l'ADN fongique directement Ă partir du prĂ©lĂšvement. Le rĂ©sultat peut ĂȘtre obtenu en 48h, mais elle ne permet pas un diagnostic d'espĂšce. Elle semble donc peu adaptable Ă d'autres prĂ©lĂšvements tels que la peau ou les cheveux, pour lesquels l'identification est indispensable. La PCR ne permettant pas de mettre en Ă©vidence la prĂ©sence de levures et de moisissures, Ă©tiologie non exceptionnelle d'onychomycoses et ne pouvant ĂȘtre ignorĂ©e, elle ne remplace pas la culture mais vient en complĂ©ment de celle-ci. Le coĂ»t Ă©levĂ© est Ă©galement un Ă©lĂ©ment Ă prendre en compte. Par contre, cette technique prĂ©sente un grand intĂ©rĂȘt pour les Ă©chantillons qui mettraient en dĂ©faut les techniques classiques de diagnostic, du fait d'un traitement antifongique ou par la mauvaise qualitĂ© du prĂ©lĂšvement effectuĂ© par du personnel non expĂ©rimentĂ©.GRENOBLE1-BU MĂ©decine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Diagnostic sérologique de l amibiase à Entamoeba histolytica (validation d un nouveau test ELISA au CHU de Grenoble)
L amibiase viscĂ©rale Ă Entamoeba histolytica est une protozoose dont la prĂ©valence est Ă©levĂ©e en milieu tropical en raison des mauvaises conditions d'hygiĂšne fĂ©cale. Dans les pays tempĂ©rĂ©s, les patients concernĂ©s sont les immigrĂ©s et les touristes revenant des zones d endĂ©mies. Elle se manifeste par un abcĂšs, le plus souvent hĂ©patique. Les symptĂŽmes sont des douleurs abdominales, de la fiĂšvre et une hĂ©patomĂ©galie. Pour le diagnostic, il faut intĂ©grer les donnĂ©es symptomatologiques, Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et biologiques des patients. La sĂ©rologie reprĂ©sente une grande part de cette Ă©quation. Le test Ă©valuĂ© dans cette Ă©tude rĂ©trospective est une technique immunoenzymatique, l ELISA. Cent soixante dix sĂ©rums de patients du CHU de Grenoble appartenant Ă 4 groupes : amibiase viscĂ©rale (n=52), amibiase intestinale (n=7), non amibiens (n=71), autres parasitoses (n=40), et un cinquiĂšme groupe constituĂ© par des donneurs de sang (n=99), ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s. La sensibilitĂ© de ce test est de 100%, les spĂ©cificitĂ©s sont de 88.7% (non amibiens) et de 96% (donneurs de sang). Les autres rĂ©actifs ELISA prĂ©sents actuellement sur le marchĂ© international possĂšdent une sensibilitĂ© lĂ©gĂšrement plus faible (95% en moyenne) et une spĂ©cificitĂ© Ă©quivalente (95% en moyenne chez les donneurs de sang). Les efficacitĂ©s des deux techniques sĂ©rologiques utilisĂ©es en routine au CHU de Grenoble: immunofluorescence (95.1%) et latex (94.3%), sont sensiblement les mĂȘmes que celle du test Ă©valuĂ© (93.5%). Cette nouvelle trousse diagnostique est tout aussi performante que celles disponibles actuellement disponibles sur le marchĂ©. Elle trouvera toute sa place dans la stratĂ©gie diagnostique actuelle de l amibiase viscĂ©rale.GRENOBLE1-BU MĂ©decine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF
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