Panorama da indústria do etanol combustível no Brasil

As flutuações mercadológicas do barril de petróleo e suas perspectivas de esgotamento, bem como a preocupação com o meio ambiente, fizeram surgir à necessidade de procurar novas fontes de energia renováveis. Este trabalho apresenta o etanol como uma fonte de energia alternativa, mostrando como foi seu surgimento no século XX, sua variação mercadológica ao longo do século, a criação do PróÁlcool em meados da década de 1970 e o surgimento dos carros flex fuel em 2003. Com o aumento da sua demanda e a necessidade de aumentar sua produção sem competição com a agricultura de alimentos, existem vários investimentos em tecnologias para produzir etanol a partir de resíduos agroindustriais, o etanol de segunda geração. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, onde foi realizado um levantamento do histórico do setor sucroalcooleiro em sítios eletrônicos e consultas em banco de dados renomados (ANP, BNDES, CGEE, ÚNICA). O trabalho mostra as tecnologias mais utilizadas frente ao etanol combustível e suas mudanças mercadológicas

Clinical and laboratory parameters as predictors of long-term outcome according to the etiology of underlying chronic liver disease in patients who underwent liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze clinical and laboratory parameters and their association with longterm outcomes in patients who underwent liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, according to the etiology of the underlying chronic liver disease, in order to identify predictors of response to this therapeutic modality. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from a cohort of 134 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment at a referral center in Brazil were retrospectively selected and compared according to the etiologic group of the underlying chronic liver disease. Events, defined as tumor recurrence or death from any cause, and event-free survival were also analyzed, and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: The etiologies comprised hepatitis C and B virus infection, alcohol abuse, and cryptogenic disorder. Although liver transplantation was performed outside the Milan criteria in 33.3% of the subjects, according to pathologic examination of the explanted liver, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was low (o22) in most patients (70.6%) and recurrence was identified in only 10 (7.9%) patients. Events occurred in 37 patients (28.5%), and the median event-free survival was 75 months (range, 24-116 months). No difference among etiologic groups was found in the parameters analyzed, which were not independently associated with outcome. CONCLUSION: Clinical and laboratory characteristics according to etiologic groups were not different, which might have led to comparable long-term outcomes among these patient groups and failure to identify predictors that could aid in better selection of subjects for liver transplantation in the management of this cancer

Repercussões para saúde mental de profissionais de enfermagem atuantes no enfrentamento à Covid-19: revisão integrativa

Objective:  To identify the repercussions on mental health of nursing professionals who are in the face of Covid-19 in the first year of the pandemic context. Method:  integrative literature review conducted in May 2021 in the electronic databases SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS). Results:  1,249 publications were found whose application of inclusion, exclusion and critical reading criteria culminated in the analysis of 18 articles from experiences from China, Turkey, Italy, Canada, United States, Philippines, Brazil, Portugal and Ethiopia. The main repercussions involved in mental illness were anxiety, depression, stress, Burnout syndrome, mental sleep disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: The mental health of nurses is extremely fragile in the face of the pandemic context. This emergency in world health eventually triggered physical, emotional and psychological consequences in these workers.Objetivo: identificar as repercussões na saúde mental de profissionais de enfermagem atuantes no enfrentamento da Covid-19 no primeiro ano do contexto pandêmico. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura realizada em maio de 2021 nas bases de dados eletrônicas SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Resultados: foram encontradas 1249 publicações cuja aplicação de critérios de inclusão, exclusão e leitura crítica, culminou na análise de 18 artigos provenientes de vivências da China, Turquia, Itália, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Filipinas, Brasil, Portugal e Etiópia. As principais repercussões envolvidas no adoecimento mental foram: ansiedade, depressão, estresse, síndrome de Burnout, transtornos mentais do sono e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Conclusão: a saúde mental dos enfermeiros encontra-se extremamente fragilizada frente ao contexto pandêmico. Essa emergência na saúde mundial, acabou por desencadear consequências físicas, emocionais e psicológicas nesses trabalhadores

Increased Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in a FeLV-Positive Cat

Background: Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is an oncogenic virus that usually invades bone marrow causing non-regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia. In FeLV positive cats, the myeloid leukemia is characterized by intense proliferation of blast cells in a bone marrow with myeloid precursor predominance and several malignancies degree. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is found secondary granules of mature neutrophils of humans, horses and cows but not in dogs and cats,which demonstrate the enzyme activity in myeloblast and promyeloblasts cells. In this case is describing a FeLV-positive case with leukemic disorder accompanied by extremely high levels of serum alkaline phosphatase.Case: A 8-year-old castrated male Domestic Short Hair cat with a 3-month history of convulsions, pica, vomits, lethargy, hypodipsia and anorexia was examined and showed mild dehydration, severe jaundice and hyperpnoea. Laboratory results evidenced severe normocytic hypochromic non-regenerative anemia, moderated leukocytosis with severe degenerativeneutrophil left shift, moderated lymphocytosis and severe thrombocytopenia. Serum biochemical profle showed mild hyperalbuminemia, moderated increment in alanine transaminase and severe increment in alkaline phosphatese. The cat waspositive for ELISA point of care FeLV antigen and negative for FIV antibodies. Urinalysis revealed moderated bilirubinuria and proteinuria. The bone marrow cytology showed high cellularity, increased of M:E ratio, rare megakaryocyte lineage, erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia with blast excess and dysgranulopoiesis.Discussion: FeLV is a virus that usually causes cytopenias and in this case this was well evidenced through a severe non regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia. Generally, anemia is a non-neoplastic complication of FeLV mainly related to suppressive effects hematopoietic and stromal cells of the bone marrow. Nevertheless, in this case, the anemia also maybe attributable to the observed acute myeloid leukemia. Neutrophilia is an uncommon fnding in FeLV-infected cats, even more with the severe degenerative left shift as in the present case. This fnding could be associated to a myeloid hyperplasia. Some biochemical alterations, as hyperalbuminemia and increment in values of serum ALT could be explained by clinical observations like dehydration and some degree of hepatic enlargement, respectively. However, the excessive value forserum alkaline phosphatase activity is an unpublished fnding in cats. In humans high levels of ALP has been associated with neutrophilia and it is quite likely that a great amount of degenerative neutrophils may contribute for high leakage of ALP than in other circumstances of neutrophilia. This is the frst report of a FeLV-positive cat exhibiting extremely high serum values of the enzyme ALP, possibly attributable to acute myeloid leukemia.Keywords: neutrophilia, cytopenia, non-regenerative anemia, acute leukemia

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis in a human rural population of Southern Rio Grande do Sul

Due to the growing population of pets, especially homeless dogs and cats, zoonoses still represent a significant public health problem. Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. are epidemiologically important zoonotic agents as they are etiological factors of human toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis, respectively. These parasites remain neglected even though they are substantially prevalent in rural areas. The aim of this study was to investigate T. gondii and T. canis seroprevalence and risk factors of seropositivity in a rural population in Pelotas municipality, Brazil. The study participants (n=344) were patients of a Basic Healthcare Unit (BHU) located in Cerrito Alegre. Blood samples were collected and tested for T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and T. canis antibodies by an indirect ELISA that targets an excreted-secreted antigen (TES). T. gondii seropositivity was 53.2%, with higher titers (1:256 - 1:1,024) in individuals who habitually eat pork, beef, or chicken, while T. canis seropositivity was 71.8% and concomitant T. gondii and T. canis seropositivity was 38.3%. Among the seropositivity risk factors assessed, only habitual undercooked meat consumption was significant (p = 0.046; OR = 3.7) for T. gondii and none of them were associated with T. canis seropositivity. Both parasites have a high prevalence in rural areas, which reinforces the need to invest in rural community education and health

Análise da produção científica sobre a relação entre logística reversa e resíduos eletroeletrônicos

The objective of the research is to investigate international scientific production on the relationship between reverse logistics and electronic waste in the period between 2005 and 2022. The collection of primary studies was carried out based on Web of Science journals, being treated with strict and pre-established criteria to base on the protocol by Tranfield, Denyer and Smart (2003). The data analysis method refers to the Systematic Literature Review (RSL) technique, which was supported by the bibliometric packages VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. The analysis of the results explored the productivity of authors and journals, as well as the relationship network between the keywords in the textual corpus, identifying four clusters: (i) Management; (ii) Reverse Logistics; (iii) Project and (iv) Barriers. As a contribution, the research can increase awareness in terms of public policies on the part of public managers and civil society about the challenges and impacts of electronic waste. Keywords: Reverse logistic. Electronic waste. Bibliometric Laws.El objetivo de la investigación es investigar la producción científica internacional sobre la relación entre logística inversa y residuos electrónicos en el período comprendido entre 2005 y 2022. La recolección de estudios primarios se realizó con base en revistas Web of Science, siendo tratadas con estricto y pre- criterios establecidos a partir del protocolo de Tranfield, Denyer y Smart (2003). El método de análisis de datos hace referencia a la técnica de Revisión Sistemática de Literatura (RSL), la cual fue soportada por los paquetes bibliométricos VOSviewer y Bibliometrix. El análisis de los resultados exploró la productividad de autores y revistas, así como la red de relaciones entre las palabras clave en el corpus textual, identificando cuatro clusters: (i) Gestión; (ii) Logística Inversa; (iii) Proyecto y, (iv) Barreras. Como aporte, la investigación puede aumentar la conciencia en términos de políticas públicas por parte de los gestores públicos y de la sociedad civil sobre los desafíos e impactos de los residuos electrónicos. Palabras clave: Logística inversa. Residuos electrónicos. Leyes de la bibliometría.O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar a produção científica internacional sobre a relação entre a logística reversa e resíduos eletroeletrônicos no período entre 2005 e 2022. A coleta dos estudos primários foi realizada na base de periódicos Web of Science, sendo tratados com critérios rígidos e preestabelecidos a partir do protocolo de Tranfield, Denyer e Smart (2003). O método de análise dos dados refere-se a técnica de Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) que contou com o suporte dos pacotes bibliométricos VOSviewer e o Bibliometrix. A análise dos resultados explorou a produtividade dos autores e periódicos, assim como, a rede de relacionamento entre as palavras-chaves do corpus textual, identificando-se quatro clusters: (i) Gerenciamento; (ii) Logística Reversa; (iii) Projeto e, (iv) Barreiras. Enquanto contribuição, a pesquisa pode aumentar a conscientização em termos de políticas públicas por parte dos gestores públicos e sociedade civil, acerca dos desafios e impactos do lixo eletroeletrônico. Palavras-Chave: Logística reversa. Resíduos eletrônicos. Leis da bibliometria

O efeito do ano eleitoral sobre os gastos públicos dos municípios do Paraná / The effect of the election year on public expenditure in the municipalities of Paraná

Temos hoje, várias formas para acompanhar os gastos públicos, para então definirmos nossas preferências por um ou outro candidato ao pleito. Nessa corrida dos candidatos para conseguir os votos, alguns se utilizam de manobras políticas, econômicas e fiscais em períodos que mais lhe parecem oportunos, fazendo jus à Teoria dos Ciclos Políticos, amplamente discutida por autores como Drazen (2000), Kalecki (1943) e Nordhaus (1975). O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar o efeito do ano eleitoral nos gastos públicos nos municípios do Paraná no período compreendido entre 2017 e 2019. Para isso buscou-se evidências nas despesas com Pessoal e Investimento, em contrapartida aos anos Pré-eleitoral (2017), Eleitoral (2018), Pós-eleitoral (2019), verificando se os políticos não estão unicamente preocupados com o bem-estar social, mas sim atentos a mostrar uma competência na gestão pública para que possa ter êxito junto aos eleitores diante das eleições. Utilizamos a técnica de análise de regressão dinâmica, na qual foi testada a hipótese de que os ciclos eleitorais não exerciam influência nas variáveis despesas com pessoal e investimentos dos municípios paranaenses. As despesas analisadas mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas frente aos anos que compõem os Ciclos Políticos mostrando que as despesas com pessoal tendem a diminuir quando se aproximam as eleições e a despesa com investimento tende a aumentar, dando a sensação de competência à gestão em vigor

Adequacy of electrical conductivity test for lentil seeds

The electrical conductivity test stands out among the existing physiological quality tests due to its simplicity of execution, repeatability, speed, easy interpretation of results, and low cost. This study aimed to establish a methodology for the test of electric conductivity in lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medik), involving the seeds’ number of seeds and soaking time. The experiment was conducted at the Multidisciplinary Laboratory of the State University of Goiás, Campus Ipameri, in 2018. Lentil Silvina seeds were used, stored in the seed laboratory of the same institution. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4x5 factorial scheme, with four seed lots (25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds) and five soaking times (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours) at 25 ºC, with four replications. The initial seed quality was characterized (water content, first counting of germination, percentage of germination, accelerated aging and 1000-seed weight). For the electrical conductivity test, four repetitions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds each were used, weighed on a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.001 g and placed in plastic cups, with a capacity of 200 mL, containing 75 mL of distilled water. Then, the plastic cups remained in a BOD chamber, adjusted at 25 °C and the measuring was performed after 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours of soaking in a conductivity meter (DIGIMED DM 31), the results being expressed in μS cm-1 g-1. There was a significant interaction when evaluating the number of seeds per repetition and the soaking time. The use of replicates with 50 seeds subjected to 12 h of soaking shows the best results for the lentil seeds' electrical conductivity test

Estado da arte das pesquisas envolvendo x-efficiency: análise das redes de relacionamento

The objective of this research is to elaborate a systematic literature review, seeking to evidence the state of the art of research on x-efficiency in the context of South America. Seeking to achieve the objective proposed in this research, the technique of systematic literature review was used, based on the protocol proposed by Tranfield et al., (2003) which covers three stages: (1) review planning, (2) review and (3) dissemination of knowledge. A total of 25 primary articles were identified in the Web of Science and Scopus databases after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which are necessary to obtain articles from journals with high reputations. Among the main results of this research we can highlight: the most prominent authors and journals, validating Lotka's first bibliometric law of author productivity, especially Molinos-Senante with several articles produced, and Tabak with a high number of citations, in addition to the validation of Bradford's second bibliometric law of journal productivity, where the European Journal of Operational Research can be highlighted. Another interesting result of this research refers to the word cloud, highlighting terms such as: efficiency, water, cost and DEA that were terminologies closely associated with the x-efficiency theme, in addition, it was possible to categorize the sample of works according to the description of the content in the abstracts where Brazil stood out in terms of country; In terms of sectors of economic activity, the highlights were for banking and sanitation, while the type of approach of the estimation models was the stochastic frontier, with the most diverse variations. Key words: X-Efficiency. Costs. Profit. Systematic Review.El objetivo de esta investigación es elaborar una revisión sistemática de la literatura, buscando evidenciar el estado del arte de las investigaciones sobre x-eficiencia en el contexto de América del Sur. Buscando lograr el objetivo propuesto en esta investigación, se utilizó la técnica de revisión sistemática de la literatura, con base en el protocolo propuesto por Tranfield et al., (2003) que contempla tres etapas: (1) planificación de la revisión, (2) revisión y ( 3) difusión del conocimiento. Se identificaron un total de 25 artículos primarios en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, que son necesarios para obtener artículos de revistas con alta reputación. Entre los principales resultados de esta investigación podemos destacar: los autores y revistas más destacados, validando la primera ley bibliométrica de productividad de autor de Lotka, en especial Molinos-Senante con varios artículos producidos, y Tabak con un alto número de citas, además de la validación de la segunda ley bibliométrica de la productividad de las revistas de Bradford, donde se destaca el European Journal of Operational Research. Otro resultado interesante de esta investigación se refiere a la nube de palabras, destacando términos como: eficiencia, agua, costo y DEA que fueron terminologías muy asociadas al tema x-eficiencia, además, fue posible categorizar la muestra de trabajos según la descripción del contenido en los resúmenes donde se destacó Brasil en términos de país; En cuanto a los sectores de actividad económica, se destacaron la banca y el saneamiento, mientras que el tipo de enfoque de los modelos de estimación fue el de frontera estocástica, con las variaciones más diversas.O objetivo dessa pesquisa é elaborar uma revisão sistemática de literatura a partir do estado da arte das pesquisas sobre x-efficiency no contexto da América do Sul. Buscando atingir o objetivo proposto utilizou-se a técnica de revisão sistemática de literatura, a partir do protocolo proposto por Tranfield et al., (2003) onde abrange três etapas: (1) planejamento da revisão, (2) realização da revisão e (3) disseminação do conhecimento. Foram identificados na base de periódicos Web of Science e Scopus um total de 25 artigos primários, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, necessários para obter artigos de periódicos com elevada reputação. Dentre os principais resultados dessa pesquisa pode-se destacar: os autores e periódicos mais proeminentes, validando-se a primeira lei bibliométrica de Lotka de produtividade de autores, destacando-se Molinos-Senante com diversos artigos produzidos, e Tabak com elevado número de citações, além da validação da segunda lei bibliométrica de Bradford de produtividade dos periódicos, onde pode-se ressaltar o periódico European Journal of Operational Research. Outro resultado interessante da pesquisa refere-se a nuvem de palavras, tendo-se como destaque termos como: eficiência, água, custo e DEA que foram terminologias muito associadas a temática x-efficiency, além disso, foi possível categorizar a amostra de trabalhos conforme descrição do conteúdo nos resumos onde destacou-se em termos de país o Brasil; em termos de setores da atividade econômica os destaques foram para o bancário e de saneamento enquanto o tipo de abordagem dos modelos de estimação foi a fronteira estocástica com as mais diversas variações. Palavras-chave: Eficiência-X; Custos; Lucro; Revisão Sistemática

Electrical conductivity test for evaluation of the pea seed vigor

The electrical conductivity test is routinely used to differentiate the physiological quality of seed lots, and has stood out for its ease of execution, low cost, speed, repeatability, and straightforward interpretation of results. This study aimed to establish a methodology for the electrical conductivity test in pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) involving seed quantity and seed imbibition periods. The experiment was carried out at the Multidisciplinary Laboratory of the State University of Goiás, the campus of Ipameri Campus, in 2018. Pea seeds (Pisum sativum) stored in the seed laboratory of the same institution were used for this experiment. The completely randomized experimental design with four replications in a 4x6 factorial scheme was used. Four quantity of seeds (25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds) and six imbibition periods (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h) at 25ºC were evaluated. The electrical conductivity test was performed with four replicates of 25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds each, weighed on a precision scale (0.001g) and placed in disposable plastic cups, with a capacity of 200 mL, containing 75 mL of distilled water. The cups were then kept in a BOD chamber, set at 25°C, and the measuring was performed after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h of imbibition with a conductivity meter and results were expressed in μS cm-1 g-1. There were no significant results for the interaction between the number of seeds and the imbibition time. Significant results were observed only for the individual effects of each factor. It is recommended to use 100 seeds of Maria pea, and 24 h for the electrical conductivity test