Attitudes of Parents and Children towards Multilingualism in Pakistan

This study investigated the attitudes of parents and children towards multilingualism in Faisalabad. In Faisalabad, many languages are spoken but in this study three main widely spoken languages, Urdu (national language), Punjabi (mother tongue) and English (international language) were selected. The attitudes of parents and children greatly vary towards these languages. This research took into account the variable of social status, education, age, gender and family context to probe into the reasons behind different language attitudes. This study aimed to find out how these variables play their role in shaping language attitudes. The data was collected through interview and questionnaire .The questionnaire was used to know parent’s attitudes while group interview to know children attitudes about multilingualism. Questionnaire data was analyzed by using SPSS software while interview data was analyzed qualitatively. Results depicted that children are more are conscious about English language and they have same assumptions as their parents have. On the other hand parents want their children to speak only Urdu and English

Determinants of Firm Value in Shariah Compliant Companies

This study explores the determinants of firm value in Shariah-compliant firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The dataset covers the period from 2009 to 2016 for firms listed on the KMI-30 index. We used three different proxies for firm value, i.e., Tobin’s Q, market-value-to-book value ratio, and log of the market price of shares. Based on regression analysis, we have concluded that firm value significantly and positively influences dividend per share and fixed asset turnover in all model specifications. Further, both the debt ratio and firm size substantially and negatively impact firm value. However, both dividend payout and dividend yield have an insignificant effect on firm value. The mixed results partially support the dividend relevance theories, which imply that the dividend payments influence firm value. Moreover, the results also support the view that a firm’s size and its efficiency in utilizing assets influence its valuation. The results are broadly consistent with previous research on the determinants of firm value. The study will facilitate policymakers in developing suitable policies for regulating Shariah-compliant instruments. Likewise, investors looking for Halal returns on their investments may also gain valuable insights about the determinants of firm value in Shariah-compliant organizations.Keywords: Firm value, Tobin’s Q, market-to-book-value ratio, dividend policy, dividend payout, dividend yield, debt ratio, fixed asset turnover, firm size, Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Benefits of Microcredit in Farm Production: A Welfare Economic Perspective from Punjab Province of Pakistan

Microcredit seems to be the dire need of small farmers and believed to be an appropriate tool for facilitating small enterprises. This study examined the effects of farmers’ certain internal and external factors on microcredit major benefits i.e. farm production and income. The study was confined to the four districts of Punjab Province of Pakistan. Data was randomly collected from 118 small farmers who had borrowed microcredit from different microfinance institutions (MFIs). Data analysis was performed in such a way that influence of specific variables under six categories of internal and external factors was estimated by employing logit model.  Most influencing variable observed from each logit model was selected for overall multiple regression analysis.  Findings from data analysis revealed that farmers’ education and their saving habit were positively influencing farm production and income. Number of livestock animals and more off-farm income sources reduced the changes of credit money to be used on non-income generation activities. These results were significant at 1% significance level. Inter-cropping had positive relationship for crop productivity. Suitable weather conditions was taken as environmental factor and its influence was positive for microcredit benefits. Farmers’ long distance from major agricultural market and strict repayment plan of MFIs were negative influencing microcredit benefits and were significant at 1% significance level. Multiple regression model overall 54.81% explained the impacts of six important variables on microcredit benefits. Econometric models also showed that many of the variables were inter-related and inter-dependent to each other and were affecting farm production and income on varying degree. Keywords: microcredit benefit, farm production, impact assessment, inter-dependence, Punjab

Effect of sorbic acid and some other food preservatives on human serum cholinesterase activity

The effect of some selected food preservatives on serum cholinesterase was determined. It was found that potassium metabisulphite, methyl parabene and propyl parabene caused a significant increase while sacharine, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, copper carbonate and sorbic acid caused a significant decrease in cholinesterase activity. The behavior of serum cholinesterase activity in response to a gradual change in the incubation time as well as the sorbic acid concentration was also studied. The graphical and statistical analysis of the data showed an exponential decrease in cholinesterase activity with an increase in the concentration of sorbic acid. The cholinesterase activity was also found to be decreased exponentially with an increase in the incubation time. The regression analysis showed a good agreement between the experimental and calculated values.Keywords: Sorbic acid, enzyme activity, cholinesterase, inhibition sensitivit

4-Bromo-N-cyclo­hexyl­benzene­sulfonamide

The title compound, C12H16BrNO2S, adopts an L-shaped conformation with the central C—S—N—C torsion angle being −77.8 (3)°. The crystal packing features N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which lead to C(4) chains propagating in [010]; the second O atom is involved in short intra­molecular C—H⋯O contacts

Problems Encountered by Women in Education Sector of Bahawalpur

As we all know that education is crucial in the development of any country. The main focus of this research is to identify the problems faced by working women in education sector. We discovered that most of the parents and certain relatives are supportive towards their daughter serving in the education sector. All our respondents strongly believed that the married women face greater challenges than unmarried women. Although their husbands are co-operative but there children are prominently neglected. Despite the supportive attitude of their parents unmarried women still face challenges like transportation and managing time between personal and social life. Most of the respondents, married or unmarried, believed that their salary and promotion system is not satisfactory for which they blame “Favouritism”. In spite of all the facts, our research concludes that the education sector of Bahawalpur for female teacher is fairly good. Keywords: Women, Education Sector, Bahawalpur

Machine Learning: The Backbone of Intelligent Trade Credit-Based Systems

Technology has turned into a significant differentiator in the money and traditional recordkeeping systems for the financial industry. To depict two customers as potential investors, it is mandatory to give the complex innovation that they anticipate and urge to purchase. In any case, it is difficult to keep on top of and be a specialist in each of the new advancements that are accessible. By reappropriating IT administrations, monetary administrations firms can acquire prompt admittance to the most recent ability and direction. Financial systems, along with machine learning (ML) algorithms, are vital for critical concerns like secure financial transactions and automated trading. These are the key to the provision of financial decisions for investors and stakeholders for the firms which are working with the trade credit (TC) approach, in Small and Medium Industries (SMEs). Huge and very sensitive data is processed in a limited time. The trade credit is a reason for more financial gains. The impact of TC with predictive machine learning algorithms is the reason why intelligent and safe revenue generation is the main target of the proposed study. That is, the combination of financial data and technology (FinTech) domains is a potential reason for sales growth and ultimately more profit.publishedVersio

Simultaneous Determination of Dimethomorph and Chlorothalonil in Pesticide Formulation: HPLC Method Development and Validation

The identification and accurate quantification of pesticides is important to verify the recommendedconcentration of active content of each pesticide in formulated products to avoid adverse effects on human life due toover dosage. In this study, method of quantitative determination of Dimethomorph and Chlorothalonil in pesticideformulation was developed and validated by using ICH guidelines. Chromatographic separations with good resolutionwere performed on Beckman C-18 column (5 µm x 150 mm x 4.6 mm), using 80:20, v/v – (CH3CN:H2O) as mobilephase in isocratic mode at 230 nm. The retention time for Dimethomorph and Chlorothalonil at flow rate 1.2 mL/minwas 6.21 and 9.63 minutes, respectively. Calibration curves of both studied fungicides (Chlorothalonil andDimethomorph) were linear showing coefficient of determination greater than 0.996. %RSD value of inter-dayprecision was found to be less than 3 for both pesticides and for intra-day precision these values were less than 2. Interlaboratory comparison (ILC) method was applied to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method and Z-score valueswere found to be less than 2. The proposed method is therefore efficient, accurate, and cost-effective and can suitablybe used for simultaneous quantitative determination of Dimethomorph and Chlorothalonil in pesticide formulatedproducts

Design and Development of Game Based Learning Applications for Mathematics Learning Based on Multiple Language to Develop Verbal Capabilities

The purpose of this research is to design an application that can help students in learning. So, the authors are interested in designing game-based mobile learning applications that have mathematical content on integer material integrated with hijaiyah numbers, so that the game media has its own uniqueness. This design is based on the obligation to develop numeracy skills for all citizens according to Law number 20 of 2003 concerning the national education system. In addition, there is also an obligation to understand the number of hijaiyah for Muslim citizens. The research method used uses research development. The development model used is Lee Owens. The concept in this game is like a game in general that uses this type of adventure. In the game there is a mission to solve the problem. The challenge is through hijaiyah figures provided. So this game combines mathematics with hijaiyah numbers in a portable way