Perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal provenientes do estado de Alagoas / Clinical profile and sociodemographic of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy from the state of Alagoas

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal provenientes do Estado de Alagoas. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, com 56 pacientes com Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 5 a 45 anos. Os pacientes foram entrevistados quanto ao perfil clínico das crises epilépticas, como frequência, tipos de crises e drogas antiepilépticas utilizadas desde o controle parcial ou total das crises. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por estatística descritiva com auxílio do software BioStat Statistics. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: A amostra apresentou maior faixa etária de 31 a 45 anos. Quanto aos tipos de crises,a crise parcial complexa foi a mais frequente, com 28% dos casos, seguida da crise tônico-clônica generalizada com 23,2% dos casos; a maioria dos pacientes apresentou alto número de crises em um curto período de tempo, uma vez que 37,5% deles não apresentaram controle da doença. Quanto ao uso de drogas antiepilética, 26,5% dos pacientes faziam uso da carbamazepina; 58,9% dos pacientes já faziam uso de politerapia. Conclusão: O perfil clínico na caracterização dos pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal é importante para servir de parâmetros entre outros estudos epidemiológicos

DNA barcoding and hypopygium shape support delimitation of sympatric Dissomphalus species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest

Dissomphalus is a cosmopolitan genus of Bethylidae and has 269 Neotropical species divided into 32 species-groups, mostly defined by the genital and the tergal process structures. Dissomphalus rectilineus and D. concavatus are sympatric species in the ulceratus species-group. Members of the species-group share many similarities in the morphology of the head, hypopygium, tergal process and genitalia, but may be distinguished by the structure of the hypopygium. Previous studies have found intermediate structures of the hypopygium in the sympatric areas and raised questions about the distinctiveness of these two species. We sequenced 340 bp of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I of 29 specimens from Brazil and Paraguay, calculated the genetic divergence among specimens, and recovered the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. In addition, we compared the morphology of the hypopygium to evaluate its use as a species-specific diagnostic character using the genetic divergence values. We recovered three well-supported monophyletic groups (intraclade divergence from 1.3 to 13.4%) and three hypopygium morphologies associated with each clade, two of them associated with D. rectilineus and D. concavatus (as described in the literature); the third one is new, not associated with any known species. The divergence between the D. rectilineus and D. concavatus clades was 19%, while the third clade is divergent from each species by 19–20%. If fully described, the hypopygium shape associated with the COI sequence will represent an extremely promising approach to the diagnosis of Dissomphalus species

Penile shape discriminates two cryptic species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from eastern Brazil

Glans penis morphology has been used as a powerful tool in mammal taxonomy to differentiate cryptic species. Neotropical rodent species Akodon cursor and A. montensis are cryptic, and interspecific hybrids are like their parental species. We investigated non-metric and metric phallic characters aiming to differentiate A. cursor from A. montensis. We also evaluated the parental species’ influence of the phallic characters on hybrids. We analysed 96 male adults—56 A. cursor, 27 A. montensis, and 13 hybrids, subgrouping species by locality and hybrids by parental species (paternal vs maternal). We verified that A. cursor and A. montensis are distinguishable by penile-shape morphology: A. cursor has an elongated penile form with a flare in the distal portion and A. montensis has a barrel-shaped form. Also, dark spots in ventral view, if present in A. montensis, distinguish A. montensis from A. cursor. Although the non-metric characters differentiate the species, they do not distinguish the subgroups of A. cursor, A. montensis, and hybrids. The metric phallic characters indicated a significant difference between species and hybrids. These characters also differentiate the population groups of A. cursor. However, A. montensis subgroups and hybrids subgroups did not present a significant difference. This study shows the importance of penis morphology in the taxonomy of the cryptic rodent species A. cursor and A. montensis, representing a powerful tool to discriminate male specimens in mammal collections without karyotyping or sequencing, even though the specimens occurred in sympatric areas. Since most taxidermy protocols do not preserve the penis in mammal preparations, liquid preservation of some specimens or the removal of the penis before taxidermy for liquid preservation could be beneficial. We also recommend the organisation in museum collections of a penis bank for the A. cursor species group (or even all rodent species) to avoid losing this important information for species identification

PROTRACTED DIARRHEA - the IMPORTANCE of the ENTEROPATHOGENIC-E-COLI (EPEC) STRAINS and SALMONELLA in ITS GENESIS

UMBERTO I HOSP, DEPT PEDIAT, São Paulo, BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BR-04023 São Paulo, SP, BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, BR-04023 São Paulo, SP, BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BR-04023 São Paulo, SP, BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, BR-04023 São Paulo, SP, BRAZILWeb of Scienc

PROTRACTED DIARRHEA - the IMPORTANCE of the ENTEROPATHOGENIC-E-COLI (EPEC) STRAINS and SALMONELLA in ITS GENESIS

UMBERTO I HOSP, DEPT PEDIAT, São Paulo, BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BR-04023 São Paulo, SP, BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, BR-04023 São Paulo, SP, BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BR-04023 São Paulo, SP, BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, BR-04023 São Paulo, SP, BRAZILWeb of Scienc

A função renal de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos submetidos ao pneumoperitônio

Objetivo: Estudar a função renal de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos submetidos ao pneumoperitônio com CO2. Métodos: Foram utilizados 60 ratos, sendo 30 Wistar SHR e 30 EPM-1 Wistar, com idade ao redor de quatro meses, com peso médio de 341g. A amostra foi distribuída em dois grupos, experimento (ratos hipertensos) e controle (ratos normotensos), de acordo com a linhagem, SHR e EPM-1 Wistar, respectivamente. Cada grupo foi redistribuído em dois subgrupos, com 15 animais cada, de acordo com a pressão de pneumoperitônio, 10 e 4mmHg. Os animais foram anestesiados e posicionados, dando início ao procedimento de cateterização da artéria femoral esquerda, que permitiu aferição da pressão arterial média e a coleta sanguínea durante todo o experimento. Após a anti-sepsia, procedeu-se à realização de incisão transversa de 5mm de comprimento na região central do abdome para introdução de trocarte de 2mm, por onde foi introduzida a agulha de Veress, permitindo a insuflação de CO2 até atingir a pressão estabelecida para cada grupo (4mmHg ou 10mmHg), que foi mantida durante uma hora, seguida por uma hora de desinsuflação. Ao término do período de desinsuflação todos os animais de todos os grupos, ainda sob efeito anestésico, foram submetidos à eutanásia por exanguinação, através do cateter arterial. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas em três fases: 1) após a cateterização, 2) após uma hora de pneumoperitônio, e 3) após uma hora de desinsuflação, sendo conduzidas ao laboratório para dosagens de uréia e creatinina. Resultados: Houve aumento da creatinina para o rato SHR durante pneumoperitônio com pressão de 10mmHg; já a uréia mostrou-se aumentada tanto para o SHR quanto para o Wistar, durante o pneumoperitônio com pressão de 10mmHg. Durante o pneumoperitônio com pressão de 4mmHg, a creatinina e a uréia mantiveram-se nos níveis basais. Conclusão: A função renal do SHR se altera de forma transitória, semelhante ao rato não-hipertenso quando submetido ao pneumoperitônio.<br>Objective: The aim of this work was to study the renal function of spontaneous hypertensive Wistar rats (SRH) submitted to pneumoperitoneum. Methods: Sixty rats, 30 SHR and 30 EPM-1 Wistar, 4-month-old, weighing around 350 g were utilized. Animals were distributed into two groups: experimental and control, according to the lineage, SHR and EPM-1 Wistar rats, respectively. Each group was divided into two subgroups, with 15 animals each, with pneumoperitoneum pressure established at 4 mmHg and 10 mmHg. The animals were anesthetized and positioned to start the left femoral artery catheterization procedure to measure median arterial pressure and to collect blood sample during the experiment. After antisepsis, a 5 mm length transversal incision in the central abdominal area was performed to introduce a Veress needle for CO2 insufflation until the pressure established for each group was obtained (4 mmHg or 10 mmHg). Pressure was maintained during one hour, followed by one hour of disinsufflation. At the end of this phase, all animals, still under anesthesia, were submitted to euthanasia by blood removal through the arterial catheter. The blood samples were collected in three phases: 1) post-catheterization; 2) after one hour of pneumoperitoneum, and 3) one hour after disinsufflation. The samples were sent to the laboratory for urea and creatinine measurements. Results: Increased creatinine in SHR rats after 1 h of pneumoperitoneum with 10 mmHg pressure, while Wistar rats remained at the normal basal level. Urea levels increased for both SHR and EPM-1 Wistar rats after 1 h of pneumoperitoneum with 10 mmHg pressure. During the pneumoperitoneum with 4 mmHg pressure, creatinine and urea remained at basal levels. Conclusion: The renal function of SHR rats may be transiently changed, as it happens with non-hypertensive rats submitted to a 10 mmHg pneumoperitoneum