On The Implementation Of Experimental Solenoids In MAD-X And Their Effect On Coupling In The LHC

The betatron coupling introduced by the experimental solenoids in the LHC is small at injection and negligible at collision energy. We present a study of these effects and look at possible corrections. Additionally we report about the implementation of solenoids in the MAD-X program. A thin solenoid version is also made available for tracking purposes

Final-Focus Schemes for CLIC at 3 TeV

We discuss benefits and drawbacks of two different final-focus schemes for CLIC at 3 TeV centre-of-mass (c.m.) energy, by examining tolerances, tunability and potential background for a 3.3-km long baseline final-focus system and a shorter advanced design

Beam Dynamics for the CTF3 Preliminary Phase

In the framework of the CLIC RF power source studies, the new scheme of electron pulse compression and bunch frequency multiplication, using injection by RF deflectors into an isochronous ring, will be tested at CERN during the CTF3 preliminary phase. The present LPI complex will be modified in order to allow a test of this scheme at low charge. The design of the new front-end, of the modified linac, of the matched transfer line, and of the isochronous ring lattice is presented here.The results of the related beam dynamics studies are also discussed

Beam Dynamics for the Preliminary Phase of the New CLIC Test Facility (CTF3)

In the framework of the CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) RF power source studies, the scheme of electron pulse compression and bunch frequency mulitiplication, using injection by RF deflectors into an isochronous ring, will be tested, at low charge, during the preliminary phase of the new CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN. In this paper, we describe the beam dynamics studies made in order to assess the feasibility of the bunch combination experiment, as well as the related beam measurements performed on the LEP Pre-Injector complex (LPI) before its transformation into CTF

WISE: A Simulation of the LHC Optics including Magnet Geometrical Data

The beam dynamics in the LHC require a tight control of the field quality and geometry of its magnets. At the EPAC06 we presented the simulation tool WISE which generates magnetic field errors to be used as input to the MAD-X program. This paper describes the evolution in the WISE software since EPAC06. The allocation of magnets to lattice positions is completed, and therefore there is no more need for simulated allocations. Geometric axis measurements are now available for all cryostats. Furthermore, survey data is available to estimate the precision of the magnet installation (alignment). This paper discusses how the new data is used in connection with MAD-X simulations to give the most recent figures for beta-beating at injection (450 GeV) and collision energy (7 TeV)

Dynamical aperture studies for the CERN LHC: comparison between statistical assignment of magnetic field errors and actual measured field errors

It is customary to evaluate the performance of a circular particle accelerator by computing the dynamical aperture, i.e. the domain in phase space where bounded singleparticle motion occurs. In the case of the LHC the dynamical aperture computation is performed by assuming a statistical distribution of the magnetic field errors of various magnets classes: the numerical computations are repeated for a given set of realisations of the LHC ring. With the progress in the magnet production and allocation of the available positions in the ring, the statistical approach has to be replaced by the computation of one single configuration, namely the actual realisation of the machine. Comparisons between the two approaches are presented and discussed in details.Â

Development, validity and responsiveness of the Clinical COPD Questionnaire

BACKGROUND: The new Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines advice to focus treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on improvement of functional state, prevention of disease progression and minimization of symptoms. So far no validated questionnaires are available to measure symptom and functional state in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ). METHODS: Qualitative research with patients and clinicians was performed to generate possible items to evaluate clinical COPD control. Thereafter, an item reduction questionnaire was sent to 77 international experts. Sixty-seven experts responded and the 10 most important items, divided into 3 domains (symptoms, functional and mental state) were included in the CCQ (scale: 0 = best, 6 = worst). RESULTS: Cross-sectional data were collected from 119 subjects (57 COPD, GOLD stage I-III; 18 GOLD stage 0 and 44 (ex)smokers). Cronbach's α was high (0.91). The CCQ scores in patients (GOLD 0-III) were significantly higher than in healthy (ex)smokers. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between the CCQ total score and domains of the SF-36 (ρ = 0.48 to ρ = 0.69) and the SGRQ (ρ = 0.67 to ρ = 0.72). In patients with COPD, the correlation between the CCQ and FEV(1)%pred was ρ =-0.49. Test-retest reliability was determined in 20 subjects in a 2-week interval (Intra Class Coefficient = 0.94). Thirty-six smokers with and without COPD showed significant improvement in the CCQ after 2 months smoking cessation, indicating the responsiveness of the CCQ. CONCLUSION: The CCQ is a self-administered questionnaire specially developed to measure clinical control in patients with COPD. Data support the validity, reliability and responsiveness of this short and easy to administer questionnaire

Pig-farming systems and porcine cysticercosis in the north of Cameroon

A survey was conducted in 150 households owning 1756 pigs in the rural areas of Mayo-Danay division in the north of Cameroon. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on the pig-farming system and to identify potential risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis infection in pigs. Blood samples were collected from 398 pigs with the aim of estimating the seroprevalence of T. solium cysticercosis. The results showed that 90.7% of the pigs are free roaming during the dry season and that 42.7% of households keeping pigs in the rural areas have no latrine facility. Seventy-six per cent of the interviewed pig owners confirmed that members of the household used open-field defecation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antigen and antibody detection showed an apparent prevalence of cysticercosis of 24.6% and 32.2%, respectively. A Bayesian approach, using the conditional dependence between the two diagnostic tests, indicated that the true seroprevalence of cysticercosis in Mayo-Danay was 26.6%. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that a lack of knowledge of the taeniasis–cysticercosis complex and the absence of a pig pen in the household were associated with pig cysticercosis