Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga, dan Return on Asset (ROA) Terhadap Return Saham (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Property and Real Estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2017)

Bentuk investasi salah satunya adalah saham. Berbagai cara yang digunakan oleh investor dalam memperoleh return yang diharapkan, dengan menganalisis perilaku perdagangan saham dan melalui saran yang diberikan oleh analisis pasar modal seperti manajer investasi, dealer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, Return on Aset (ROA) terhadap return saham pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor property and real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2017. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari laporan keuangan yang diambil dari website resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor property and real estate di BEI tahun 2014-2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan purposive sampling sebanyak 36 perusahaan. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini analisis regresi data panel dengan menggunakan software eviews 9. Statistik deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa data inflasi bervariasi atau tidak berkelompok sedangkan untuk data suku bunga dan ROA tidak bervariasi atau berkelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, dan return on aset (ROA) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham. Secara parsial inflasi berpengaruh signifikan dengan arah negatif terhadap return saham. Tingkat suku bunga tidak berpengaruh terhadap return saham. Return on aset (ROA) berpengaruh signifikan dengan arah positif terhadap return saham. Kata Kunci: Inflasi, Return on Aset, Return Saham, Tingkat Suku Bung

GAMBARAN INFEKSI Klebsiella pneumoniae PENGHASIL Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DI RSUP DR. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PERIODE JANUARI 2021-JUNI 2021

ABSTRACT Background: ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection can make medical costs increase, patients become longer in the hospital, and a worse prognosis in Covid-19 patients. Therefore, this study aims to find out the prevalence, characteristics of age, gender, specimen type, inpatient room, and pattern of antibiotic sensitivity of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients so as to help patients in the prevention and control of HAIs in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital. Method: This observational research used secondary data in the form of the status of Covid-19 patients identified as ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at the Central Laboratory Installation of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang during the period January 2021-June 2021. The samples in this study were all medical records of Covid-19 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data was processed and analyzed by univariate to determine the frequency distribution of each variable studied. Result: Prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital is 48,6%. Based on Age, prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are often found in elderly (41,2%). Based on gender, prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are often found in female (64,7%). Based on specimen type, prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are often found in sputum (47,1%). Based on the inpatient room, prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are often found in non-intensive care unit (79,5%). Based on sensitivity patterns, isolates ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistance to ampicilin/AMP (100%), cefazoline (100%), ceftriaxon (100%), aztreonam (91,2%), ceftazedim (85,3%), ampisilin/Sulbaktam (76,5%), ciprofloxacin (76,5%), trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (58,8%) and gentamicin (55,9%). Conclusion: Prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients at the Central Laboratory Installation of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang during the period January 2020-June 2020 is 48,6%. Antibiotics that resistance to ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are ampicilin/AMP, cefazoline, ceftriaxon, aztreonam, ceftazdim, ampisilin/sulbaktam, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. Keywords: ESBL, Covid-19, HAIs   ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Infeksi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL bisa membuat biaya pengobatan menjadi bertambah, pasien menjadi lebih lama di rumah sakit, dan prognosis yang lebih buruk pada pasien Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, karakteristik berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, jenis spesimen, asal ruang rawat inap, dan pola sensitivitas antibiotik Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 sehingga dapat membantu pasien dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian HAIs di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif observasional ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa status pasien Covid-19 yang teridentifikasi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL di instalasi laboratorium sentral RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang selama periode Januari 2021-Juni 2021. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh data rekam medik pasien Covid-19 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data diolah dan dianalisis secara univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi setiap variabel yang diteliti. Hasil: Prevalensi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin sebesar 48,6%. Berdasarkan usia, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 banyak ditemukan pada lansia (41,2%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 banyak ditemukan pada perempuan (64,7%). Berdasarkan jenis spesimen, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 banyak ditemukan pada sputum (47,1%). Berdasarkan ruang rawat inap, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 banyak berasal dari ruang rawat non intensif (79,5%). Berdasarkan pola sensitivitas, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL resisten terhadap ampisilin/ AMP (100%), sefazolin (100%), seftriakson (100%), aztreonam (91,2%), seftazdim (85,3%), ampisilin/ sulbaktam (76,5%), siprofloksasin (76,5%), trimetoprim/ sulfametoksazol (58,8%), dan gentamisin (55,9%) Kesimpulan: Prevalensi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 di Instalasi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang selama periode Januari 2021-Juni 2021 sebesar 48,6%. Antibiotik yang resisten pada Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL yaitu ampisilin/AMP, sefazolin, seftriakson, aztreonam, seftazdim, ampisilin/sulbaktam, siprofloksasin, trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol dan gentamisin. Kata kunci: ESBL, Covid-19, HAI

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

GAMBARAN INFEKSI Klebsiella pneumoniae PENGHASIL Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DI RSUP DR. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PERIODE JANUARI 2021-JUNI 2021

ABSTRACT Background: ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection can make medical costs increase, patients become longer in the hospital, and a worse prognosis in Covid-19 patients. Therefore, this study aims to find out the prevalence, characteristics of age, gender, specimen type, inpatient room, and pattern of antibiotic sensitivity of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients so as to help patients in the prevention and control of HAIs in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital. Method: This observational research used secondary data in the form of the status of Covid-19 patients identified as ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at the Central Laboratory Installation of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang during the period January 2021-June 2021. The samples in this study were all medical records of Covid-19 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data was processed and analyzed by univariate to determine the frequency distribution of each variable studied. Result: Prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital is 48,6%. Based on Age, prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are often found in elderly (41,2%). Based on gender, prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are often found in female (64,7%). Based on specimen type, prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are often found in sputum (47,1%). Based on the inpatient room, prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are often found in non-intensive care unit (79,5%). Based on sensitivity patterns, isolates ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistance to ampicilin/AMP (100%), cefazoline (100%), ceftriaxon (100%), aztreonam (91,2%), ceftazedim (85,3%), ampisilin/Sulbaktam (76,5%), ciprofloxacin (76,5%), trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (58,8%) and gentamicin (55,9%). Conclusion: Prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients at the Central Laboratory Installation of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang during the period January 2020-June 2020 is 48,6%. Antibiotics that resistance to ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Covid-19 patients are ampicilin/AMP, cefazoline, ceftriaxon, aztreonam, ceftazdim, ampisilin/sulbaktam, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. Keywords: ESBL, Covid-19, HAIs &nbsp; ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Infeksi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL bisa membuat biaya pengobatan menjadi bertambah, pasien menjadi lebih lama di rumah sakit, dan prognosis yang lebih buruk pada pasien Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, karakteristik berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, jenis spesimen, asal ruang rawat inap, dan pola sensitivitas antibiotik Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 sehingga dapat membantu pasien dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian HAIs di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif observasional ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa status pasien Covid-19 yang teridentifikasi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL di instalasi laboratorium sentral RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang selama periode Januari 2021-Juni 2021. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh data rekam medik pasien Covid-19 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data diolah dan dianalisis secara univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi setiap variabel yang diteliti. Hasil: Prevalensi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin sebesar 48,6%. Berdasarkan usia, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 banyak ditemukan pada lansia (41,2%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 banyak ditemukan pada perempuan (64,7%). Berdasarkan jenis spesimen, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 banyak ditemukan pada sputum (47,1%). Berdasarkan ruang rawat inap, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 banyak berasal dari ruang rawat non intensif (79,5%). Berdasarkan pola sensitivitas, Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL resisten terhadap ampisilin/ AMP (100%), sefazolin (100%), seftriakson (100%), aztreonam (91,2%), seftazdim (85,3%), ampisilin/ sulbaktam (76,5%), siprofloksasin (76,5%), trimetoprim/ sulfametoksazol (58,8%), dan gentamisin (55,9%) Kesimpulan: Prevalensi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL pada pasien Covid-19 di Instalasi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang selama periode Januari 2021-Juni 2021 sebesar 48,6%. Antibiotik yang resisten pada Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL yaitu ampisilin/AMP, sefazolin, seftriakson, aztreonam, seftazdim, ampisilin/sulbaktam, siprofloksasin, trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol dan gentamisin. Kata kunci: ESBL, Covid-19, HAI

Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to &lt; 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of &amp; GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P &lt; 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo