Distribution Procedure for Laboratory Memorandum

The progress and degree of success of any project requires that all interested personnel be kept informed on all phases of the latest engineering developments, which may or may not affect their particular phases of work with relation to the end result. It is therefore very important that proper distribution procedures be established to insure that the proper interested personnel receive the latest available current distribution procedures in effect for all Laboratory Memorandum

Intercambio de experiencias productivas sobre quesos artesanales en San Luis del Palmar, Corrientes

Considerando la ancestral tradición de la manufactura quesera en la Provincia de Corrientes y el acercamiento de pequeños productores zonales a la Universidad ocurrido en 2014. El Grupo BiMIA realizó, en el año 2015, una Jornada Práctica de elaboración de quesos en San Luis del Palmar, enfatizando las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura y el uso de insumos tradicionales a fin de mantener esta usanza, que genera un producto de características particulares y puede ocasionar una mayor demanda, contribuyendo al desarrollo sustentable y sostenibilidad productiva de la región. Se presenta la experiencia y algunos resultados de importancia.

Circulating extracellular vesicles release oncogenic miR-424 in experimental models and patients with aggressive prostate cancer

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are relevant means for transferring signals across cells and facilitate propagation of oncogenic stimuli promoting disease evolution and metastatic spread in cancer patients. Here, we investigated the release of miR-424 in circulating small EVs or exosomes from prostate cancer patients and assessed the functional implications in multiple experimental models. We found higher frequency of circulating miR-424 positive EVs in patients with metastatic prostate cancer compared to patients with primary tumors and BPH. Release of miR-424 in small EVs was enhanced in cell lines (LNCaPabl), transgenic mice (Pb-Cre4;Ptenflox/flox;Rosa26ERG/ERG) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of aggressive disease. EVs containing miR-424 promoted stem-like traits and tumor-initiating properties in normal prostate epithelial cells while enhanced tumorigenesis in transformed prostate epithelial cells. Intravenous administration of miR-424 positive EVs to mice, mimicking blood circulation, promoted miR-424 transfer and tumor growth in xenograft models. Circulating miR-424 positive EVs from patients with aggressive primary and metastatic tumors induced stem-like features when supplemented to prostate epithelial cells. This study establishes that EVs-mediated transfer of miR-424 across heterogeneous cell populations is an important mechanism of tumor self-sustenance, disease recurrence and progression. These findings might indicate novel approaches for the management and therapy of prostate cancer

Accounting students and communication apprehension: a study of Spanish and UK students

Accounting is about measuring and communicating. Accounting bodies and employers have expressed opinions, which have been supported by research results, advocating that greater emphasis is placed on the development of communication skills throughout the education and training of accountants. Consequently, an increasing number of accounting programmes now include communication skills as educational objectives or learning outcomes, and have integrated activities into the curriculum specifically to develop these skills. It is important to recognise that certain factors can severely restrict the development of communication skills; a major factor is communication apprehension. Research suggests that the existence of high levels of communication apprehension will make efforts to improve communication skills ineffective. Previous research findings indicate that accounting students have high levels of communication apprehension. This paper compares and contrasts the levels and profiles of communication apprehension exhibited by accounting students at the (UK University) and those at the (ESP University). The levels of communication apprehension are also compared with those of students from other disciplines at the same institutions. The results confirm the high levels of communication apprehension in European accounting students. There are notable differences between the two countries however in certain underlying factors.</p

Intracellular Function of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Ischemic Cardiomyocytes

Background: Loss of cardiac myocytes due to apoptosis is a relevant feature of ischemic heart disease. It has been described in infarct and peri-infarct regions of the myocardium in coronary syndromes and in ischemia-linked heart remodeling. Previous studies have provided protection against ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor-antagonist (IL-1Ra). Mitochondria triggering of caspases plays a central role in ischemia-induced apoptosis. We examined the production of IL-1Ra in the ischemic heart and, based on dual intra/extracellular function of some other interleukins, we hypothesized that IL-1Ra may also directly inhibit mitochondria-activated caspases and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Methodology/Principal Findings: Synthesis of IL-1Ra was evidenced in the hearts explanted from patients with ischemic heart disease. In the mouse ischemic heart and in a mouse cardiomyocyte cell line exposed to long-lasting hypoxia, IL-1Ra bound and inhibited mitochondria-activated caspases, whereas inhibition of caspase activation was not observed in the heart of mice lacking IL-1Ra (Il-1ra−/−) or in siRNA to IL-1Ra-interfered cells. An impressive 6-fold increase of hypoxia-induced apoptosis was observed in cells lacking IL-1Ra. IL-1Ra down-regulated cells were not protected against caspase activation and apoptosis by knocking down of the IL-1 receptor, confirming the intracellular, receptor-independent, anti-apoptotic function of IL-1Ra. Notably, the inhibitory effect of IL-1Ra was not influenced by enduring ischemic conditions in which previously described physiologic inhibitors of apoptosis are neutralized. Conclusions/Significance: These observations point to intracellular IL-1Ra as a critical mechanism of the cell self-protection against ischemia-induced apoptosis and suggest that this cytokine plays an important role in the remodeling of heart by promoting survival of cardiomyocytes in the ischemic regions

Categorización del estado de conservación de los anfibios de la República Argentina

A más de una década de la primera Lista Roja de herpetofauna propuesta por la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (Lavilla et al., 2000), se recategorizaron los anfibios a partir de nueva información taxonómica, biogeográfica, bio-ecológica y de modificaciones metodológicas respecto a la evaluación anterior. Mediante la participación de 35 especialistas de toda la Argentina se reevaluaron 175 taxones de anfibios (171 en la anterior) incluyendo 23 taxones nuevos para Argentina y obteniéndose como resultado la inclusión de 51 especies en la Lista Roja (8 En Peligro, 11 Amenazadas, 32 Vulnerables), 21 Insuficientemente Conocidas y 103 No Amenazadas. En relación con la categorización anterior de la AHA, los cambios de categorías han sido: un taxón descendió de las categorías En Peligro a Amenazado, siete taxones descendieron de Amenazados o Vulnerables a Insuficientemente Conocidos y nueve de Insuficientemente Conocidos a No Amenazados. Tres No Amenazados y 10 Insuficientemente Conocidos fueron elevados a distintas categorías de amenaza, nueve taxones Vulnerables fueron elevados a Amenazados, cinco de Vulnerables a En Peligro, y un taxón fue elevado de Amenazado a En Peligro. De 23 taxones no evaluados en el 2000, 16 se ubican en la categoría No Amenazados, tres en Insuficientemente Conocidos y cuatro en Vulnerables. Estas modificaciones son el resultado de: (1) mayor información sistemática, biogeográfica y bio-ecológica disponible para la evaluación,(2) cambios en cuanto a las presiones antrópicas sobre las especies o sus hábitats, (3) modificaciones metodológicas que incluyeron instructivos para aplicar los conceptos, la discusión y consenso entre especialistas y el análisis de las incertidumbres.More than a decade after the first red list of herpetofauna proposed by the Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (Lavilla et al., 2000), we recategorized amphibians based on new taxonomic, biogeographical, bio-ecological information and methodological changes in the former evaluation. Through the participation of 35 specialists from all over Argentina 175 taxa of amphibians (171 in the previous categorization) are reevaluated including 23 new taxa added to Argentina, obtaining as results the inclusion of 51 Red List species (8 Endangered, 11 Threatened, 32 Vulnerable), 21 Insufficiently Known and 103 Not Threatened. In relation to the former categorization of the AHA the changes were: one taxon descended from Critically Endangered to Endangered, seven taxa descended from Endangered orVulnerable to Insufficiently Known, and nine from Insufficiently Known to Not Threatened. Three Not Threatened and 10 Insufficiently Known were elevated to different categories of threat, nine taxa were elevated from Endangered to Vulnerable, five from Vulnerable to Endangered, and one from Threatened was elevated to Critically Endangered. Of 23 taxa not evaluated in 2000, 16 are placed as Not Threatened, three Vulnerable, and four Insufficiently Known. These changes are the result of: (1) more available information for evaluation from systematic, biogeography and bio- ecology, (2) changes in human pressures over the species or over their habitats, (3) methodological changes that included recommendations for applying concepts, discussion and consensus among experts and analysis of uncertainties.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Distribution Procedure for Division 6 Memoranda

Memorandum M-2704 which outlined the distribution procedures for Division 6 Memoranda while the Division was located in Cambridge is now obsolete. The dispersion of Division 6 personnel at Lexington required that new procedures be established to meet the new conditions and increasing organization. This memorandum outlines the current distribution procedures in effect